Response of some cast zinc-base alloys (37.5% Al) comprised of nickel/silicon under different tensile loading conditions

Observations were made during tensile testing of some zinc-base alloys (37.5% Al) comprised of nickel/silicon at different strain rates and temperatures. The zinc-base alloy without nickel/silicon was also tested under identical conditions to see the effects of the alloying elements on the tensile (strength and elongation) properties. The nickel/silicon-free alloy attained tensile properties superior to those samples alloyed with the elements. Moreover, reducing content of copper deteriorated the properties of the alloy system. An increase in silicon content produced similar effects. In general, higher strain rates led to better tensile properties, within limits. Further, strength of the samples deteriorated with test temperature while elongation followed a reverse trend. However, the presence of nickel/silicon reduced the temperature sensitivity of the strength of the alloy system. The behavior of the alloys is discussed in terms of specific features of their microconstituents.     

3种高强铝合金的低温拉伸力学性能研究

利用拉伸测试、扫描电镜与透射电镜等手段,研究了2519-T87、2219-T81以及7039-T6三种铝合金板材的拉伸力学性能.结果表明,当变形温度由室温293 K降至77 K时,3种合金的屈服强度与抗拉强度均有所提高,其中抗拉强度分别提高23.1%、12.0%及6.2%.同时3种合金的伸长率随着温度降低有所提高.由于低温变形过程中平面滑移受抑制,加工硬化指数增加,变形均匀性增强,导致材料的强度增加,塑性有所提高.     

Semi-solid near-net shape rheocasting of heat treatable wrought aluminum alloys

Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys. Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition. The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications. The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification. The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallic needles in the eutectic. The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.     

Effect of partial melting on superplasticity ofAlNp/6061Al composite

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Fabrication and characteristics of magnesium alloys produced via powder metallurgy

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Superplastic-like behavior of Al-high Si alloys produced from rapidly solidified powders and ribbons

The high temperature tensile properties of hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloys were studied at temperatures between 683 and 813 K at initial strain rates between 8.3X10⁻⁴ and 4.2X10⁻¹s⁻¹. The alloys were prepared from prealloyed powders and ribbons, which were respectively fabricated by the centrifugal atomization and melt spinning, through the hot extrusion process at an extrusion ratio of 110:1. The extruded alloy bars prepared from the powders and ribbons, i.e. the powder-extruded and ribbon-extruded bars, have homogenous micro-structures with the fine silicon particles dispersed in the aluminum matrices for the Al-25Si and Al-15Si alloys. The maximum elongation-to-failure of the powder-extruded bar and the ribbon-bar are almost equal, 150%, for the Al-25Si alloy, In the Al-15Si alloy, the ribbon-extruded bar has superior elongation compared to the powder-extruded bar, that is, these are respectively 520% and 400%. The maximum elongation was attained at the relatively high strain rate of 10⁻²s⁻¹ independent of the silicon content and solidification process.     

2A12-T4/7A09-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头性能分析

采用不同的搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对1.2 mm 2A12-T4铝合金搭接4.0 mm 7A09-T6铝合金板材进行焊接试验,对焊后试样进行力学拉伸检测并对焊缝横截面进行微观组织观测. 结果表明,搅拌针从厚板插入薄板的接头力学性能高于从薄板插入厚板,当转速达到800 r/min、焊接速度达到400 mm/min时,焊接接头的抗拉伸载荷达到最高的17 kN,达到薄板2A12-T4铝合金母材的85%. 在焊接速度不变的情况下,随着转速的提升,焊缝横截面的界面曲线长度缩短,而界面长度曲线越短,接头力学性能越好. 试样断口全部出现在薄板一侧的焊缝起始端,断裂机制为混合断裂.     

合金化对超薄铝合金翅片高温力学性能和组织的影响

采用高温拉伸试验、金相显微镜、扫描电镜等方法研究了Si、Zr、Fe合金化对超薄铝合金翅片高温性能和组织的影响。结果表明,3003和改性3003铝合金(3003mod)的强度均随着拉伸温度的升高而降低,而伸长率均先增大而后降低。3003mod铝合金在500℃时屈服强度较3003合金提高了32.2%。合金化显著提高了3003mod铝合金中纳米颗粒数量,降低了粗大微米相数量,其组织特征抑制了高温拉伸过程中的二次再结晶形核,较3003合金晶粒更粗、长宽比更大。二次再结晶是导致500℃下两种合金的伸长率较300℃下的急剧减小的根本原因。     

热处理对铸轧— 冷轧铝箔各向异性的影响

测定了铸轧冷轧铝箔及其退火后沿箔材不同方向的拉伸力学性能。结果表明，冷轧及低温退火后铝箔的力学性能均无明显的各向异性，低温退火时，抗拉强度和伸长率变化很小，当退火温度达到280℃时，随温度的升高，抗拉强度和伸长率显著变化，各向异性增大。在280～320℃之间退火，材料既可不同程度地软化、又能减小各向异性。     

高强度铝青铜合金锻造失效分析

采用扫描电镜对高强度铝青铜合金在锻造过程中出现的断裂现象进行了显微组织观察和失效分析。通过宏观断口分析和显微组织观察,发现合金中出现了角度为45°的裂纹和一些断裂区域。分析表明,高强度铝青铜合金在锻造过程中出现的断裂现象,主要是由于变形应力超过了合金的抗拉强度和合金中的K相形成了断裂的裂纹源,致使其发生了脆性断裂。     

汽车用6005A-T6铝合金动态性能研究

通过对6005A-T6铝合金进行准静态拉伸试验和动态拉伸试验,研究了应变速率对6005A-T6铝合金准静态和动态力学性能及断裂行为的影响。6005A-T6铝合金的强度随着应变速率提高而增大,应变速率200/s拉伸的抗拉强度、屈服强度分别较准静态拉伸提升30MPa、25MPa,其中以准静态到应变速率10/s的过程中,材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度上升最为明显;6005A-T6铝合金塑性随着应变速率的增大而逐渐增大,当应变速率达到200/s时塑性反而下降。在高速拉伸变形状态下,位错密度的增加和滑移带的增多是导致高速状态下强度及延伸率提高的主要原因;当应变速率达到200/s时由于拉伸速率过快,晶粒来不及进行大量变形是断后延伸率反而降低的主要原因。     

退火对铸轧—冷轧铝箔各向异性的影响

采用拉伸试验机测定了铸轧一冷轧铝箔及其退火后沿箔材不同方向的拉伸力学性能。结果表明,冷轧及低温退火后铝箔的力学性能均无明显的各向异性,低温退火时,抗拉强度和延伸率变化很小。当退火温度达到280℃时,随温度的升高,抗拉强度和延伸率显著变化,各向异性增长。在280～320℃之间退火,材料既可不同程度地软化,又能减小各向异性。     

5A90铝锂合金电子束焊焊板超塑性变形力学行为

通过高温拉伸试验研究了5A90铝锂合金电子束焊焊板超塑性变形行为. 结果表明,5A90铝锂合金电子束焊焊板具有良好的超塑性变形能力,焊板的峰值流变应力随温度升高及初始应变速率的减小而减小,应变速率小于1×10-2/s时,焊板峰值流变应力小于32 MPa;焊板的断后伸长率随温度的升高和初始应变速率的增大而先增大再减小,在450℃,5×10-3/s断后伸长率达到最大为171.1%. 提出变形比例系数K（接头与母材断后伸长率的比值）,评价焊板中接头的超塑性变形协调能力,在各变形条件下K值均达到70%以上.     

Effect of Si addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Zn alloy

The effect of Si addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Zn aluminum alloys were investigated.Results show that the microstructure of Al-Mg-Si-Zn alloy with low Si contents is mainly composed of Mg2Si and Mg5Si6 phases.With the increasing of Si content,Si and Al3.21Si0.47 phases precipitate in the form of eutectic phases in the alloys,at the same time,the mean shape factor of the second phase firstly increases and then decreases.Regression analysis results show that the Si content has the main influence and the mean shape factor has the least influence on tensile strength.Tensile strength increases significantly with the addition of Si,however,there is a remarkable drop in the elongation of the alloys.Decreased elongation is related to the formation of monotonous Al(200)structure and the enlargement of interplanar spacing of(111)and(200)crystalline planes.     

Effect of deformation speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6063 during continuous extrusion process

Experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the continuous extrusion of AA6063 aluminum alloy under extrusion wheel angular velocities of 0.52, 0.78, 1.04 and 1.3 rad/s. Simulation results indicate that variations in extrusion wheel velocity directly affect material deformation and significantly influence the maximum extrusion temperature. This work also reveals that deformation and temperature have opposing effects on the microstructure of the resulting product. A greater wheel velocity causes a higher strain rate and extrusion temperature. Increasing the wheel velocity, at an initially low speed, causes a large increase in strain rate. This results in a decrease in grain size. In contrast, at high wheel velocities, further increases to wheel velocity have much less effect on the strain rate, leading to an increase in grain size as the increased extrusion temperature dominates the mechanics of grain growth. Tensile test results demonstrate that the tensile strength of the resulting aluminum extrusions mainly depends on the exit temperature, which is decided by the deformation speed. Tensile strength and hardness slightly increase with increased deformation speed. Extremely high extrusion temperature results in brittle failure and low mechanical properties of the resulting product when the extrusion speed reaches 1.3 rad/s. This paper suggests that an optimum extrusion wheel velocity, which will generate products with good mechanical properties, exists.     

In situ thermomechanical processing to avoid grain boundary precipitation and strength-ductility loss of age hardening alloys

To avoid grain boundary (GB) precipitation during aging, a new strategy of in situ thermomechanical processing for age hardening alloys was proposed. Specifically, high-density nanoscale precipitates were introduced into ultrafine grain (UFG) interiors of 7075Al alloy by equal-channel-angular (ECAP) processing at 250 °C for 8 passes, thus avoiding GB precipitation. Tensile test results indicated that the UFG 7075Al alloy exhibits superior mechanical properties (yield strength of 350 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa, uniform elongation of 18% and tensile ductility of 19%) compared with the UFG 1050Al counterpart (yield strength of 170 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 180 MPa, uniform elongation of 2.5% and tensile ductility of 7%). Fracture surface morphology studies revealed numerous homogeneous micro shear bands in necking shrinkage areas of both UFG 7075Al and 1050Al alloys, which are controlled by cooperative GB sliding. Moreover, the introduction of nanoscale precipitates in UFG 7075Al matrix weakened the tendency of shear fracture, resulting in a higher tensile ductility and more homogeneous deformation. Different from the GB precipitation during postmortem aging, in situ thermomechanical treatment dynamically formed GBs after precipitation, thus avoiding precipitation on GBs.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Multi-component Al_xCrFe_2Ni_2Mo_(0.2) High-Entropy Alloys

A series of Al_xCrFe_2 Ni_2 Mo_(0.2) alloy consisting of FCC+BCC phases have been designed,and their as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties were also investigated with x ranging from 0.6 to 0.9.It was found that with the addition of Al element,the solidified structures changed from dendrite to columnar crystal then back to dendrite again.Moreover,the increased amount of BCC phase resulted in finer and more uniform microstructures of FCC [FeCrNi(Mo)] and BCC(Al-Ni)phases.Tensile yield strength and hardness of alloys showed a similar increasing trend as the volume fraction of BCC phase increased.Both strain hardening rate and strain hardening exponent were calculated to assess the tensile properties of the alloys.It was shown that A1_(0.6)CrFe_2 Ni_2 Mo_(0.2) exhibited the most excellent and comprehensive mechanical properties due to its high work hardening ability and stable strain hardening rate.The product of strength and elongation of Al_(0.6)CrFe_2 Ni_2 Mo_(0.2)reached up to 38.6 GPa%,which was higher than most of the reported as-cast high-entropy alloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl castings produced by zirconia ceramic mould

Owing to their low density and attractive high-temperature properties, gamma titanium aluminide alloys (TiAl alloys, hereafter) have significant potential application in the aerospace and automobile industries, in which these materials may replace the heavier nickel-based superalloys at service temperatures of 600-900℃. Investment casting of TiAl alloys has become the most promising cost-effective technique for the manufacturing of TiAl components. Ceramic moulds are fundamental to fabricating the TiAl casting components. In the present work, ceramic mould with a zirconia primary coat was designed and fabricated successfully. Investment casting of TiAl blades and tensile test of specimens was carried out to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. The tensile test results indicate that, at room temperature, the tensile strength and the elongation are about 450 MPa and 0.8%, respectively. At 700℃, the tensile strength decreases to about 410 MPa and the elongation increases to 2.7%. Microstructure and mechanical properties of investment cast TiAl alloy are discussed.     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金相组成和力学性能的影响

利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量为6.0%,7.0%,8.0%(质量分数)的锆铝二元合金,通过退火过程中的包析反应得到了不同相组成的Zr3Al基合金,借助光学显微镜、XRD分析研究了合金的金相组织和相组成,进行了显微硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明:铸态的锆铝合金显微硬度随着铝含量的增加而增大;退火可得到组织均匀的Zr3Al基合金,其显微硬度和抗拉强度主要与相组成和基体晶粒大小有关,而与第二相的形态无关;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度随着Zr3Al相的增多而增大,延伸率随着Zr3Al相的增多而减小;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率随着Zr3Al晶粒的细化而不同程度地增大。     

固溶处理对7075/6009层状复合材料组织与性能的影响

通过分析7075/6009铝合金层状复合板材内层显微组织与显微硬度分布,研究了固溶处理对板材内层显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:在470～500℃范围内,随着固溶温度的升高,板材内层和过渡区的显微硬度值呈先升后降的趋势,在485℃时达到峰值,而外层显微硬度值呈上升趋势;内层显微组织在485℃时残留的颗粒相数量最少,而在500℃时发生"过烧"。在15～300 min内,板材内层和过渡区显微硬度值在30 min时达到峰值,而外层显微硬度值变化不明显;内层显微组织随着固溶时间的延长而变粗大,残留颗粒相数量在30 min后趋于平衡。通过T6热处理工艺:485℃固溶30 min+水淬+175℃时效8 h,7075/6009铝合金层状复合板材可获得较高的力学性能:抗拉强度为404 MPa,屈服强度为364 MPa,伸长率为15.3%;同比T6热处理的6009铝合金板材,其抗拉强度提高36%,屈服强度提高75%,但伸长率降低16%。