Model Predictive Control for Stochastic Resource Allocation

In this paper, we consider a class of stochastic resource allocation problems where resources assigned to a task may fail probabilistically to complete assigned tasks. Failures to complete a task are observed before new resource allocations are selected. The resulting temporal resource allocation problem is a stochastic control problem, with a discrete state space and control space that grow in cardinality exponentially with the number of tasks. We modify this optimal control problem by expanding the admissible control space, and show that the resulting control problem can be solved exactly by efficient algorithms in time that grows nearly linear with the number of tasks. The approximate control problem also provides a bound on the achievable performance for the original control problem. The approximation is used as part of a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm to generate resource allocations over time in response to information on task completion status. We show in computational experiments that, for single resource class problems, the resulting MPC algorithm achieves nearly the same performance as the optimal dynamic programming algorithm while reducing computation time by over four orders of magnitude. In multiple resource class experiments involving 1000 tasks, the model predictive control performance is within 4% of the performance bound obtained by the solution of the expanded control space problem.     

性能受限下云中心异构服务器的能耗优化

针对保证云中心性能下最小化能耗的问题,提出云中心异构服务器之间优化能耗分配方法.首先,建立云中心能耗优化的数学模型;然后,通过拉格朗日乘子法获取该模型的最优解,得到计算最小能量的最小能耗(MPC)算法;最后,通过大量数值实验进行算法验证并与功耗相等分配(EP)基准方法进行了比较.实验结果表明:在相同负载、相同响应时间约束下,MPC算法比EP基准方法节省近30%的能耗,并随着负载增加节省能耗的比例更高.MPC算法可有效避免云中心能源配置过载,为云中心资源优化配置提供思路和参考数据.     

基于DQN的超密集网络能效资源管理

小基站的密集随机部署会产生严重干扰和较高能耗问题,为降低网络干扰、保证用户网络服务质量（QoS）并提高网络能效,构建一种基于深度强化学习（DRL）的资源分配和功率控制联合优化框架。综合考虑超密集异构网络中的同层干扰和跨层干扰,提出对频谱与功率资源联合控制能效以及用户QoS的联合优化问题。针对该联合优化问题的NP-Hard特性,提出基于DRL框架的资源分配和功率控制联合优化算法,并定义联合频谱和功率分配的状态、动作以及回报函数。利用强化学习、在线学习和深度神经网络线下训练对网络资源进行控制,从而找到最佳资源和功率控制策略。仿真结果表明,与枚举算法、Q-学习算法和两阶段算法相比,该算法可在保证用户QoS的同时有效提升网络能效。     

基于粒子群优化的有约束模型预测控制器

研究了模型预测控制(MPC)中解决带约束的优化问题时所用到的优化算法,针对传统的二次规划(QP)方法的不足,引入了一种带有混沌初始化的粒子群优化算法(CPSO),将其应用到模型预测控制中,用十解决同时带有输入约束和状态约束的控制问题.最后,引入了一个实际的带有约束的线性离散系统的优化控制问题,分别用二次规划和粒子群优化两种算法去解决,通过仿真结果的比较,说明了基于粒子群优化(PSO)的模型预测控制算法的优越性.     

一种适用于多任务多资源移动边缘计算环境下的改进粒子群算力卸载算法

为了研究移动设备在多资源复杂环境下的能量消耗问题,提出一种针对移动边缘设备计算卸载的改进粒子群算法。首先基于多环境的移动设备能耗提出一种移动设备能量消耗的计算模型;其次针对计算资源分配问题设计一种可以用于衡量分配方案优劣的适应度算法;最后提出一种改进的粒子群算法,用于求解进一步降低移动边缘设备能耗分配方案的最优解。通过使用模拟仿真软件对多种卸载策略下移动设备能耗、系统响应时间等关键指标对比表明,本文算法在满足用户响应时间的前提下,在求解降低移动设备能耗调度分配方案最优解的过程中具有更优的表现。     

Optimal short-term scheduling of large-scale power systems

This paper is concerned with the longstanding problem of optimal unit commitment in an electric power system. We follow the traditional formulation of this problem which gives rise to a large-scale, dynamic, mixed-integer programming problem. We describe a solution methodology based on duality, Lagrangian relaxation, and nondifferentiable optimization that has two unique features. First, computational requirements typically grow only linearly with the number of generating units. Second, the duality gap decreases in relative terms as the number of units increases, and as a result our algorithm tends to actually perform better for problems of large size. This allows for the first time consistently reliable solution of large practical problems involving several hundreds of units within realistic time constraints. Aside from the unit commitment problem, this methodology, is applicable to a broad class of large-scale dynamic scheduling and resource allocation problems involving integer variables.     

基于遗传算法的容器云资源配置优化

提出一种基于遗传算法的容器云资源配置优化方法。充分考虑虚拟机配置于物理主机以及容器配置于虚拟机的资源分配情况,将容器云平台数据中心整体能耗最低作为目标函数,设置物理主机与虚拟机对应、虚拟机与容器对应等约束条件,利用遗传算法通过染色体表达、初始化、交叉操作、变异操作以及设置适应度函数5个步骤求解目标函数,获取最优容器云环境资源配置结果。实验结果表明,本文方法可实现容器云资源的合理配置,提高物理资源的利用效率,实现数据中心节能的目标。     

基于比例公平的多用户MIMO-OFDM系统自适应资源分配算法*

针对传统多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中自适应资源分配算法计算复杂度较高、实时性不强、无法保证用户间公平性等问题,提出了一种低复杂度的自适应子载波、比特及功率分配算法。在子载波分配上,该算法能够在兼顾比例速率约束的前提下使系统发射功率达到最小化;在比特及功率分配上,该算法将非线性优化问题转换为线性优化问题,在保证系统性能的同时显著降低计算量。仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的性能,能够有效降低计算量,并使系统容量在用户间分配得更加公平和合理。     

Neighbor selection for proportional fairness in P2P networks

This paper analyzes reciprocation strategies in peer-to-peer networks from the point of view of the resulting resource allocation. Our stated aim is to achieve through decentralized interactions a weighted proportionally fair allocation. We analyze the desirable properties of such allocation, as well as an ideal proportional reciprocity algorithm to achieve it, using tools of convex optimization. We then seek suitable approximations to the ideal allocation which impose practical constraints on the problem: numbers of open connections per peer, with transport layer-induced bandwidth sharing, and the need of random exploration of the peer-to-peer swarm. Our solution in terms of a Gibbs sampler dynamics characterized by a suitable energy function is implemented in simulation, comparing favorably with a number of alternatives.     

一种基于效用函数的网格资源优化策略*

基于市场机制提出了一种以资源代理为基础、面向服务的网格资源管理模型——SBAGRM,在该模型的框架下提出了一种基于效用函数的网格资源分配方法,该方法以满足用户的QoS需求为出发点,旨在追求系统资源的全局最优化。SBAGRM模型可以避免非线性优化带来过高的计算复杂度,以市场模式根据效用函数配置资源,因此计算复杂度将大大降低,模拟结果显示性能明显提高。     

基于李雅普诺夫随机优化的车辆边缘计算资源管理

针对车辆边缘计算系统中的计算资源管理问题,提出一种基于李雅普诺夫随机优化的计算卸载与资源分配方案.构建在保证任务量及长期能耗约束下的车辆用户服务时延最小化优化问题,利用李雅普诺夫随机优化理论将优化问题分解.在本地计算资源分配子问题中,通过求解线性问题的方法,得到最优本地计算CPU频率;在计算卸载子问题中,利用数值优化求...     

非完美频谱感知下认知超密集网络的资源分配

针对实际认知超密集网络场景中认知无线电存在非完美频谱感知的情况,提出了一种基于非完美频谱感知的资源分配方案,目标是在考虑跨/同层干扰约束、保障用户服务质量下,最大化非完美频谱感知下认知超密集网络中次级网络的能效。为此,依据网络模型构建能效优化问题,其为混合整数非凸规划问题,先通过分时共享松弛法和丁克尔巴赫法将其转换成等价的凸优化问题,再使用拉格朗日对偶法求其最优解,以此获得最优能效时的子信道和功率分配策略。基于此,提出了一种迭代的子信道和功率分配算法;为权衡计算复杂度,还提出了一种实用的子信道和功率分配算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法都有效地提升了网络能效。     

Energy constrained resource allocation optimization for mobile grids

A mobile grid incorporates mobile devices into Grid systems. But mobile devices at present have severe limitations in terms of processing, memory capabilities and energy. Minimizing the energy usage in mobile devices poses significant challenges in mobile grids. This paper presents energy constrained resource allocation optimization for mobile grids. The goal of the paper is not only to reduce energy consumption, but also to improve the application utility in a mobile grid environment with a limited energy charge, ensuring battery lifetime and the deadlines of the grid applications. The application utility not only depends on its allocated resources including computation and communication resources, but also on the consumed energy, this leads to a coupled utility model, where the utilities are functions of allocated resources and consumed energy. Energy constrained resources allocation optimization is formulated as a utility optimization problem, which can be decomposed into two subproblems, the interaction between the two sub-problems is controlled through the use of a pricing variable. The paper proposes a price-based distributed energy constrained resources allocation optimization algorithm. In the simulation, the performance evaluation of our energy constrained resources allocation optimization algorithm is conducted.     

基于缓存优化的移动边缘计算资源分配策略

移动边缘计算研究中,边缘服务器通过缓存任务数据可以有效节约计算资源,但如何分配缓存资源解决边缘服务器的竞争关系,以及能耗和效益问题,达到系统性能最优是一个NP难问题。为此提出基于缓存优化的在线势博弈资源分配策略OPSCO(online potential-game strategy based on cache optimization),采用新的缓存替换策略CASCU(cache allocation strategy based on cache utility),最大化缓存的效用。通过优化边缘服务器的效益指示函数,将缓存替换代价等因素与李雅普诺夫优化、势博弈以及EWA(exponential weighting algorithm)算法结合,对边缘服务器的竞争关系建模,进行势博弈相关证明和分析。仿真结果表明,OPSCO相比于其他资源分配策略,可以明显提升任务完成率和缓存效用,并降低设备能耗和时间开销,解决了移动边缘计算在线缓存场景中的资源分配以及数据缓存问题。     

Ordinal optimization for a class of deterministic and stochasticdiscrete resource allocation problems

The authors consider a class of discrete resource allocation problems which are hard due to the combinatorial explosion of the feasible allocation search space. In addition, if no closed-form expressions are available for the cost function of interest, one needs to evaluate or (for stochastic environments) estimate the cost function through direct online observation or through simulation. For the deterministic version of this class of problems, the authors derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a globally optimal solution and present an online algorithm which they show to yield a global optimum. For the stochastic version, they show that an appropriately modified algorithm, analyzed as a Markov process, converges in probability to the global optimum, An important feature of this algorithm is that it is driven by ordinal estimates of a cost function, i.e., simple comparisons of estimates, rather than their cardinal values. They can therefore exploit the fast convergence properties of ordinal comparisons, as well as eliminate the need for “step size” parameters whose selection is always difficult in optimization schemes. An application to a stochastic discrete resource allocation problem is included, illustrating the main features of their approach     

智能无人机轨迹与任务卸载联合优化

移动边缘计算（MEC）是云计算技术在边缘基础设施之上的应用拓展。考虑一个高能效的无人机移动边缘计算系统,通过联合优化无人机的运动轨迹、任务卸载策略和计算资源分配来最小化系统的能耗。为解决以上问题,提出一种双层优化方法,在上层用基于无监督学习的信道增益-自组织特征映射网络（h-SOM）对用户进行实时聚类,该聚类是以信道增益作为判断类别的指标并得到无人机的最佳部署位置;在下层根据无人机的部署,将计算卸载和计算资源分配问题转化为混合整数非线性规划问题（MINLP）,并采用带有精英初始策略和自适应双变异策略的改进差分进化算法（IDE）进行迭代求解,精英初始策略可以根据h-SOM的聚类结果提供优秀的初始解,自适应双变异策略能够提高算法的全局搜索能力并促进算法收敛,从而获得更好的任务卸载决策。通过仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性,并与传统算法进行了比较,其优化效果显著,为MEC系统的联合优化提供了一种新思路。     

虚拟机资源概率配置的云计算SEFFD算法

摘要：为增强虚拟机资源分配过程性能,有效解决云计算环境下虚拟资源分配的NP hard问题,利用模拟进化算法结合首次下降算法构建虚拟资源分配优化过程（SEFFD）。首先,构建全新的虚拟资源分配的评估方式,并结合模拟进化过程较强的算法寻优爬坡效果,采用迭代方式实现虚拟资源分配过程的个体选择、评估以及排序进化;其次,以模拟进化（SE）过程所获得资源分配结果为基础,结合首次下降（FFD）算法准则,实现物理主机及虚拟机资源的二次分配,从而获得资源分配效果和效率的同步提升;最后,利用CloundSim及Gridbus云计算仿真平台对算法性能进行对比测试,实验结果表明所提策略的内存利用率高于60%,处理器利用率大于55%,可有效减少所需物理主机数量,从而降低能耗。     

一种基于服务选取的SBS云资源优化分配方法

获取满足全局优化目标的资源分配策略,是影响云环境中基于服务的软件系统(service-based software system,简称SBS)运行时优化效果的关键.然而,由于SBS内部复杂的业务逻辑关系和云环境中的资源约束,现有分配方法无法得到最优资源分配量.以满足SLA约束和最小化资源成本为目标,根据不同资源状态对应不同组件服务性能的特点,将组件服务可能的资源分配量、相应性能及成本转换为备选逻辑服务集,进而提出了一种云环境中基于服务选取的SBS资源优化分配模型,并设计了一种求解模型的混合遗传算法.算法采用整数编码以提高求解效率,并在选择算子中引入了精英保留策略,从而保证收敛到全局最优解.为提高遗传算法的局部搜索能力、加快收敛速度,以局部搜索策略改进了标准变异算子.实验验证了所提出的资源优化分配模型和求解算法的有效性,并表明:与分支定界法及精英保留策略遗传算法相比,混合遗传算法能够在较大规模的问题上快速获得具有较低资源成本的资源分配策略.     

能效最优准则下的无人机中继系统的功率分配算法

由于无人机（Unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV）机动性好且部署简单,基于无人机中继的传输技术受到了广泛关注。功率作为通信系统的重要资源,其分配问题直接影响各条链路的性能和整个通信系统的能量效率。本文以莱斯衰落信道为背景,提出了一种在系统能效准则下的无人机中继通信系统的功率分配算法。首先在双跳放大转发（Amplify-and-forward,AF）中继传输模型的基础上建立功率分配的优化模型,将功率分配问题转化为求解最大系统能效的优化问题。在最优功率分配的求解过程中,先固定发射信号功率,获得波束形成优化方案;然后通过大信噪比区间近似,将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题;最后利用KKT（Karush-Kuhn-Tucker）条件,计算得出功率分配方案的闭式解。仿真实验表明,本文算法相对于迭代算法降低了算法复杂度。