离子取代镍基铁氧体的性能及吸波涂层优化设计

在同等实验条件下,以镍铁氧体为基体,通过溶胶-凝胶法,制备二元镍基复合铁氧体Ni0.5A0.5Fe2O4(A=Zn,Co,Mn,Cu)。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪对粉末的结构及电磁性能进行表征并对其吸波性能进行优化设计。结果表明:4种离子取代后均能形成在室温条件下具有超顺磁性的纯净镍基铁氧体粉末。离子取代使铁氧体样品的复介电常数实部ε′增大,虚部ε″在2~6 GHz和13~18 GHz变小,在6~13 GHz增大。Zn2+、Mn2+、Cu2+3种离子取代样品与未进行离子取代的NiFe2O4相比,其复磁导率实部μ′变化不大,而Co2+离子取代样品的μ′整体要大于其他几种离子取代样品及未取代样品的μ′;在2~11 GHz进行Zn2+、Co2+、Mn2+3种离子取代样品的虚部μ″变大,且以Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4的最大,Cu2+取代样品的虚部μ″与未取代样品的虚部μ″相比变化不大。利用传输线理论优化设计时发现,Co2+取代后的复合铁氧体没有匹配点,Zn2+取代后的复合铁氧体匹配效果最好,在最佳匹配厚度为5.63 mm时,其最小反射率峰值为-36.26 dB,小于-10 dB的频宽可达4.7 GHz。     

Sr0.8Re0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19(Re=La,Nd)的制备、表征及吸波性能

采用溶胶凝胶法,制备Sr0.8Re0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19(Re=La,Nd)复合铁氧体。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪表征粉体的结构及电磁性能。结果表明:得到的粉体为纯净的磁铅石型铁氧体,La3+掺杂样品的各项性能明显改善。在室温条件下,稀土离子掺杂后样品的Ms受到稀土离子掺杂的影响较小,Hc则明显提高;La^3+掺杂样品和Nd3+掺杂样品的Ms值接近,前者的Hc值则明显强于后者的,Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19的Ms和Hc分别为58.08A m^2/kg和362.0kA/m。稀土离子掺杂使铁氧体样品的复介电常数(ε′和ε″)增大,与Nd3+掺杂样品相比,La3+掺杂样品的介电损耗和磁损耗改善更为明显。利用传输线理论优化设计时发现,在1.2~2.4 mm之间,随着厚度的增加,Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19的反射率峰值先减少后增加,逐渐向低频移动;在厚度为2.0 mm时,其反射率峰值达到最小值为27.8 dB(11.8 GHz),小于10 dB的吸波带宽为5.2 GHz(9.5~14.7 GHz)。     

钡铁氧体/Fe-Ni合金复合材料吸波性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Z型钡铁氧体Ba3Co2Fe24O41,真空球磨法制备Fe Ni3合金,通过真空球磨将Fe Ni3合金添加到铁氧体中,并对该复合进行退火处理。对样品电磁参数测定发现,Fe Ni3合金的添加有利于减小样品的复介电常数虚部ε',提高复磁导率虚部μ',而且退火处理可进一步提高μ'。吸波性能测试发现,Fe Ni3的添加使样品对微波的吸收量有明显提升,尤其在低频率段吸收量有近3倍的提高,而退火后样品的微波吸收量又有所提高,且整体波动幅度也有所减小。     

Cu2+掺杂调控NiZn铁氧体的P波段吸波性能

目的 研究离子掺杂对NiZn铁氧体电磁特性的影响,提高NiZn铁氧体的P波段吸波性能。方法 以NiO、ZnO、Fe2O3、CuO等为原料,采用高温固相反应法,通过球磨、预烧、造粒以及烧结等工艺,制备Cu²⁺掺杂的Ni0.22Zn0.66CuxMn0.04Co0.08–xFe2O4(x=0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07)铁氧体样品。通过XRD、VSM和SEM分别表征样品的晶格特征、磁学特性和微观形貌,利用阻抗分析仪对样品的电磁特性进行测量。结果 Cu²⁺掺杂量的增加引起NiZn铁氧体的A-B超交换作用减弱和磁晶各向异性降低,样品的Ms、Hc和Mr都呈现出减小的趋势。样品的复磁导率与其磁特性关系密切,随着Cu²⁺的增加,实部μ?减小,而虚部μ?增大。此外,Cu²⁺掺杂量的增加对Fe²⁺与Fe³⁺之间的电子迁移率产生影响,使得复介电常数实部ε?增大,而ε?增大的主要原因是Cu²⁺掺杂量的增加导致铁氧体内部产生了晶格缺陷。Cu²⁺的掺杂量对样品的P波段吸波性能影响显著,随着Cu²⁺掺杂量的增加,NiZn铁氧体的阻抗匹配特性明显改善,电磁衰减能力显著提高,这进一步降低了样品的最佳吸波匹配厚度。掺杂量x=0.07的NiZn铁氧体样品,在厚度为6.6 mm时,实现了有效吸波带宽完全覆盖P波段。结论 通过调节Cu²⁺的掺杂量可以调控NiZn铁氧体的P波段吸波性能,增加Cu²⁺掺杂量对于降低样品的P波段吸波匹配厚度有积极作用。     

钙钛矿型锰氧化物La0.8Sr0.2MnO3的高频性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得La0.8Sr0.2MnO3氧化物多晶样品。通过XRD、SEM对样品的微观结构进行了分析,结果表明:所得样品为钙钛矿结构,样品的颗粒大小比较均匀,平均粒度约100nm。利用阻抗分析仪对样品的介电常数和磁导率的频谱(10MHz～1GHz和1MHz～1GHz)进行了研究。研究表明,在整个测试频率范围内,La0.8Sr0.2MnO3的介电常数实部和虚部随频率的升高而降低。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3的复磁导率的频谱谱线为典型的弛豫型谱线,磁导率实部在1MHz时为6.2,共振频率fr为50MHz,共振时虚部峰值为2.8;磁谱测试表明材料的弛豫损耗峰出现在频率f≤300MHz的频率范围内,在此频率区域引起损耗的机制主要是畴壁共振。     

燃烧合成法制备N掺杂SiC粉体及其微波介电性能

采用燃烧合成法,以硅粉和炭黑为原料、固态氮化剂α-Si3N4为掺杂剂及聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)为化学活性剂,制备N掺杂的β-SiC粉体吸收剂。通过X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜对燃烧产物进行了表征。结果表明:PTFE含量为10wt%时,燃烧产物中β-SiC的纯度较高,具有较好的颗粒形貌。利用矢量网络分析仪测试了样品在8.2～12.4GHz频率范围的微波介电常数,10wt%PTFE样品显示了最大的介电常数实部ε′、虚部ε″和损耗角正切tanδ。     

多层吸波材料反射损失计算机模拟

设定了六种不同的吸波材料,它们具有不同的相对磁导率的实部（μ＇r）与虚部（μ＇＇r）以及不同的相对介电常数的实部（ε＇r）与虚部（ε＇＇r）.按照Kraus的传输线阻抗转换方程,迭代计算了厚度3mm,1～6层吸波涂层的反射损失在2～18GHz频率范围随频率的变化.计算结果表明,涂层排列方式对反射损失随频率的变化规律有很大影响.     

低稀土含量的纳米复相α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B淬态合金微结构与微波电磁特性研究

对低稀土含量的Nd6Fe91B3合金进行熔体快淬处理,制备了由α-Fe相和少量的Nd2Fe14B相组成的纳米复相材料,并对其进行球磨处理25h。研究了快淬速度对淬态合金的相组成、微观结构、微波电磁性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着淬度的提高,淬态合金中高磁晶各向异性的Nd2Fe14B相逐渐减少,材料的自然共振频率向低频移动,但样品微波磁导率随淬速的提高而升高。淬速为40m/s的样品微波磁导率虚部在4.17GHz获得最大值μ"rmax=4.66,其实部在1.55GHz获得最大值μ’max=7.88。同时,低稀土含量的纳米复相α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B材料具有良好的微波电特性,其复介电常数在2GHz附近出现共振。由于磁损耗和电损耗共同作用,有利于该材料在GHz频段电磁波吸收材料中的应用。     

Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe复相材料微结构对微波复磁导率的影响

采用熔体快淬、晶化退火工艺及机械球磨方法制备了Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe纳米晶双相材料。研究了机械球磨工艺对材料的微结构、形貌和微波复磁导率的影响。结果表明：适当的机械球磨工艺可使材料粒度变细、变薄，晶粒细化，增强软、硬磁相晶粒间的交换耦合作用，提高其磁各向异性和饱和磁化强度，从而调节材料的共振吸收峰频率和微波复磁导率。球磨25h样品的复磁导率虚部μ’在3GHz达2．6，μ”在12GHz达1．2，μ”在30．5GHz达0．85，Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe纳米晶双相材料共振峰可控，不仅可应用于厘米波而且可应用于毫米波吸收材料的设计中。     

真空热处理对快淬纳米复合NdFeB电磁特性的影响

采用真空快淬技术制备低Nd含量的NdFeB纳米复合磁性材料,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和微波矢量网络分析仪等手段研究了真空热处理前后样品微观结构和电磁特性的变化。DSC结果显示在510℃和630℃处出现两个放热峰,在稍微高于这两个温度分别热处理后,相对于快淬态样品,材料的磁导率(μ')和磁损耗(μ″)降低,并且磁损耗出现多重频散特性,同时复介电常数减小,特别在2 GHz处ε″分别为-103.7(540℃)和ε″为-245.3(650℃)。根据传输线理论模拟计算涂层的反射损耗,发现快淬态样品在3.7 GHz下厚度为1.5 mm时最小反射损耗为-5.3 dB;而热处理后的样品在12 GHz处获得最小反射损耗,分别为-3.3 dB(540℃)和-2.1 dB(650℃)。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.