A Parametric Study of Microwave Reflection Characteristics of a Planar Achiral-Chiral Interface

The microwave reflection characteristics of a planar achiral-chiral interface have been examined by setting the transmitted EM field in the chiral half-space in terms of left and right circularly polarized waves. The reflected field in the achiral half-space is seen to be circularly polarized. From the numerical data presented it is concluded that by utilizing refracting media with chiral microgeometries an increase or a decrease in the reflected power can be effected. Conceivably, therefore, such materials can be tailor-made to suit specific requirements, such as in the design of anechoic chambers.     

Plane-wave reflection from uniaxial chiral interface and itsapplication to polarization transformation

Plane-wave reflection and transmission in a planar interface between air and an axially chiral uniaxial medium whose axis is parallel to the interface is considered in the present study. By finding the reflection dyadic and its eigensolutions, we demonstrate that by dimensioning the uniaxial medium in a proper way, it is possible to make a reflection-transforming reflecting surface. The surface is able to transform the incident linear polarization into any other polarization with chosen axial ratio and handedness, and the reflected polarization can be continuously adjusted by rotating the surface around its normal direction. The reflected power is seen to be independent of the polarization of the reflected wave     

A vector model of wave propagation through an interface of dissipative media

The possibility of solution of the problem of wave propagation through an interface of two dissipative media with the help of a trigonometric vector model is shown. Two invariants independent of the dissipation of these media are revealed: (i) the sum of projections of vectors of reflected and transmitted waves onto the polar axis, which is equal to the projection of the vector of the incident wave onto the same axis, and (ii) the sum of projections of vectors of these waves onto the normal to the polar axis, which is equal to zero.     

Reflection and transmission of guided electromagnetic waves at anair-chiral interface and at a chiral slab in a parallel-plate waveguide

Recently, the concept of chirowaveguides, which exhibit some novel and interesting properties due to electromagnetic chirality, was introduced and studied elsewhere. In this paper, the authors analyze theoretically another problem associated with chirowaveguides, namely, the problem of reflection and transmission of guided waves at an air-chiral interface and at a chiral slab located transversely in a parallel-plate waveguide. The notable features and the role of chirality of the medium on the reflected and transmitted guided waves are discussed, and physical insights into these results are provided. It is found that since the guided modes inside the chiral region of the waveguide are hybrid, in order to satisfy the boundary conditions at interfaces, the reflected and transmitted guided modes in the air regions of the waveguides need to be of TE and TM modes. The motivation behind this study is the potential applications of this problem to the design of novel measurement techniques for determining material parameters of chiral composites     

Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic plane waves from an uniaxial chiro-omega slab

Chiro-omega medium is a combination of the reciprocal chiral and omega media, and can be obtained by mixing helical and Ω — shaped wire elements in the host medium. In this article the most general uniaxial chiro-omega medium is studied. The solutions for the dispersion equations and corresponding eigenwaves are derived. Transmission and reflection properties of a chiro-omega slab at a normal incidence are studied, and the polarization, direction of the polarization ellipse, and relative powers of transmitted and reflected waves are given. The results are applied to find suitable parameters for designing a polarization transformer. These results are compared with those obtained in earlier studies on wave propagation in a free uniaxial chiral space, where the effect of the boundaries of a proposed polarization transforming device have been neglected.     

Uniaxial IB-Medium Interface and Novel Boundary Conditions

The class of uniaxial electromagnetic IB media involving five medium parameters is defined as a special case of the previously defined class of general IB media (or skewon-axion media) involving 16 parameters. The problem of plane-wave reflection from and transmission through the interface of a uniaxial IB-medium half space is analyzed. It is shown that, for general values of the medium parameters, waves polarized TE and TM with respect to the normal direction are reflected as from the respective PEC and PMC boundaries. Unlike the anisotropic soft-and-hard surface which has a somewhat similar property, the uniaxial IB interface is isotropic in the plane of the interface. As a consequence, a novel class of electromagnetic boundaries can be defined for general fields requiring vanishing of the normal components of both D and B vectors at the boundary. Another realization of such a boundary in terms of an anisotropic metamaterial with zero axial permittivity and permeability is discussed.     

Slant Dielectric Interface Discontinuity in a Waveguide (Short Papers)

The reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a slant interface between two dielectric media is investigated. By using suitable Green's functions and a geometrical optics approximation for the field on the dielectric interface, expressions for the transmitted and reflected fields are derived. The approximate results obtained in this manner are compared with the available numerical data and are shown to be fairly accurate for a number of cases of interest.     

二维各向异性随机介质内光波模式的特性研究

通过建立能够描述各向异性介电常数变化情况的二维随机介质模型,利用时域有限差分法联立求解随机介质中光波所满足的Maxwell方程和激光速率方程,研究了各向异性散射增益材料中的随机激光辐射现象。结果表明随机介质中各向异性散射颗粒的无序程度由空间位置无序和空间方向无序共同决定,空间方向的无序能够加强随机激射的辐射。同时存在两种无序机制的随机介质,在相同条件下它的随机辐射行为要强于仅存在一种无序机制的随机介质。研究结果对于研制新型各向异性随机介质材料具有指导作用。     

Reflection and transmission of plane electromagnetic waves in uniaxial bianisotropic materials

Electromagnetic waves in the most general linear reciprocal uniaxial media are considered. The theory is appropriate for novel reciprocal microwave materials which have properties of chiral composites and omega structures (or both) and can be modeled by uniaxial bianisotropic constitutive relations. Field coupling terms in the media equations are assumed to be the most general uniaxial dyadics with symmetric and antisymmetric components. Plane eigenwaves in unbounded media are studied and the theory of reflection and transmission in plane layers is constructed.     

各向异性材料包层光纤Bragg光栅的反射谱

应用数值解法对包层为单轴晶体材料且其光轴平行于光纤轴的光纤功率限制因子进行了理论模拟,并从模式特性出发解释了kcl对该类光纤Bragg光栅的反射率的影响.计算结果表明:对于HE11模,各向同性材料包层光纤中的能量比单轴晶体材料包层光纤中的能量更容易集中在纤芯中传输,而且集中程度与kcl的取值有关;各向异性材料包层比各向同性材料包层的光纤Bragg光栅的反射率要高;此类光纤Bragg光栅的反射率主要是由光纤纤芯和包层中能量分布决定的.     

Analysis of coaxial waveguide partially filled with chiral media

In this paper, the canonical problem of coaxial waveguide partially filled with chiral media is analyzed by a new equivalent transmission line network method. Both radial transmission lines in the cross section and multi-mode transmission lines in the longitudinal direction are introduced. The symmetrical properties of the structure are also discussed. Therefore, this method brings a clear physical picture into the wave propagation phenomena. Based on the analysis, the notable features and the role of the chirality parameter of the medium on the reflected and transmitted guided waves are discussed.     

腔体为单轴晶体的F-P滤光片光学性质仿真研究

为了计算腔体为单轴晶体的F-P滤光片的光学性质,采用理论分析的方法,对垂直入射到光轴在入射面内的单层单轴晶体薄膜的寻常光与非寻常光在两界面处的电磁场量的边界条件和薄膜两界面处电场量的相位关系进行了分析,得到了单层晶体薄膜反射率与透射率的计算方法,并将其应用于腔体为单轴晶体的F-P滤光片光学特性的仿真,取得了滤光片透射率随光轴方向变化的数据。结果表明,光轴旋转角对F-P滤光片的透射峰有明显影响。     

FDTD modeling of scatterers in stratified media

The FDTD technique is well suited for calculating the fields scattered by buried objects when the sources are close enough to the air/ground interface so that they can be incorporated into the solution space. Difficulties arise, however, when the sources are far from the interface since the total fields in the solution space are not all outgoing waves. Using well-known formulas for the fields transmitted and reflected by stratified media, this paper discusses a method whereby the fields scattered by a buried object can be easily calculated by the FDTD technique when the incident field is a plane wave     

TM Nonlinear electromagnetic waves guided by an inhomogeneous medium

Analytical dispersion relations and the power flow expression for TM (polarized) nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves propagating along the interface of an inhomogeneous and dielectric nonlinear media have been investigated theoretically. An inhomogeneous dielectric cover has the dielectric permittivityε=a+bz, which is contacted with a strongly nonlinear Kerr like layer. The existence conditions for these waves to be propagated are studied. These waves have no counterpart in the linear isotropic regime. The power flow versus the wave index, and the consequence interface nonlinearity might be evaluated for a variety of inhomogeneity parameters, which are found to be inhomogeneity dependent, and could lead to optical hysterisis and bistability.     

Visualization of Negative Refraction in Chiral Nihility Media

Chiral nihility media are known to produce a backward wave as one of their two polarizations, yielding negative refraction at the interface of the chiral nihility medium and free space. In this paper, the analysis of chiral nihility effects is illustrated by showing the propagation of a Gaussian beam, both reflected and refracted from an air-chiral interface, and through layered chiral nihility media that are matched to free space. The critical angle for total reflection, and the index-matched total transmission in a matched chiral half-space, are demonstrated. Also demonstrated are the wave splitting, wave widening, and a wave of “standing phase” in matched chiral nihility slabs.     

Nonlinear surface waves on the interface of two non-Kerr-likenonlinear media

In recent years, there has been growing interest in studying nonlinear guided-wave propagation as they present potential, yet not fully-explored, applications for high-speed optical signal processing and transmission. In this paper, analytical solutions for nonlinear surface waves on the interface of two nonlinear non-Kerr-like media are derived. The dispersion relations and their relations to the transmission power and initial field distributions are calculated. Several observations are made on the behaviors of the surface waves and their potential applications     

Visualization of Faraday rotation and optical activity at oblique incidence

Gyrotropic and chiral media are known to rotate the polarization of electromagnetic waves, yielding the Faraday-rotation and optical-activity effects, respectively. In this paper, we analyze these effects based on the constitutive tensors of both media, and propose closed-form expressions for the rotation angles of waves impinging at oblique incidence. The analysis and predictions, based on the kDB system, are illustrated by showing the propagation of a Gaussian beam through layered gyrotropic and chiral media. In particular, the reciprocal character of optical activity, and the nonreciprocal character of Faraday rotation, are clearly shown.     

Scattering of waves from periodic surfaces

The scattering of waves from periodic surfaces is studied. We give a general review of this problem and compare three analytical methods for a conducting sinusoidal surface in detail for both TE and TM polarized waves. The three methods are: 1) the method developed by Masel, Merrill, and Miller (MMM); 2) the Modified Physical Optics (MPO) method; and 3) Waterman's Plane Harmonics (WPH) approach. We find the MMM method to be the most efficient one in terms of the rate and range of convergence. For dielectric media with periodic rough surfaces, an improved method is developed for calculating the reflected and transmitted powers. The results are used to compare with experimental data obtained at optical frequencies. It is shown that good agreement is achieved when the complex permittivity of the metal for the grating at the corresponding frequency is used.     

Wave interaction with moving boundaries

The reflection and refraction of plane electromagnetic waves at a moving interface separating two media of different relative permittivities is discussed. The Sommerfeld-Runge law and the condition of equality of phases at an interface are applied to derive the various parameters of the reflected and refracted waves. The cases of the boundary moving away from the incident waves and the boundary colliding with the incident waves are considered.     

Mathematical simulation of characteristics of angular coordinate estimates of radar targets in the vicinity of interface between two media

The calculations, used for investigating the characteristics of measurement of radar targets’ angular coordinates near the interface between two media, are based on mathematical models set up as superposition (in the observation point) of two waves reflected from the object: the direct wave and the wave reflected by the surface of the interface between two media. These mathematical models are shown to be convenient and efficient for inquiries in characteristics of amplitude algorithms of measurements. The models agree well with the results of target’s elevation measurement, obtained during full-scale tests.