聚氨酯体系用改性分子筛活化粉的制备及其性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对3A分子筛原粉进行了表面改性,考察了偶联剂用量(质量分数)、改性时间对分子筛活化粉油浆黏度的影响,并比较了改性前后样品的静态水吸附量、物相、粒径分布、适用期等物化性质。结果表明:随着偶联剂用量的增加和改性时间的延长,活化粉黏度下降;偶联剂用量为2.0%、改性时间为45 min为优选的改性条件。使用偶联剂KH-550对3A分子筛进行表面改性,可有效提高分子筛活化粉的分散性能,降低活化粉油浆黏度,并延长在聚氨酯体系中的适用期。     

凹凸棒土的有机表面改性

以硅烷偶联剂KH-570和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-311为改性剂,对凹凸棒土（以下称为凹土）进行表面改性,通过差热分析、扫描电镜、透视电镜等分析方法考察了凹土的热力学性能以及凹土改性前后晶体形貌、成分、晶体结构的变化;界面接触角和活化指数分析结果表明经改性凹土的界面接触角和活化指数均较未改性凹土有所增加,其中,硅烷偶联剂改性凹土的界面接触角和活化指数增加幅度较大。     

有机硅偶联剂改性SiO_2作用机理研究

采用有机硅偶联剂对SiO2进行改性,并用红外光谱进行了表征。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂与SiO2表面的大部分羟基发生了化学反应,经改性后的SiO2,活化指数大大提高,且偶联剂占SiO2的最佳用量为7%。结合红外光谱分析结果和偶联剂分子结构,推断出在无水和有水条件下,偶联剂改性SiO2化学反应机理;结合改性过程中可能发生的化学反应,建立改性SiO2的结构模型。     

硅烷偶联剂对龙岩高岭土表面改性的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-540对龙岩高岭土进行表面改性处理,研究了偶联剂的用量、表面改性处理的pH值、改性温度、反应时间等因素对高岭土活化指数的影响。以高岭土在液体石蜡中的沉降体积和红外光谱（FT-IR）等手段研究了改性效果以及改性剂与高岭土之间的相互作用。结果表明,改性的最佳实验条件为：偶联剂用量为2%左右,改性pH在8～10,改性温度为60℃,反应时间40 min。高岭土经过活化处理后,在液体石蜡中的分散性和稳定性均得到明显提高;偶联剂与高岭土之间以化学键合作用为主。     

水化硅酸钙超细粉体制备及表面改性

用生石灰和石英砂作为原材料,在水热反应条件下,制备了水化硅酸钙超细粉体.采用偶联剂干法改性处理方法,对水化硅酸钙粉体进行表面改性试验.对处理后的改性粉体进行沉降值和吸油值的测定,以评估改性剂种类、改性剂掺量对水化硅酸钙粉体表面改性的影响.实验发现:铝酸酯类偶联剂H-4,501和502改性水化硅酸钙粉体,其吸油值分别为20,35(mL/100g)和36(mL/100g)(以100g改性粉体吸收邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的体帜),沉降值分别为0.2,0.4mL和03mL;钛酸酯类偶联剂改性粉体其吸油值上升到40(mL/100g).沉降值为0.5mL:硅烷偶联剂改性粉体的吸油值为87(mL/100g),沉降值为0.65 mL.通过激光粒度分布仪检测,未改性水化硅酸钙粉体其平均粒度为0.972μm,经1%铝酸酯类偶联剂H-4改性处理后其平均粒径降低到0.56μm,粉体的分散性大为提高.结果表明:以铝酸酯类偶联剂对水化硅酸钙粉体的改性效果较好,钛酸酯类偶联剂次之,硅烷类偶联剂改性效果较差.     

釉面砖基SiO2／TiO2超亲水涂层的制备及其性能研究

用溶胶 -凝胶方法在釉面砖上制备了SiO2 /TiO2 超亲水涂层 ,用XPS、光学显微镜和SEM研究了涂层的表面化学组成、水润湿角和表面形貌。结果表明 ,水润湿角与SiO2 /TiO2 的摩尔比和SiO2 在TiO2 表面的分布有密切关系 ,当SiO2 /TiO2 的比值在 0 0 8-0 1 3时 ,涂层的水润湿角在 5°左右。     

稀土偶联剂对氢氧化镁的表面改性及其阻燃应用

采用稀土偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂及钛酸酯偶联剂对氢氧化镁进行表面改性,考察了偶联剂用量、处理温度、时间对氢氧化镁表面改性效果的影响.通过黏度、表面活化度等指标对改性效果进行了表征.结果表明:稀土偶联剂对氢氧化镁的改性效果较其他二者要好,并确定了稀土偶联剂的改性的最佳工艺条件.采用改性后的氢氧化镁进行了填充聚乙烯研究,结果表明:当稀土改性后的氢氧化镁的填充量为140份时,复合材料的阻燃性达到了UL94 V-0标准,力学性能较好;通过SEM观察表明:稀土改性后的氢氧化镁在LLDPE基体树脂中的分散性明显优于未改性的.     

硅烷偶联剂改性云母粉及其在聚脲阻尼材料中的应用

为制备与聚脲阻尼材料相容性好的改性云母粉,提高聚脲材料的阻尼性能,以硅烷偶联剂 A-187为改性剂,采用溶液浸泡法改性 100目云母粉。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜对比观察改性前后云母粉的状态变化,通过活化指数、水接触角研究了硅烷偶联剂 A-187添加量对云母粉改性效果的影响;进一步将改性云母粉添加到聚脲阻尼树脂中,研究了颜基比对阻尼材料的机械强度、动态力学性能影响。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂 A-187改性云母粉效果良好,添加到聚脲树脂中可提高材料的阻尼性能;硅烷偶联剂 A-187添加量为 4%时,改性云母粉的活化指数最高、水接触角最大,改性效果最好;随着颜基比的增加,聚脲阻尼材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率上升,阻尼因子峰值升高,玻璃化转变温度向低温方向移动。     

合成多孔硅酸钙粉体表面改性研究

采用硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、分散剂对合成多孔硅酸钙粉体进行表面改性,研究了改性时间、温度等因素对粉体改性效果的影响。通过对改性前后的合成多孔硅酸钙粉体的活化指数、吸油值进行表征和分析,确定了改性的最佳工艺条件。在改性温度为110℃,改性时间为15min条件下,合成多孔硅酸钙粉体改性具有最佳效果。     

硅灰石表面改性及其在聚丙烯中的应用

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570与钛酸酯偶联剂JN-114对硅灰石进行干法表面改性，研究了改性剂种类及用量、改性温度和改性时间对改性效果以及聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，采用KH-570改性的最佳工艺：KH-570用量3.0%(w)，常温，时间30 min，此条件下得到的改性硅灰石活化指数95.45%，水接触角91.25°；采用JN-114改性的最佳工艺：JN-114用量1.0%(w)，温度70℃，时间30 min，此条件下得到的改性硅灰石活化指数98.16%，水接触角83.57°；KH-570与JN-114均以化学吸附作用于硅灰石表面。采用硅灰石填充聚丙烯，KH-570改性的硅灰石提高了聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度与模量，而JN-114改性的硅灰石能有效提高聚丙烯复合材料的冲击强度与熔体流动性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。