硫黄对杜仲橡胶形状记忆材料性能的影响

研究硫黄用量对杜仲橡胶形状记忆材料性能的影响。结果表明：随着硫黄用量的增大,胶料的ML变化不大,MH增大,t⁹⁰先缩短后延长;硫化胶的交联密度总体呈增大趋势,定伸应力和拉伸强度先减小后增大,热刺激响应回复温度呈减小趋势,最终形变回复率先增大后减小;动态力学性能测试发现,存在多相转变峰;当硫黄用量为1份时,硫化胶的物理性能和热致形状记忆性能最佳。     

ZnO用量对CSM硫化胶性能的影响

研究了ZnO用量对秋兰姆类促进剂硫化氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)胶料的硫化特性、物理综合性能、耐热性能的影响。结果表明,随着ZnO用量的增加,CSM的硫化时间和焦烧时间延长,最大扭矩逐渐增加,说明交联密度逐渐增大;CSM硫化胶的拉伸强度先增大后减小,交联密度、撕裂强度和硬度增大,拉断伸长率明显下降,阻燃性下降,耐油性变好;CSM硫化胶性能保持率降低,耐老化性能变差。差热扫描量热仪分析表明,ZnO用量增加,硫化胶的玻璃化温度向低温方向偏移,结晶区的吸热峰面积减小。热重分析法分析表明,ZnO用量增加,硫化胶高温稳定性变差。     

热氧老化对氯丁橡胶化学结构及性能的影响

对氯丁橡胶（CR）硫化胶进行热氧老化试验,研究100 ℃下老化时间对CR硫化胶化学结构、交联密度、溶胶质量分数和相对分子质量分布、氯质量分数、拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在热氧老化过程中,CR硫化胶的橡胶分子链发生氧化反应,化学结构发生明显变化。在老化初期,CR硫化胶的交联密度增大,溶胶质量分数和相对分子质量减小,橡胶分子链以交联为主;老化时间超过192 h后,CR硫化胶的交联密度减小,溶胶质量分数、相对分子质量及其分布指数增大,橡胶分子链氧化断裂增多;在老化过程中,交联及脱氯使CR硫化胶结构化越来越严重,导致CR硫化胶的拉伸性能明显降低。     

CR硫化胶老化过程中热性能和动态力学性能变化的研究

探讨CR硫化胶老化过程中交联密度、热性能和动态力学性能的变化。结果表明，随着老化时间延长，CR硫化胶的交联密度先减小后增大，结晶度和结晶速率先增大后减小，初始降解温度降低，最大降解速率增大，玻璃化温度先降低后升高，0℃附近的tanδ值先减小后增大，60℃附近的tanδ值减小。     

热氧老化对氯丁橡胶化学结构及性能的影响

对氯丁橡胶(CR)硫化胶进行热氧老化试验,研究100℃下老化时间对CR硫化胶化学结构、交联密度、溶胶质量分数及其相对分子质量分布、氯质量分数、拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在热氧老化过程中,CR硫化胶的橡胶分子链发生氧化反应,化学结构发生明显变化。在老化初期,CR硫化胶的交联密度增大,溶胶质量分数和相对分子质量减小,橡胶分子链以交联为主;老化时间超过192 h后,CR硫化胶的交联密度减小,溶胶质量分数、相对分子质量及其分布指数增大,橡胶分子链氧化断裂增多;在老化过程中,交联及脱氯使CR硫化胶结构化越来越严重,导致CR硫化胶的拉伸性能明显降低。     

动态伸张疲劳对集成橡胶硫化胶结构及性能的影响

研究未填充和炭黑填充集成橡胶（SIBR）硫化胶动态疲劳过程中的微观结构、物理性能和动态力学性能。结果表明：在疲劳过程中,SIBR分子链断裂,断裂后的自由端链在周期性应力作用下与空气中的氧气作用生成羰基;未填充和炭黑填充SIBR硫化胶的物理性能降低;随着疲劳程度的增大,炭黑填充SIBR硫化胶的交联密度逐渐降低,25 ℃下的储能模量减小、损耗因子增大,Payne效应减弱。     

硫化温度对轮胎胎肩垫胶物理性能和交联密度的影响

研究硫化温度对轮胎胎肩垫胶物理性能和交联密度的影响,并探讨物理性能与交联密度之间的关系。结果表明:在120~170℃范围内,随着硫化温度的升高,硫化胶的100%和300%定伸应力下降,拉伸强度先提高后下降,拉断伸长率增大,交联密度减小;硫化温度为130℃时硫化胶的综合物理性能较佳;定伸应力随着交联密度的增大而提高,拉断伸长率随着交联密度的增大而下降,拉伸强度随着交联密度的增大先提高后下降。     

TPI形状记忆性能研究

研究硫黄用量对反式1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)硫化胶物理性能和热致形状记忆性能的影响以及TPI硫化胶的电致形状记忆性能。结果表明,随着硫黄用量的增大,TPI硫化胶化学交联密度和总交联密度增大,定伸应力和拉伸强度减小,拉断伸长率增大,热刺激响应回复温度降低,最终形变回复率增大,形变回复速率先增大后减小;TPI硫化胶具有良好的电致形状记忆性能,随着施加电压的增大,TPI硫化胶最终形变回复率增大,形变回复时间缩短。     

核磁共振法研究橡胶中的反增塑现象

通过向促进剂TMTD硫化的丁苯橡胶(SBR)中加入不同种类和用量的小分子溶剂来模拟有增塑剂的硫化胶,采用核磁共振法测定溶胀后SBR硫化胶的交联密度和横向弛豫时间。结果表明:核磁共振法测得的交联密度与橡胶实际交联密度结果不一致,当试样中含有增塑剂等小分子时,测试前应进行抽提处理;随着小分子溶剂用量的增大,分子运动能力先增大后减小,出现了反增塑现象,并存在固定的反增塑转变点。     

硫化剂对天然杜仲胶记忆材料的性能影响

依据杜仲胶橡塑二重性,以体系内硫化剂调整其硫化胶的结晶度,实现不同硫磺用量下的杜仲胶记忆材料制备,并进行相应的力学、动态力学、热性能的表征。结果表明,当硫黄用量增加到一份时,硫化胶交联密度没有明显变化,硫黄用量超出1份以后,交联密度显著增加。定伸应力和拉伸强度随硫黄用量的增加时呈先减小而后增大趋势,拉断伸长率表现相反;同时,热致回复温度范围降低,而且在硫黄用量为1份时最小。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。