氧化铝上乙醇脱水制乙烯的动力学

为开发多段绝热床生物质乙醇脱水制乙烯反应工艺,在Φ10 mm等温积分反应器中以自研发的氧化铝为催化剂研究了生物乙醇脱水制乙烯反应动力学。实验在排除内外扩散的影响的条件下,考察了反应温度、反应空速和水醇比对反应的影响,建立了生物质乙醇脱水制乙烯的半理论半经验的幂函数本征动力学模型。模型方程具有统计意义上的可靠性,并与实验结果吻合良好。     

乙醇脱水制生物基乙烯工艺研究

以上海石油化工研究院已开发的高活性高选择性氧化铝催化剂,对固定床上乙醇脱水制乙烯反应工艺进行了研究。分别通过考察反应温度、水醇比和质量空速等工艺参数的变化对乙醇转化率、目的产物乙烯收率和副产物收率的影响,确定了固定床的优化工艺。结果表明:在所选的氧化铝催化剂条件下反应,当反应温度为400℃,空速为0.5 h-1,水醇比为2.5,乙烯的收率能达到98%,副产物收率控制在2%左右,乙醇转化率接近100%。此数据为开发的氧化铝催化剂工业应用推广提供了必要的技术参考。     

苯与乙烯在ZSM－5上的烷基化反应（Ⅲ）固定床反应器行为的化较

给出了低浓度乙烯和苯在ＺＳＭ－５型分子筛催化剂上的宏观动力学方程。建立了中试固定床反应器模型。模型值与中试结果相一致。化较了单段绝热床、等温床和多段绝热床反应器行为。结果表明：在达到乙烯９５％转化率时，苯生成乙苯和乙烯生成乙苯的选择性为等温床要化单段绝热床好；四段绝热床可达到与等温床相当的指标。考虑到绝热床投资少，操作简单，可变性强，四段绝热床反应器应该是首选的反应装置。     

乙烯氧氯化反应动力学测定

介绍了采用浅床层固定床反应器,在近似工业条件下对AKZO公司开发的FPC-2LD催化剂进行了氧气法乙烯氧氯化制二氯乙烷的本征动力学研究,用多元线性回归数学模型对实验数据进行计算,建立了该催化剂的主反应动力学方程式。     

过渡金属改性USY催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯

在固定床反应器中考察了USY(超稳Y分子筛)和过渡金属改性USY催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯反应,并通过BET,XRD和NH3-TPD等手段对改性前后的催化剂进行表征.结果表明,Co/USY的催化反应性能较好.当硝酸钴浸渍液质量分数为3%时,催化反应效果最好,乙醇转化率达到93.2%,乙烯选择性达到95.7%.Co/USY催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中乙烯的选择性对反应温度敏感,乙烯选择性由220℃的24.0%骤然提高到250℃的95.7%,在280℃时乙烯选择性达到100%.并且考察了Co/USY的初期稳定性,发现在反应102 h后催化剂仍具有良好的活性.     

苯与乙烯在ZSM—5上的烷基化反应：（Ⅲ）固定床反应器行为的…

给出了低浓度乙烯和苯在ＺＳＭ－５型分子筛催化剂上的宏观动力学方程，建立了中试固定床反应器模型，模型值与中试结果相一致，比较了单段绝热床，等温床，等温床和多段绝热床反应器行为，结果表明：在达到乙烯９５％转化率时，苯生成乙苯和乙烯生成乙苯的选择性为等温床要比单段绝热床好；四段绝热床可达到与等温床相当的指标，考虑到绝热床投资少，操作简单，可变性强，四段绝执档反应器应该是首选的反应装置。     

工业氧化铝催化剂上乙醇脱水动力学

在排除内外扩散影响的条件下,采用微型等温固定床反应器对工业化氧化铝催化剂上乙醇脱水的动力学行为进行了实验研究.建立了工业氧化铝上乙醇脱水的半经验动力学模型,采用高斯-牛顿方法对实验结果进行拟合.统计检验结果表明,所建模型很好地吻合了实验数据,是适宜和可行的.     

乙醇脱水反应的动力学研究

在管式固定床反应器中,采用改性的分子筛催化剂,在温度195～220℃、乙醇浓度30～70 wt%、乙醇液时空速0.08～0.17 mol/g-cat./h的范围内,对乙醇脱水反应的本征动力学进行了研究。动力学研究结果表明,在实验条件范围内,乙醇脱水生成乙烯和乙醚的反应属于平行反应,符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理模型,表面反应为速率控制步骤。     

乙醇催化脱水制乙烯催化剂的制备与性能评价

采用混捏法制备乙醇脱水制乙烯EDE-104催化剂,并引入活性金属氧化物E对催化剂进行改性,通过正交实验得到较优的工艺条件:反应温度360℃,液体空速0.5 h-1,原料乙醇质量分数60%,并在此条件下进行了1 000 h的寿命实验。结果表明,乙醇催化脱水制乙烯催化剂中引入活性金属氧化物E,提高了乙烯选择性,增强了催化剂的稳定性,乙烯选择性97.5%,乙醇单程转化率97.5%,乙烯收率96%。     

改性HZSM-5分子筛在乙醇脱水制生物乙烯工业小试中的应用研究

主要研究了改性HZSM-5分子筛在固定床反应器上催化乙醇脱水制生物乙烯的应用情况,考察了反应温度、质量空速、乙醇质量浓度以及催化剂粒度等工艺条件对改性HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响,同时考察了催化剂的单程寿命。结果显示,反应温度在200~300℃,乙醇质量空速为1.2 h~(-1)的条件下,采用470 g/L的乙醇溶液,催化剂粒度在10~20目之间,乙醇转化率为99%以上,乙烯选择性为98%以上,单程可连续运转1 104 h,表明改性HZSM-5在乙醇脱水工业小试中的催化性能优异。     

Activities of industrial alumina based catalysts in the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene

Ethanol dehydration to ethylene is tested on industrial alumina, a support for hydrotreating catalyst IK-GO-1 (AO_IK-GO-1), sorbents AN-2N and AOK-63-22, and catalyst AOK-78-59. Activity is measured in a plug-flow reactor in the temperature range of 375–400°C at a contact time of 0.3 s, and the effect of the process temperature on the conversion of ethanol and the selectivity toward target and secondary products is determined. A correlation between the specific activity and mass fraction of sodium is found for samples with homogeneous phase composition. It is shown that the activity of the investigated industrial catalytic systems based on alumina in the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene changes in the order AO_IK-GO-1 > AN-2N > AOK-63-22 > AOK-78-59.     

生物乙醇催化脱水制乙烯的动力学研究

采用质量分数3%金属镧改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,考察在较低的反应温度（200～300） ℃、固定床反应器内质量空速、催化剂粒径、反应温度以及反应物分压对乙醇转化率、产物收率和生成速率的影响,确定了乙醇脱水反应的动力学控制区域：质量空速≥20 h^-1,催化剂粒径≤0.7 mm。在此基础上,建立了生物乙醇催化脱水的动力学模型,拟合值和实验值吻合较好。     

Application of heteropoly acid catalyst in an inert polymer membrane catalytic reactor in ethanol dehydration

The ethanol dehydration reaction was carried out in an inert membrane catalytic reactor. 12-Tungstophosporic acid as a catalyst and polysulfone as an inert membrane were used in this study. Ethanol conversion and ethylene selectivity were remarkably enhanced in comparison with those in a fixed-bed reactor under the same reaction condition.     

V-P/HZSM-5催化乙醇流化床脱水制乙烯

分别采用P、V和V-P改性HZSM-5,在自行设计的流化床装置上评价其对乙醇脱水制乙烯的催化性能。采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、吡啶吸附红外光谱（Py-IR）、比表面积分析（BET）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对催化剂的物化性能进行表征,同时考察了不同催化剂制备条件和催化反应条件等工艺因素对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,V-P复合改性HZSM-5比P和V单独改性的催化效果好,在P和V原子比为7.5、焙烧温度300 ℃、反应温度220 ℃、乙醇进样流速0.1 mL·min^-1和催化剂用量3.0 g条件下,乙醇的转化率和乙烯的选择性分别高达96.9%和93.5%,具有稳定的初期活性。同时,该催化剂对低浓度乙醇的脱水反应表现出较佳的催化活性。     

Catalytic Conversion of Bio-ethanol to Ethylene over La-Modified HZSM-5 Catalysts in a Bioreactor

Ethylene production from petroleum or natural gas is an energy intensive process. Bio-ethanol catalytic dehydration to ethylene is an attractive alternative for oil based ethylene. Catalytic dehydration conversion of bio-ethanol to ethylene using HZSM-5 modified by 3 wt% rare earth metal (lanthanum) was carried out in a laboratory bioreactor. The physicochemical properties of the catalyst were characterized. The stability test showed that ethanol conversion and selectivity over this catalyst could be maintained above 98% for more than 950 h. The regenerated catalyst also displayed high reactivity and stability of up to 830 h can be obtained. The effects of temperature, liquid hourly space velocity, particle size of catalyst, and bio-ethanol partial pressure on products formation rate were investigated. The external and internal diffusion resistances were eliminated and the kinetic control range was identified. An apparent kinetics model was used to describe the dehydration reaction of ethanol over 3 wt% La-HZSM-5 catalyst, and the kinetic parameters were determined.     

Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene in an Ethylene Stream in an Adiabatic Reactor

In earlier studies the behavior of single catalyst pellets of Pd on alumina has been investigated for the reaction of acetylene in an ethylene stream with hydrogen. Particle runaway, temperature over‐ and undershoots and chemically induced temperature oscillations have been observed. After that, the steady state and dynamic behavior of an adiabatic packed bed reactor has been studied experimentally. Temperature profiles of both the gas and solid phase as well as local temperature differences between the two phases were measured. Also here the temperature in the reaction zone exhibited oscillatory behavior. On addition of CO, the oscillations disappeared and the selectivity improved. For a given set of operating conditions, there existed a relatively small range of CO contents with good selectivity and satisfactory conversion. This range depends strongly on the inlet temperature. The dynamic response of the reactor to changes in the CO content showed a considerable wrong‐way behavior. This high sensitivity to fluctuations in the CO content, found for our experimental reactor, indicates a probable cause for a thermal runaway in industrial practice. Recommendations for a stable reactor operation are given.     

工艺条件对甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应的影响

以La改性氧化铝为催化剂,在模拟绝热固定床反应器中考察工艺条件对甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚反应的影响。结果表明,甲醇进料温度210℃时,甲醇脱水反应剧烈,绝热温升约130℃。催化剂床层热点温度低于380℃时,二甲醚选择性大于98%,过高温度产生大量副产物甲烷。反应压力对反应影响甚微。在甲醇进料温度240℃(热点温度370℃)、甲醇进料空速1.5 h-1和反应系统压力为50 k Pa条件下,甲醇转化率大于84%,二甲醚选择性大于98.5%,连续运转2 000 h,催化剂无明显失活迹象。     

Petrochemicals from ethanol over a W-Si-based nanocomposite bidisperse solid acid catalyst

Very high ethylene selectivity values approaching 100% and very high ethanol conversion values approaching 85% were obtained in dehydration of ethanol over a new W-silicate-based nanocomposite catalyst having both meso and macropores and containing a W/Si atomic ratio of 0.85. Silicotungsticacid was successfully incorporated into the catalyst structure following a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis procedure. This catalyst is highly stable and does not loose activity in polar solvents and it has a sufficiently high surface area for catalytic applications. Calcination temperature of the catalyst was found to have a very significant effect on the catalyst structure and also on its catalytic performance in ethanol dehydration. Maximum selectivity of the second major reaction product diethylether was obtained as 0.7 at 200 °C, with the catalyst which was calcined at 400 °C. Very high ethylene and diethylether yield values obtained in this study at different reaction conditions are highly promising for the production of petrochemicals from ethanol.