内压对薄壁铝合金管材充液压弯过程的影响

采用实验和数值模拟研究5A02铝合金薄壁管材充液压弯成形过程中内压对缺陷的影响规律,分析内压对弯曲内侧起皱、截面畸变及壁厚分布的影响,获得壁厚变化规律;通过数值模拟给出的应力状态,揭示缺陷形成机制。结果表明:提高内压能降低轴向压应力的绝对值,减小失稳起皱趋势,当内压超过一个临界值时,皱纹完全消除。对于直径为63 mm、壁厚为1 mm的5A02-O铝合金管材,其内压临界值为2.8 MPa。充液有效地减小截面畸变程度,随内压的增大,截面畸变程度逐渐减小。弯曲后,壁厚最大减薄点位于弯曲外侧点,且随内压的增大,轴向和环向拉应力均呈增大趋势,弯曲外侧壁厚度减薄的趋势也增大。     

基于有限元模拟的管材剪切弯曲工艺分析

管材剪切弯曲能够实现普通冷弯方法不能达到的超小半径弯曲,是一项较为可行的技术。针对管材剪切弯曲成形的受力与变形特点,应用塑性有限元方法研究了剪切弯曲主要工艺参数对成形后管材壁厚变化及截面椭圆度的影响,分析了变形区不同位置椭圆度及壁厚的减薄情况。研究表明:t/D越大,壁厚减薄及截面椭圆度越大;而随着R/D的增大,截面椭圆度有减小的趋势,但壁厚减薄不明显。     

间隙对0Cr21Ni6Mn9N不锈钢管材数控弯曲截面质量的影响

基于ABAQUS/Explicit,建立了0Cr21Ni6Mn9N(21-6-9)不锈钢管材数控弯曲成形的三维弹塑性有限元模型,模拟分析了管模间隙对管材弯曲成形截面质量的影响规律。结果表明:壁厚减薄和截面畸变程度在中间部位严重,在弯曲平面和初始弯曲平面附近较小;随着芯棒与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率减小,截面畸变程度先减小后增大;随着弯曲模与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率和截面畸变程度增大;随着防皱块与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率和截面畸变程度先减小后基本不变;压块与管材间隙对弯管截面质量的影响不显著。     

芯模参数对高强度薄壁管数控弯曲成形质量的影响

薄壁管数控弯曲成形中的柔性芯模是影响薄壁管成形质量的关键因素。利用有限元分析软件Dynaform建立了高强度薄壁管数控弯曲过程的有限元模型,并对其可靠性进行实验验证。研究了芯棒与管材间隙、球芯棒个数、球芯棒与管材间隙、芯棒与管材摩擦条件等芯模参数对高强度薄壁管数控弯曲过程中壁厚变化和截面畸变的影响规律。结果表明:随着芯棒与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率减小,截面畸变率增大不明显,芯棒与管材间隙主要影响管材弯曲结束位置;随着球芯棒个数的增加,壁厚减薄率增大,截面畸变程度减小;随着球芯棒与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率减小,截面畸变率增大;芯棒与管材内壁的摩擦越小,越有利于降低壁厚减薄率。     

几何参数对变弹性模量条件下21-6-9管绕弯成形质量的影响

基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,首先计算和分析了在变弹性模量和常弹性模量条件下的21-6-9高强不锈钢管绕弯成形过程,并将两种情况下的模拟结果与实验结果进行对比验证,发现采用变弹性模量可使截面畸变率和壁厚减薄率的预测精度分别提高31. 8%和11. 8%。然后在变弹性模量条件下研究了几何参数对管材绕弯成形截面畸变和壁厚减薄的影响。结果表明,当弯曲角不大于45°时,截面畸变率曲线和壁厚减薄率曲线均呈抛物线状;当弯曲角大于45°时,截面畸变率从弯曲平面到初始弯曲平面的分布呈先快速增加,后缓慢减小,再缓慢增加,最后急剧减小的特征;壁厚减薄率从弯曲平面到初始弯曲平面的分布呈先急剧增加,后趋于稳定,最后急剧减小的特征。截面畸变率和壁厚减薄率随相对弯曲半径的减小而增加,相对弯曲半径以不小于2. 0为宜;截面畸变率随管材壁厚的减小,直径的增加或直径和壁厚的等比例增加而增加;壁厚减薄率随管材壁厚的增加先增加后减小,随管材直径的增加或直径和壁厚的等比例增加而减小。     

内压与相对壁厚对薄壁管材弯曲成形的影响

针对薄壁管材弯曲成形中出现外壁拉裂、内壁起皱及截面畸变等成形缺陷,借助有限元数值模拟,研究了不同内胀压力下的成形效果和相同内压、不同相对壁厚对成形的影响规律。并在使用聚氨酯填料作为传力介质的条件下,采用内胀冷推弯工艺方法成形规格为Φ50 mm×1 mm和Φ50 mm×1. 5 mm的LF2M薄壁管材。结果表明:内压的增加能有效消除截面畸变缺陷,同时外侧壁厚减薄趋势增大;相对壁厚增加,则壁厚减薄降低,截面畸变趋势增加,所需成形内压更大。对薄壁铝合金管材进行弯曲成形试验,实际成形效果与模拟结果较为吻合。     

管材弯曲有限元仿真分析及试验研究

利用有限元仿真分析方法对管材弯曲成形过程进行数值模拟,指出了弯曲过程中开裂、起皱、截面畸变等缺陷,分析了弯曲区域内管材壁厚变化规律.在此基础上进行工艺试验,并对试验后管材壁厚进行分析.试验结果与仿真分析结果吻合良好,两者均表明,弯曲过程中,弯角外侧管壁肇厚减薄,弯角内侧管壁壁厚增加,最大减薄和最大增厚均处于弯角中间部位.管材弯曲过程中,弯角外侧平均壁厚应变ε_t随着相对弯曲半径R/to的增大而减小;当R/to过小时,管壁外侧会过渡减薄,甚至破裂.     

低碳钢/铝合金双层管充液弯曲变形规律

为解决传统技术无法制造大径厚比、小弯曲半径铝合金薄壁弯管的难题,提出采用双层管充液弯曲新方法。运用数值模拟研究厚度比和内压对低碳钢/铝合金双层管充液弯曲过程中起皱行为和壁厚分布的影响。结果表明,随着厚度比的增加,起皱的现象得到缓解直至消除,内层弯管外侧减薄率逐渐减小,壁厚分布更为均匀;随着内压的增加,起皱现象逐渐延缓,内层管壁厚最大减薄率增加,因此增加厚度比和内压均有助于提高双层管弯曲成形的稳定性。通过实验成功研制出径厚比为63的铝合金薄壁弯管件,外侧最大减薄率为24%。     

轿车副车架内高压成形

用内高压成形技术在国内首次成功地试制出全尺寸轿车副车架样件,经检测尺寸满足设计要求。通过合理的弯曲工艺,避免了角部过度减薄引起内高压成形过程中开裂。采用典型截面二维数值模拟和整体零件三维数值模拟相结合的方法,给出了合理的预成形坯形状,控制壁厚分布和避免终成形合模时在分模面上管材被压出。通过该零件研制,基本掌握用内高压成形制造副车架的关键技术。     

管端约束对薄壁铝合金管材充液弯曲的影响(英文)

对薄壁铝合金管材的充液弯曲进行数值模拟与实验研究;讨论内压与管端约束对成形结果的影响;分析在管端约束的情况下充液弯曲过程中管材典型点的应力状态。结果表明:在充液内压较高的情况下,管材内侧的起皱现象得到减轻;但是,当内压超过管材发生塑性变形的内压时,管材会在弯曲合模过程中被挤出型腔。由于管端约束而产生的拉应力抵消了弯曲过程中内侧的压应力,管端约束情况下弯曲质量更好。     

双层管内压弯曲过程轴向应力分析

双层管内压弯曲方法为获得大直径超薄弯管提供了可行的途径,文章对该方法避免内层管起皱的机理进行研究。内压在双层管轴向产生的附加拉应力,可降低弯曲内侧轴向压应力,有助于预防起皱。采用弹性理论,得到双层直管状态下附加轴向拉应力表达式,并对理论模型进行验证。通过数值模拟,分析了弯曲过程中支撑内压、外层管厚度,对内层超薄管起皱和轴向应力的影响规律。理论分析结果表明,双层管极限支撑内压,会随外层壁厚的增加而显著提高,因此对于厚度比较大的双层管,可以通过采用较大的支撑内压,提高附加轴向拉应力的方法避免起皱。模拟结果表明,随着外层管厚度增加,外层管弯曲时不易发生失稳起皱,同时弯管内侧轴向压应力绝对值降低。支撑内压越高,内外层界面贴合越紧密,内层管在承受轴向压应力时,其稳定性越高。     

薄壁钢管内胀推弯成形数值模拟及实验研究

针对薄壁管材弯曲成形过程中内壁起皱、外壁拉裂等成形缺陷,采用内胀推弯工艺成形规格为Φ30mm×0.3mm的1Cr18Ni9Ti薄壁管材。有限元模拟了不同内胀压力下,薄壁管成形性能和壁厚分布,并进行了实验研究。结果表明,该工艺可以很好的解决内壁起皱、外壁拉裂等成形缺陷,对生产实践具有一定的指导意义。     

内压对Y型三通管内高压成形影响研究

利用数值模拟对Y型三通管内高压成形过程进行了研究,研究了87MPa～145MPa范围内5条不同内压的加载路径的成形过程,分析了过渡区内凹、支管高度不足等缺陷产生的原因和内压为116MPa时零件成形过程中典型位置的壁厚变化,以及内压对零件壁厚分布的影响。数值模拟结果表明,106MPa～126MPa为成形Y型三通管合适的压力区间,但不同内压成形的零件最小壁厚不同。     

弯曲速度对弯管壁厚变化的影响

采用不同弯曲速度对5A06和1Cr18NiTi管进行了旋转弯曲试验和有限元模拟。分析后指出,弯曲速度对弯曲内侧管壁变形影响较大,弯曲内侧切向应力、应变及管壁增厚率均随弯曲速度增大而增大。同时,内侧管壁增厚对弯曲速度的敏感性具有随原始壁厚的增大而减小的变化趋势。薄壁管在过大弯曲速度下成形时,内侧因材料流动受阻滞易发生失稳起皱。     

Mechanism of improvement of formability in pulsating hydroforming of tubes

The mechanism of improvement of formability by the oscillation of internal pressure in a pulsating hydroforming process of tubes was examined. Free bulging hydroforming experiments of mild steel tubes under oscillating and constant inner pressures were performed. For a high constant pressure, a round bulge with local thinning was observed, whereas wrinkling occurred for a low constant pressure. The occurrence of these defects was prevented by oscillating the internal pressure in the pulsating hydroforming. In the pulsating hydroforming, a uniform expansion in the bulging region was obtained, and thus the formability was improved by preventing the local thinning. It was found from an observation of deformation behaviour, using a video camera, that the tube is uniformly expanded by repeating the appearance and disappearance of small wrinkling. The cause of the uniform expansion for the pulsating hydroforming was also interpreted from the variation of stress components. In addition, a similar deference in deformation behaviour between the oscillating and constant inner pressures was also obtained in finite element simulation.     

Numerical and experimental study on in-plane bending of microchannel aluminum flat tube

Microchannel aluminum flat tubes have attracted more and more attention in recent years, especially in ACR (air conditioning and refrigeration) industry. Rotary-draw bending is a versatile and precise method in forming of tubes. Compared with traditional out-of-plane bending method, in-plane bending can cause different forming defects. During the process, wall thinning, sectional distortion, wrinkling, and channel shape degradation are the main defects that affect tube quality in industrial applications. In this paper, an experimental apparatus for flat tube in-plane bending is manufactured, and experiments are performed to examine the forming quality of tubes. Considering the characteristics of the bending process, based on the LS-DYNA software environment, a 3D elastic–plastic finite element model is established and validated by experiment. Using the validated FE model, the forming quality of microchannel flat tube bending process is evaluated quantitively. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of process parameters, such as bending radius, tool–tube clearance, and channel diameter, has been revealed. The results indicate that the degradation of the tube channels is relatively small under common process conditions; bending radius is the main factor which influences the forming quality of the flat tube; the tool–tube clearance mainly affects the wrinkling of the flat tubes; channel diameter has little effect on the formability of tube.     

管材三维无芯弯曲过程有限元模拟

建立了管材三维弯曲成形有限元模型,对管材弯曲成形过程进行模拟,分析了管材弯曲过程中应力、应变分布情况,探讨了弯曲角速度对管材成形过程的影响。结果表明,管材弯曲过程中,弯角外侧管壁壁厚减薄,弯角内侧管壁壁厚增大。弯曲角速度越大,管材内外侧壁厚变化越大,越容易发生拉裂、起皱等畸变。     

小半径薄壁管材内胀推弯成形制造工艺研究

针对薄壁小半径弯曲管生产过程中易出现的变薄、断裂、起皱等难点,运用中性层偏移理论对弯管受力与变形特点进行分析,采用内胀推弯的工艺生产1Cr18Ni9Ti薄壁小半径弯曲管,并对生产原理、工艺、模具设计作了介绍.实践结果表明,该工艺很好地解决了小半径弯管外壁减薄、断裂等问题,对生产实际具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值.     

Analysis of wrinkling limit of rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular tube

The rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular tube of aluminum alloy may produce a wrinkling phenomenon if processing parameters are inappropriate, especially for tubes with thin wall and small bending radius. To predict this wrinkling rule rapidly and accurately, here, a wrinkling wave function was proposed and a wrinkling prediction model was developed based on the deformation theory of plasticity combined with the energy method, and then the minimum bending radius without the occurrence of wrinkling in the process was obtained. Furthermore, the effects of geometrical parameters and the material properties of the tube on the minimum bending radius were analyzed. The results show that larger thickness-to-width ratio (t/b) and thickness-to-height ratio (t/h) are beneficial to improve the wrinkling limit of the tube. The minimum bending radius becomes smaller with an increase in strain-hardening exponent of the tube, whereas with the strength coefficient decreasing. And the Young's modulus has little effect on the wrinkling limit. These achievements are helpful to develop the bending technique and provide a guideline in rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy tube.