无信道估计和均衡器系数计算的直接盲多用户检测

在仅知道期望用户扩频码和传输信号属于有限字符集的条件下，文章把色散信道同步短码DS—CDMA系统盲多用户检测转化为带约束二次规划问题，并通过ε近似算法求解此问题来恢复期望用户信号。本方法既不依赖高阶统计量，也无需信道估计和均衡器系数计算，较好地避免了信道估计误差的影响，并具有适应时变信道的潜力。仿真表明本方法性能明显优于子空间方法和恒模算法。     

基于SVD的LC_CDMA通信系统信道估计研究

在LC-CDMA通信系统中，由于在多径衰落信道下使用了时变扩频码，使得信道估计非常困难，而对接收机的设计往往需要信道的先验知识。本文建立了长码条件下的CDMA通信系统模型和多径频率选择性衰落信道的FIR滤波器模型，利用子空间分解的方法，推导了长码条件下CDMA通信系统的信道估计算法，并仿真分析算法的性能。     

OFDM/OQAM系统中联合迭代信道估计和信号检测

与基于复数域空间正交条件的传统正交频分复用系统(OFDM with Cyclic Prefix, CP-OFDM)有所不同,基于交错正交调制的正交频分复用系统(OFDM/Offset QAM, OFDM/OQAM)满足实数域空间严格正交条件。因此在多径衰落信道条件下,CP-OFDM系统中的信道估计方法会导致OFDM/OQAM系统严重的字符间干扰和载波间干扰。该文结合OFDM/OQAM系统结构特点,提出了一种基于迭代信道估计和信号检测算法。该算法通过信道估计器和接收到的信号互相交换信息,消除导频序列中的字符间干扰和载波间干扰,提高信道估计和信号检测的准确度。仿真分析结果表明,经过一定次数迭代处理后,OFDM/OQAM迭代信道估计性能趋近于理想信道估计性能。     

利用边信息嵌入的CDMA水印信道性能研究

稳健性是数字水印的重要指标之一.为了改善水印稳健性,CDMA技术已被引入到数字水印中.但是,目前基于CDMA扩频技术的水印算法基本都是通过实验方式来确定嵌入强度以及相关参数.本文分析了把载体作为边信息情况下CDMA水印信道的性能.研究了PSNR值,嵌入强度参数 β ,正交码码长N以及用户数K之间的关系,给出了 PSNR关于这三者的显式表达式.根据PSNR值,给出了水印嵌入强度参数 β 的估计算法,仿真实验结果表明估计的有效性.并指出CDMA水印信道中,用户数不影响PSNR值的大小,实验结果有力地支持了这个结论.通过分析CDMA水印信道的误码形成过程,给出了信道误码率表达式,并得出,在给定PSNR值的情况下,CDMA正交扩频码码长 N 的选择不影响信道误码率值.     

CDMA系统中对应于线性插值信道估计的最佳扩频因子

线性插值信道估计是一种适用于CDMA系统的简单而有效的信道估计方法。这种方法的性能受到信道的时变特性和接收机端噪声的影响。本文通过研究发现，在插值密度相同的情况下，导频符号信道估计克服噪声的能力和扩频增益(SE，spreading factor)成正比，而线性插值的跟踪时变信道的能力和扩频增益成反比。这样，在信道的变化剧烈程度一定的情况下，必然有使估计性能达到最优的最佳扩频因子。本文考查了在采用线性插值信道估计的CDMA系统中，当插值密度和车速一定时，不同扩频因子带来的系统的性能差别。仿真结果表明，对于给定车速，系统存在着最佳扩频因子，并且随着车速的变化而不同。     

基于码片延迟的多径信道扩频序列盲估计

针对多径信道下低信噪比直扩信号扩频序列的盲估计问题,提出一种通过码片延迟与相关矩阵分析相结合的方法实现扩频波形估计。该方法首先将接收信号延迟一段时间与原信号相乘,然后代入自相关矩阵中,通过特征值分解求得最大特征值及其对应的特征向量,通过该特征向量中的零点确定同步位置并恢复扩频序列。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本算法在低信噪比条件下能完成对PN码序列的精确估计。     

基于Fast-ICA的CDMA信号扩频序列盲估计及性能分析

DS-CDMA分为长码和短码扩频2种扩频方式,已有的扩频序列盲估计算法只适用于短码扩频信号,不能完成长码扩频信号的扩频序列估计。对长码扩频CDMA信号的数学模型进行分析,提出了一种的新的基于Fast-ICA的多用户扩频序列盲估计方法并推导了算法的理论性能。该方法不仅能适用于长码扩频CDMA信号,而且对同步短码扩频CDMA信号也同样适用。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

非周期扩频CDMA系统中时空信道的盲估计

时空信道可以用矢量信道冲激响应(VCIR)来描述,正确估计VCIR是智能天线系统实现的关键技术.本文从多用户解相关的思想出发,利用子空间技术实现了非周期扩频的CDMA系统时空信道的盲估计,所给出的时空信道估计方法具有抗远近效应的能力.计算机仿真实验表明,时空信道的估计精度完全可以满足DOA与相对时延信息提取的要求.     

基于OFDM的联合信道估计的定时方法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,传统的时域相关法无法满足定时同步精度的要求,提出了一种联合信道估计的同步算法,给出了理论推导,在得到信道估计结果的基础上对初始的定时同步结果进行修正,进而得到较为精确的定时位置,解决了同步头摆动等定时不准确的问题。用Matlab对提出的算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,此改进算法能满足低信噪比下的定时同步要求。     

多径信道中基于盲波束成形的CDMA多用户检测和伪码估计

在分析阵列天线接收的多径CDMA信号的基础上,发掘阵列信号子空间与扩频用户伪码序列的关系,对传统的子空间波束成形器结构做了改进,提出一种新的基于盲波束成形的伪随机码序列盲估计算法。算法采用复独立分量分析法迭代,得到盲波束成形器系数,能在波达方向未知的情况下,估计各个用户的扩频序列。本文同时提出一种基于盲波束形成的异步多径CDMA信号多用户检测算法,可以在未知各个用户扩频码和波达方向的先验知识条件下,完成多径异步CDMA信号的多用户检测。算法由于同时利用了扩频增益和阵列天线分集增益,相比于单天线多用户检测算法性能有所提高。理论分析和仿真结果验证了算法的可行性。      

一种高精度的TOA估计方法

提出了一种 CDMA系统的高精度的信号到达时延(TOA)的估计方法。在不提高采样频率的情况下,使用积分-清除电路对接收信号进行采样,将离散信号用离散傅里叶变换(DFT)转换到频率域中,然后根据 CDMA信号模型和多径信道模型以及已知的扩频码的离散频谱,估计出信号相对于一个码片周期的整数部分 TOA;再在离散频率域中用最小二乘法估计出信号到达的小数部分 TOA,该方法即使在采样频率不高的情况下,也有很高的精度,而且运算量小,因此是一种有效的高精度 TOA估计方法。     

MC-CDMA系统降维盲空时信道估计及信号检测

该文提出了适用于频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中的MC-CDMA系统降维盲空时信道估计及信号检测算法。对接收数据矢量进行解相关滤波,得到对应于每个用户的无多址干扰(MAI)的降维信号,由白化滤波后的降维数据组成的矩阵的秩1近似来进行盲信道估计。将白化滤波后的降维数据矢量看作是单用户的系统,研究了迭代最小二乘(ILS)检测和最小均方误差(MMSE)检测。仿真结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Channel estimation and multiuser detection in long-code DS/CDMAsystems

The problems of channel estimation and multiuser detection for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems employing long spreading codes are considered. With regard to channel estimation, several procedures are proposed based on the least-squares approach, relying on the transmission of known training symbols but not requiring any timing synchronization. In particular, algorithms suited for the forward and reverse links of a single-rate DS/CDMA cellular system are developed, and the case of a multirate/multicode system, wherein high-rate users are split into multiple virtual low-rate users, is also considered. All of the proposed procedures are recursively implementable with a computational complexity that is quadratic in the processing gain, with regard to the issue of multiuser detection, an adaptive serial interference cancellation (SIC) receiver is considered, where the adaptivity stems from the fact that it is built upon the channel estimates provided by the estimation algorithm. Simulation results show that coupling the proposed estimation algorithms with a SIC receiver may yield, with a much lower computational complexity, performance levels close to those of the ideal linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver, which assumes perfect knowledge of the channels for all of the users and which (in a long-code scenario) has a computational complexity per symbol interval proportional to the third power of the processing gain     

An Adaptive Multiuser Detection Algorithm for CDMA Systems Using Antenna Diversity

Based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) between the data stream and the linear combiner output, a new multiuser detection (MUD) algorithm that combines space–time (ST) processing and antenna array on direct-sequence CDMA signals is proposed. The proposed ST-MUD algorithm is proved to be equivalent to two existing MMSE-based ST-MUD algorithms, and the theoretical BER performances for all the three algorithms are the same. The most attractive feature of the new ST-MUD algorithm is based on the fact that the new method does not require explicit estimation of channel and signaling information. This avoids any channel estimation error, and the method is thus more robust and more accurate than the other two ST-MUD algorithms in practical implementation. Adaptation of the proposed ST-MUD algorithm is implemented by using training sequences. Performance of this new multiuser detector is compared with that of two existing MMSE multiuser detectors and the conventional single-user space–time rake receiver through simulations. The proposed ST-MUD algorithm provides a performance better than existing algorithms and is especially suitable for practical CDMA systems.     

Maximum-likelihood-based multipath channel estimation forcode-division multiple-access systems

The problem of estimating the channel parameters of a new user in a multiuser code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication system is addressed. It is assumed that the new user transmits training data over a slowly fading multipath channel. The proposed algorithm is based on maximum-likelihood estimation of the channel parameters. First, an asymptotic expression for the likelihood function of channel parameters is derived and a re-parametrization of this likelihood function is proposed. In this re-parametrization, the channel parameters are combined into a discrete time channel filter of symbol period length. Then, expectation-maximization algorithm and alternating projection algorithm-based techniques are considered to extract channel parameters from the estimated discrete channel filter, to maximize the derived asymptotic likelihood function. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulation studies. In addition, the proposed algorithms are compared to previously suggested subspace techniques for multipath channel estimation     

Linear prediction approach for joint blind equalization and blindmultiuser detection in CDMA systems

For high-speed code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, interchip interference that is caused by multipath propagation becomes severe and cannot be ignored. Together with the multiple access interference due to nonideal conditions in CDMA, they become major obstacles to overall system performance. In this paper, both batch and adaptive algorithms based on linear prediction are proposed for joint blind equalization and multiuser detection for asynchronous CDMA systems. It is shown that the new methods are insensitive to estimation error of propagation delay or chip timing. In addition, the adaptive algorithm is computationally efficient. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are also near-far resistant and compare favorably to many existing methods     

码分多址反向链路调度算法与处理时延的关系

研究了码分多址反向链路数据传输采用不同的调度算法受系统处理时延影响的程度，这种影响与信道估计误差有关，也与传输速率的更新时间有关。通过对CDMA2000的动态系统级仿真，其结果显示反向链路上的最大速率与轮询结合的算法、最小路径损耗算法、以及轮询算法在有处理时延时吞吐量性能都会降低，其中最大速率与轮询结合的算法降低的程度最小，轮询算法降低程度最大，最小路径损耗算法介于中间。性能降低也与快衰信道类型相关，信道变化越快算法性能受到的影响越大。提出了一种对调度算法的改进方法，即根据移动台处理时延的变化，为近期处理时延较小的移动台分配更多的资源，结果表明该方法改善了系统吞吐量。     

一种改进的OFDM系统盲信道估计算法

在OFDM通信系统中,信道参数估计一直是个备受关注的问题。本文利用接收端分集,提出了一种改进的盲信道估计算法,它适用于有无虚拟子载波,有无循环前缀的各种情况,在一定的信道精度要求条件下,可以在一个OFDM 符号内进行信道估计。计算机仿真显示,在积累相同的接收符号时,本算法也比同类的盲信道估计算法的性能好。     

Joint Angle and Delay Estimation (JADE) in Antenna Array CDMA Systems

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Blind detection of multirate asynchronous CDMA signals in multipath channels

Blind detection of a desired user's signal in a multirate direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system [using either variable sequence length (VSL) or multicode (MC) access] is considered. A code-constrained inverse filter criterion (IFC)-based blind detector for equal-rate CDMA signals to detect a desired user's signal was presented by Tugnait and Li (2001). The IFC method exploits the higher order statistics of the data. In multirate CDMA systems, a high-rate user signal may be treated as the superposition of several virtual basic-rate signals. The code-constrained IFC-based detector may be used to detect a given basic-rate virtual signal. This, however, does not solve the problem of combining the detected virtual basic-rate signals to yield the original high-rate signal since the former may be delayed by different equalization delays, may be multiply extracted, and may be in different "order." In this paper, novel approaches combining the code-constrained IFC and a penalty function are developed to cope with this problem for VSL and MC multirate access methods. Global minima of the proposed cost functions are analyzed. Three illustrative simulation examples are presented, including an example where the proposed algorithms are compared with an existing subspace approach (and its modifications), a clairvoyant matched filter receiver, and a known channel linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver.