Plane wave propagation in a uniaxial bianisotropic medium with an application to a polarization transformer

Uniaxial bianisotropic medium is a generalization of the well-studied bi-isotropic and chiral media. It is obtained, for example, when microscopic helices with parallel axes are positioned in a host dielectric in random locations. Plane wave propagation in such a medium is studied and a simple solution for the dispersion equation and for the eigenwaves are found. As a numerical example, polarization properties of a transverse wave propagating in a uniaxial bianisotropic medium is considered. The results give a simple possibility to construct a polarization transformer with a transversely uniaxial chiral medium for changing the polarization of a propagating plane wave.     

Uniaxial chiral quarter-wave polarisation transformer

The uniaxial chiral medium is a generalisation of the well-studied isotropic chiral media. It is obtained when microscopic helices with parallel axes are positioned in a host dielectric in random locations. Solutions for the dispersion equation and for the eigenwaves for a uniaxial chiral medium were recently found. Here the authors consider the polarisation properties of a transverse wave propagating through a uniaxial chiral slab. The results give a simple possibility for constructing a polarisation transformer for changing the polarisation of a propagating plane wave.<>     

Plane-wave reflection from uniaxial chiral interface and itsapplication to polarization transformation

Plane-wave reflection and transmission in a planar interface between air and an axially chiral uniaxial medium whose axis is parallel to the interface is considered in the present study. By finding the reflection dyadic and its eigensolutions, we demonstrate that by dimensioning the uniaxial medium in a proper way, it is possible to make a reflection-transforming reflecting surface. The surface is able to transform the incident linear polarization into any other polarization with chosen axial ratio and handedness, and the reflected polarization can be continuously adjusted by rotating the surface around its normal direction. The reflected power is seen to be independent of the polarization of the reflected wave     

Plane wave propagation in uniaxial bianisotropic medium

The uniaxial bianisotropic medium is a generalisation of the bi-isotropic and chiral media which recently have been subject to intensive research. Such a medium results, for example, when microscopic helices with parallel axes are positioned in a host dielectric in random locations. Plane wave propagation in such a medium is studied and a simple solution for the dispersion equation is found. Numerical examples for the wave number surfaces of the medium are given.<>     

多层单轴手征类复合材料中的双重手征结构和特性

应用广义谱域指数矩阵技术，研究具有双重手征性结构的多层单轴复合手征介质层对任意极化入射平面电磁波的反射和透射特性。用数值方法分析了光轴取向、损耗、手征和非互易参数对反射和透射系数的影响。特别是交叉极化转换效应。结果表明，双各向异性单轴手征介质在新型模式极化转换器的研制等方面有重要的应用价值。     

Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves on the interface of uniaxial chiral media

The reflection and transmission properties of plane waves on the interface of uniaxial chiral media with the optical axis parallel to the interface are investigated. The formulas of the reflected and transmitted power are derived. The curves of the group refractive angles, power of the reflected and transmitted waves for TE and TM incident waves are presented for three cases of dielectric constant combinations and for non-chiral, weak chiral and strong chiral media. Some new results are obtained, which are different from those in the uniaxial chiral media with the optical axis per-pendicular to the interface.     

手征Ω介质偶极子天线研究

本文首先探讨了用手征Ω介质作为微带天线基片的可能性。应用广义谱域指数矩阵方法,分析了单层和双层手征Ω介质中所有Ω单元的三种不同取向对偶极子天线辐射特性的影响,以及偶极子方向图随手征Ω介质损耗正切的变化情况。     

Green dyadic for a uniaxial bianisotropic medium

An explicit expression for the Green dyadic corresponding to the axially chiral reciprocal uniaxial bianisotropic medium is derived through dyadic analysis with no recourse to Fourier transformations. The result is a generalization of the Green dyadic corresponding to the uniaxial anisotropic medium, which has been known for decades. As a verification, expressions for the field due to an axial dipole are derived and compared to those derived recently through other methods. The medium under study can be realized by laying axially parallel metal helixes in random locations in a host material. Such a medium has recently been shown to possess important polarization-transforming properties     

Electromagnetic properties of nonreciprocal compositechiral-ferrite media

The theoretical properties of a composite chiral-ferrite medium are developed, The composite is constructed from a general chiral medium and a nonreciprocal ferrite medium. Application of the reaction theorem allows proof of nonreciprocity based on the constitutive relationships. Vector Helmholtz E- and H-field equations are derived, and from these equations reciprocal space Green's function dyadics are found. The direct space dyadics are then determined. Characteristic dispersion equations are found from the sourceless vector phasor Helmholtz equations. E-field polarization is obtained by projecting the E-field vector onto the polarization plane selected. Diagonalization of the elliptic equation through coordinate rotation allows major and minor axis determination     

低温下手性糖类的太赫兹吸收光谱和手性光谱

糖类是典型的手性物质,其在太赫兹波段的手性光谱尚未得到充分研究。本文研究了乳糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖3种糖类在低温和常温下的折射率和吸收谱,并通过太赫兹时域偏振光谱检测,获得了这些样品的手性光谱。实验结果显示,糖类吸收会随着温度降低而减弱,低温下有利于获得样品的手性特征;在80 K温度下,葡萄糖在1.3~1.5 THz频段表现出很强的圆二色性(CD),在1.39 THz处CD谱峰值达到44.97%;在1.6~1.8 THz频段内,3种糖类都具有特定的手性特征峰,CD值均超过20%。研究结果对进一步认识手性生化样品在太赫兹波段的手性光谱及其内在机制具有重要参考价值。     

Equivalent circuit representation of anisotropic media and chiral media and its application in polarization transformations

This work presents a new viewpoint to study polarization transformations. This concept is more convenient when dealing with polarization transformation problems in multiple layers. The anisotropic medium and the chiral medium can be regarded as circuit elements. Specifically, we show that anisotropic media can be seen as transformers and chiral media as transmission lines. Once the equivalent circuits are determined, the microwave network theory can be used to investigate the polarization transformation. An example is used to demonstrate the transformation from the horizontally polarized wave to the circularly polarized wave employing the equivalent circuit concept.     

用FDTD算法模拟电磁波在各向异性媒质中的传播

本文用时域有限差分（FDTD）法计算并模拟电磁（光）波在各向异性媒质中的传播。为了验证方法的有效性，以负单轴晶体为例进行了大量的数值计算，从所得结果看，双折射和极化分束现象清且与解析图解法的结果相吻合，此法确可推广应用于普遍的各向异性媒质中电磁波的传播问题。     

Optical Characteristics of Stretchable Chiral Liquid Crystal Elastomer under Multiaxial Stretching

Chiral liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) are soft photonic materials that exhibit both the photonic characteristics of nanoscale periodic helical structures and mechanical properties of rubber. Owing to its elasticity, the structural color of CLCEs can be tuned through mechanical deformations known as mechanochromism. Thus far, there is significant research attention to exploring the mechanochromism of CLCEs. However, most studies have only discussed the color shifting of CLCEs under uniaxial deformation. Therefore, the optical and chiral structural deformation behaviors of CLCEs under multiaxial stress are not well understood. This study investigates multiaxial (uniaxial, biaxial, and out-of-plane) stretching-induced helical structure change and the resulting optical properties of CLCEs. The results confirm that uniaxial stretching leads to a loss of intrinsic circular polarization selectivity in CLCEs due to helix unwinding deformations, while biaxial and out-of-plane stretching maintain circular polarization.     

Evaluation of the radar cross section of circular microstrippatches on anisotropic and chiral substrates

Galerkin's method in the Hankel transform domain (HTD) is applied to the determination of the radar cross section (RCS) of a circular microstrip patch printed on a substrate which may be an uniaxial anisotropic dielectric, a magnetized ferrite, or a chiral material. The results obtained for circular patches on magnetized ferrites show that the RCS of these patches can be substantially reduced in a tunable frequency band when a bias magnetic field is applied. It is also shown that the results obtained for the RCS of circular patches printed on chiral materials can be substantially different from those obtained when substrate chirality is ignored     

Reflection and transmission of plane electromagnetic waves in uniaxial bianisotropic materials

Electromagnetic waves in the most general linear reciprocal uniaxial media are considered. The theory is appropriate for novel reciprocal microwave materials which have properties of chiral composites and omega structures (or both) and can be modeled by uniaxial bianisotropic constitutive relations. Field coupling terms in the media equations are assumed to be the most general uniaxial dyadics with symmetric and antisymmetric components. Plane eigenwaves in unbounded media are studied and the theory of reflection and transmission in plane layers is constructed.     

Wave reflections from a conducting surface with a moving uniaxial sheath

The behavior of a plane wave incident from an isotropic medium onto a perfectly conducting plane covered with a moving uniaxial sheath is studied in detail. The governing equations are formulated by making use of the transformed constitutive relations of the moving sheath viewed as a stationary bianisotropic medium. The dispersion equations for the ordinary and extraordinary components of the wavenumber in the moving sheath are then obtained. Complete field expressions for both the reflected wave and the wave in the moving medium are given in terms of the longitudinal field components of the incident wave for an arbitrary orientation of the plane of incidence and an arbitrary angle of incidence. Several special cases are considered and some interesting numerical results are presented in graphical form.     

The electric quadrupole contribution to the circular birefringenceof nonmagnetic anisotropic chiral media: a circular waveguide experiment

Constitutive relations which include electric quadrupole terms, in addition to electric and magnetic dipole terms, are used to describe the “optical activity”, in particular the circular birefringence, of an anisotropic chiral medium which is nonmagnetic. The resulting permittivity and chirality tensors are then used to predict the rotation of the polarization plane of a linearly polarized wave propagating in a circular waveguide filled with the medium. The numerical predictions were tested by measurements between 2.4 and 4 GHz on a 2 m long artificial crystal in a circular waveguide and it was found that the rotation of the polarization was within 13% of the predicted value-good agreement after considering the possible sources of error. It is thus established that the effect of electric quadrupoles must be included when modeling the optical activity of anisotropic chiral media in the long wavelength regime. The anisotropic chiral media which are dealt with here can be classified according to the crystallographic point groups to which they belong, and they may therefore also be considered to be artificial crystals     

Input impedance of a small loop of uniform electric current in an anisotropic cold plasma

The impedance of a small loop of uniform electric current immersed in a magnetoionic medium is studied for the case of a steady magnetic field normal to the plane of the loop. The quasistatic input impedance is calculated, and a first-order correction term is obtained. The impedance in a uniaxial medium is also given.     

时域有限面积法解手征介质涂层导体柱的电磁散射

本文将时域有限面积法推广应用于研究任意截面复合手征介质涂层导体柱的电磁散射问题,建立了数值求解复合手征介质问题的时域基本方程.本文使用正交贴体计算网格,并选用适合正交曲线坐标系的二阶精度吸收边界条件,提高了计算精度.对典型的复合手征介质涂层导体柱的RCS计算表明,数值计算结果与级数解相吻合.     

二维fBm分形分层介质粗糙面电磁波透射特征研究

该文运用微扰法研究了平面波入射分层介质粗糙面的电磁波透射问题,推导出不同极化状态的透射波散射系数公式。采用二维fBm分形粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面,结合其功率谱导出了平面波入射时的透射系数计算公式。通过数值计算得到了HH极化状态下二维fBm分形分层介质粗糙面透射系数随透射波的散射角变化的曲线,分形特征、基本特征、随频率变化的特征。结果表明分维、底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射波频率对透射系数的影响是非常复杂的。