触变成型镁合金AZ91D在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

用失重法、金相显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）研究了金属型铸造镁合金AZ91D和触变成型镁合金AZ91D在3．5％NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为与组织之间的关系。结果显示：触变成型镁合金的耐蚀性高于金属型铸造镁合金是因为微观组织的不同所致。在腐蚀初期，触变成型镁合金内层试样腐蚀速率高于表层试样，这是由于表层组织中的卢相含量高于内层组织；随腐蚀进行，腐蚀速率基本一致腐蚀主要发生在阳极（共晶α相和α相）区域，卢相作为电偶腐蚀的阴极。电偶对的腐蚀电位、相对位置和面积比是影响触变成型镁合金腐蚀速率的主要因素。     

镁合金轮毂的铸造工艺与组织性能

分别采用金属型铸造、常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造法制备了轮毂用Mg-2.9Nd-0.18Zn-0.35Zr镁合金,对比分析了三种不同铸造工艺下铸态和T6态镁合金的显微组织和力学性能,探讨了镁合金的强化机理。结果表明,金属型铸造合金的组织为α-Mg和以鱼骨状形式存在于晶界处的Mg_(12)Nd共晶相,平均α-Mg相尺寸约51μm,常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造合金的α-Mg相尺寸和Mg_(12)Nd相相似,但是后者的α-Mg相更加细小;三种铸造工艺下镁合金的主要物相都为α-Mg和Mg_(12)Nd,金属型铸造合金中α-Mg的晶格常数要比常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造的小。三种铸造工艺下T6态镁合金基体中都析出了细小短棒状β'相,且T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造镁合金中β'相的尺寸相对金属型铸造更大,而T6态流变挤压铸造镁合金中还发现了细小盘状β"相。铸态和T6态镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度为:流变挤压铸造常规挤压铸造金属型铸造;T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造相对金属型铸造镁合金的强度提高主要来自细晶强化和析出强化,且流变挤压铸造的细晶强化和析出强化效果要优于常规挤压铸造。     

触变成型镁合金AZ91D在兰州城市大气中的腐蚀行为研究

研究了兰州大气中触变成型镁合金AZ91D的腐蚀行为.结果表明:发生的腐蚀是与降水有关的电偶腐蚀，湿度是影响腐蚀过程的主要因素之一;腐蚀发生在原固相区的α相和液相区的共晶α相，β相作为腐蚀的阴极区;α相表面形成的表面膜和龟裂是α相腐蚀加剧的主要控制因素.腐蚀产物与大气中的腐蚀性气体CO2，SO2有关.     

热处理对半固态触变成形镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对金属型铸造成形及半固态触变成形镁合金AZ91D组织与性能的影响。半固态触变成形使镁合金组织中的α-Mg固溶体由树枝状转变为球状，其抗拉强度和伸长率得到大幅度的提高；同时，由于固溶强化作用使镁合金的抗拉强度、伸长率与普通金属型铸造成形相比提高幅度达51．6％和248．11％。     

消失模铸造AZ91镁合金组织及耐蚀性研究

通过采用金相分析、能谱分析、电子万能材料试验机、腐蚀失重法、极化测试及交流阻抗分析等手段,研究了消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为,并与普通砂型铸造及金属型铸造方法进行了比较.研究结果表明,消失模铸造镁合金组织除了粗大的α相与β相外,还出现了球状的Al-Mn-Fe三元相,造成消失铸造镁合金的力学性能及耐蚀性能低于砂型铸造及金属型铸造.本试验条件下,消失模铸造AZ91合金的抗拉强度及伸长率分别为135.6MPa与1.4%.失重法测得的消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的腐蚀速率为0.64 mg/(cm2·d),为金属型铸造的2.2倍.极化曲线及交流阻抗等电化学研究表明,铸造工艺对镁合金的腐蚀行为有明显影响,消失模铸造镁合金的自腐蚀电位较低,但自腐蚀电流密度较大,分别为-1.577V与1.39×10-5Amp/cm2.     

固溶时间对金属型铸造和粉末触变成形6061铝合金组织的影响

采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了在535℃下不同固溶时间对金属型铸造和粉末触变成形6061铝合金组织的影响。结果表明,粉末触变成形6061铝合金在535℃固溶处理3h后,共晶相充分固溶到α-Al基体内部,初生相颗粒与二次凝固区的颗粒通过合并长大。而金属型铸造6061铝合金经过6h固溶处理后,共晶相固溶完毕,与粉末触变成形相比,金属型铸造的固溶进程较慢。     

La对AZ91D镁合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

镁合金AZ91D中加入质量分数为1％的La时，合金在常温下的抗拉强度和延伸率分别增大了21％和101．2％，并且腐蚀速率下降为原AZ91D的47．2％．其中力学性能的提高主要是由于加入La后形成了（Al，Mg）11La3强化相，同时，细化了β相．耐蚀性的提高则是由于La的加入形成了具有类网状结构的β相，这种类网状结构的β相能有效地抑制腐蚀过程的进行，从而提高了镁合金的耐蚀性．当La加入量进一步增大时，合金力学性能缓慢增大，但其耐蚀性却明显降低，特别是当La达到2％时，合金的腐蚀速率甚至高于原合金的腐蚀速率．这主要是由于过多的La导致镁合金基体α相的Al含量大大降低，从而降低了镁合金的耐蚀性．     

微观组织对AZ系铸造镁合金的腐蚀行为影响研究

耐腐蚀性能的提升有助于轻量化镁合金材料的进一步广泛应用。本文以AZ41和AZ91两种铸造镁合金为研究对象，采用XRD、OM、SEM、EPMA等手段表征分析微观组织，利用EIS测试了两种Mg-Al-Zn合金在0.1 M的Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性能，结合宏微观腐蚀形貌探讨了微观组织对腐蚀行为的影响机制。研究结果表明，与AZ41合金相比，浸泡初期AZ91合金表面的氧化膜相对完整且化学稳定性更高，在腐蚀初期起到保护作用，AZ91合金浸泡初期的耐蚀性能优于AZ41合金；随浸泡时间延长，AZ41合金中连续网状的过饱和α-Mg+β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂共晶组织阻碍合金的腐蚀扩展；而AZ91合金中不连通的离异共晶β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相与α-Mg基体耦合，造成明显的局部腐蚀现象。     

固溶处理对粉末触变成形2024合金组织和性能的影响

采用粉末触变成形制备了2024合金,研究了固溶处理对其组织和力学性能的影响,并与金属型铸造2024合金进行了对比。结果表明,在485℃下进行固溶处理,触变成形合金组织发生了明显变化,而金属型铸造合金由于大量共晶相存在于树枝晶间,其组织演变比粉末触变成形合金的组织演变慢;与金属型铸造合金相比,粉末触变成形合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及伸长率分别提高了18.6%、20.9%和287.1%,而在485℃×4h固溶时,其力学性能达到了峰值,抗拉强度、屈服强度以及伸长率分别为333 MPa、278 MPa和16.5%。     

Mg-1Mn-1Zn镁合金的组织与腐蚀行为研究

采用金属型铸造制备Mg-1Mn-1Zn(wt％)三元合金,并将其挤压成棒材.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、浸泡试验法等研究了Mg-1Mn-Zn合金的微观组织及其在0.9％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金室温组织由树枝状的α-Mg相、非平衡共晶MgZn化合物相和脱溶析出的α-Mn相构成.热挤压使等轴晶粒沿挤压方向被拉长,呈现纤维状组织.Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金的平均腐蚀速率随时间增加逐渐降低.经过264 h浸泡后,挤压态Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金的平均腐蚀速率为0.44 mm/a,比铸态合金的低26.7％.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.