碳化硅木质陶瓷的研究进展

碳化硅(SiC)木质陶瓷是一种新型陶瓷材料.采用液相渗硅工艺制备的SiC木质陶瓷具有优异的力学性能,在结构陶瓷方面具有潜在的应用前景.概述了SiC木质陶瓷的研究进展.本文重点论述了SiC木质陶瓷的制备工艺、组成与结构及力学性能.分析了SiC木质陶瓷组成与密度对力学性能的影响,并与传统反应烧结法制各的SiC陶瓷的力学性能进行了对比,最后指出了提高SiC木质陶瓷的力学性能所必需解决的问题.     

微氧化对反应烧结碳化硅结构与性能的影响（英文）

以短切碳纤维为增强体,采用注浆成型和熔融硅渗透法制备了短纤维增强反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷,研究了微氧化对反应烧结碳化硅复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:1 100℃微氧化处理,使反应烧结碳化硅复合材料表面形成了致密氧化硅薄膜,表面游离硅升华,同时,短纤维体积明显增加。微氧化处理使二氧化硅薄膜晶化产生方石英相,且方石英相含量随短纤维含量的增加而减少。微氧化产生的氧化硅薄膜能弥合材料表面微缺陷,当短纤维体积分数为30%时,反应烧结碳化硅的断裂韧性增加到5.8 MPa·m~(0.5)。     

反应烧结工艺对碳化硅陶瓷微结构及性能的影响

研究了脱胶温度、加硅量、升温速率及重烧次数对反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷金相组织、体积密度、力学性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明:经800℃脱胶,硅与碳化硅生坯的质量比为0.9∶1,升温速率为1.0 ℃/min时,反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷产品的性能最好,体积密度为3.09 g/cm3,维氏硬度为26.82 GPa,弯曲强度为388 MPa,断裂韧性为4.49MPa·m1/2.对渗硅不充分的不合格品进行重烧可以有效提高产品的致密度和力学性能,但是,重烧次数过多会引起晶粒粗化,从而导致力学性能下降.     

层压成型工艺制备近净成型反应烧结碳化硅材料的研究

采用层压成型工艺制备反应烧结碳化硅,其主要工艺步骤包括原材料料片的制备、层压成型、炭化及熔渗四步。材料在热压、炭化及熔渗后尺寸变化率分别为1.13%、1.65%与0.70%。碳化后得到的多孔体具有均匀的孔径分布,其中值孔径为0.23μm。制备的反应烧结碳化硅材料弯曲强度为269±23 MPa,弯曲模量为231±9 GPa,密度为3.016±0.003g/cm3,孔隙率为2.05±0.38%,实现了近净成型法制备高强度反应烧结碳化硅材料。     

反应烧结碳化硅高温性能的研究进展

反应烧结碳化硅具有优良的力学性能、抗侵蚀性能和抗氧化性能等优点,是一种高致密度、低成本和净尺寸成型的材料.但由于反应烧结法的特殊工艺,反应烧结碳化硅中常含有较多游离硅,严重损害了材料的高温性能.主要阐述了反应烧结碳化硅高温力学性能、抗氧化性能、导热性能和抗热震性能的研究现状,并总结了近年来降低游离硅含量、提高反应烧结碳...     

注浆成型碳化硅陶瓷材料成型工艺研究

碳化硅陶瓷材料是共价键极强的耐高温新型陶瓷，具备优良的综合物理化学性能，近年来已广泛应用于高新技术领域。本文采用注浆成型工艺制备高固含量低粘度碳化硅陶瓷，分析了注浆成型碳化硅陶瓷的工艺过程，粉体包覆改性，浆料制备，注浆素坯成型。为注浆成型碳化硅陶瓷相关研究提供一定的理论参考。     

反应烧结制备SiC陶瓷的研究进展

介绍了传统烧结、Hucke工艺和反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备工艺,总结了3种烧结机理,讨论了成形工艺、氧化、素坯密度、真空热处理温度等几种因素对反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响,最后对反应烧结碳化硅存在的问题和今后的发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

成型工艺对反应烧结SiC材料性能的影响

本文研究了不同成型工艺对反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷材料的素坯及烧结体的显微结构、力学性能的影响。研究发现：用原位凝固工艺获得的素坯比用干压和注浆成型的素坯孔径分布更加均匀、具有单峰性,孔洞形状规则。干压和注浆成型的烧结体中有大块残C与残余Si,原位凝固工艺的烧结体则无此缺陷,且具有更好的力学性能。     

注浆成型工艺制备高耐磨氧化铝陶瓷

以氧化铝粉末为原料,采用注浆成型工艺制备高耐磨氧化铝陶瓷.采用正交设计的方法来优化胶态成型工艺参数,聚丙烯酸的加入量(质量分数)为1.0%,球磨时间为10h,pH值为11时浆料可达到最大的沉降高度.利用最佳注浆成型工艺,1 200℃烧结1 h和1 540℃烧结2h制备的氧化铝陶瓷结构致密,晶粒大小均匀,微孔较小,体积密度为3.86 g/cm3,硬度为11.02GPa,断裂韧性为3.31 MPa·m1/2.氧化铝陶瓷烧结体的摩擦实验结果表明:在水润滑条件下的摩擦系数比在干摩擦时小得多,磨损量则较大.利用扫描电镜对于摩擦和水润滑条件下磨损实验后的氧化铝陶瓷的微观形貌进行了分析,发现在干摩擦条件下,主要是黏着脆性磨损;在水润滑条件下,主要是化学腐蚀磨损.     

碳化硅/石墨复合陶瓷密封材料的显微结构与性能

以碳化硅微粉为原料、石墨为固体润滑添加剂,采用无压烧结技术制备碳化硅/石墨复合陶瓷密封材料,研究了石墨添加量对复合陶瓷密封材料烧结性能、显微结构、力学性能和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,加入的石墨能以片状颗粒形态均匀分布在碳化硅陶瓷基体中;随着石墨添加量增加,复合陶瓷密封材料的体积密度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、断裂韧性、硬度均逐渐降低,但干、湿静摩擦系数则随之减小;当石墨添加量达到20%(质量分数)时,复合陶瓷的相对密度仅为90.6%,弯曲强度降至189 MPa,弹性模量降至295 GPa,断裂韧性为1.82 MPa·m1/2,Vickers硬度为19.2 GPa,而干、湿摩擦系数则分别减小到0.14和0.10。综合考虑复合陶瓷的力学性能和摩擦性能,石墨添加量控制在10%~15%之间为宜。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.