柔性航天器动力学建模及模型降阶研究

针对柔性航天器振动影响飞行器姿态稳定性和精度.为了解决上述问题,提出了多柔体航天器的动力学建模.首先,根据工程实现的假设振型法,采用拟坐标拉格朗日方程,推导出带有刚体模态的二阶系统刚柔耦合动力学模型,其中,为了减少模型计算量,通过坐标变换将刚体模态和柔性模态解耦,利用一种刚体模态解耦的二阶不稳定系统的模型降阶方法,并对航天器多柔体系统动力学方程进行了仿真分析,结果飞行姿态稳定,满足了精度要求,表明了动力学建模与模型降阶法的有效性和正确性.     

柔性臂动力学模型中单杆的质量—弹性杆简化模型的讨论

多自由度串联柔性臂是强非线性系统 ,动力学模型往往很复杂 .这样的动力学模型对控制系统很难提供有效的设计依据 .因此系统模型降阶问题是柔性臂研究的热点问题 [1～ 3] .模态展开法是模型降阶中常采用的方法 .模态的求解及截断问题较复杂 .本文针对特定构型的柔性臂提出了一种简化的集中质量 -弹性杆动力学建模方法 ,并与模态展开法进行了比较 .结果表明 ,在类似的结构中这种方法有很好的精度     

基于柔性轮对的轨道车辆动力学仿真分析

为研究柔性轮对对轨道车辆动力学性能的影响,应用ANSYS创建轮对实体有限元分析模型,并选用Guyan缩减法和Lanczos分块法对其进行子结构模态分析.联合SIMPACK创建柔性轮对车辆仿真模型,此模型的构架、车体等部件仍视作刚性体.与刚体车辆仿真模型对比分析出在中国高铁谱和美国六级谱激励作用下两模型的动力学性能的差异.分析结果表明:轮对采用柔性体的车辆非线性临界速度较全刚体车辆的非线性临界速度稍稍降低.在两激励线路下,轮对采用柔性体对车辆的平稳性和曲线通过性能也有一定程度的影响.     

柔性板的模态价值降阶及其主动控制研究

对柔性板的模型降阶和主动控制进行研究,并且进行实验验证.首先采用假设模态方法给出系统的动力学方程,然后采用价值模态分析方法进行降阶研究.考虑到弱阻尼系统,文中给出了一种价值模态分析方法的近似公式.控制律采用最优控制方法进行设计.仿真和实验结果显示,价值模态分析方法能够有效地显示出系统各阶模态的重要程度,因此能够有效地对系统模型进行降阶.     

弹性飞行器的H∞控制器设计与仿真

弹性飞行器动力学模型用很多自由度来描述弹性模态和刚性模态,由此引起的模型不确定性及建模误差,使用常规控制器很难保证系统的鲁棒稳定性.为此,采用H∞混合灵敏度控制方法设计了能控制弹性飞行器姿态运动又能快速抑制结构振动的鲁棒控制器,采用平衡截断法对此高阶控制器进行了降阶,得到6阶和4阶控制器,对于降阶控制器的控制效果进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,降阶后的控制器能很好地实现对原全阶控制器的近似,系统增强稳定性.鲁棒性能满足设计的要求,为飞行系统提供了设计依据.     

人体运动仿真建模方法研究

为了研究人体在运动过程中的力学行为,探讨人体运动仿真的建模方法,运用多体系统动力学的建模方法建立了17刚体,55自由度的人体动力学模型,模型对人体颈部和下躯干的柔性效应给予了充分考虑,基于第一类Lagrange方程推导了系统的动力学方程,并以某人体为例,利用该模型对人体的行走过程进行了仿真计算,计算结果表明:采用所建立的人体动力学模型进行人体步态仿真、碰撞仿真等研究是现实可行的,最后结合对人体运动仿真的未来发展趋势的展望,说明人体动力学模型有待进一步完善.     

中心刚体-柔性梁应变反馈多目标优化控制

本文针对柔性结构在轨组装任务背景,将自动飞船和待运送部件分别简化为中心刚体和柔性梁附件,研究自由漂浮中心刚体-柔性梁系统的动力学与控制问题.首先基于小变形和低转速假设,将梁用假设模态法离散,采用Lagrange方程导出系统动力学方程.继而设计一种带有应变反馈的PD控制律用于完成中心刚体的状态镇定以及柔性梁振动抑制.此外,本文还使用遗传算法对控制器中的参数进行多目标优化.最后,通过数值算例验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

装载机工作装置刚柔耦合运动学动力学分析

以装载机工作装置主要受力件之一的连杆作为研究对象,结合多刚体动力学和柔性体动力学理论,建立连杆的刚-柔耦合运动学、动力学数学模型.并在ANSYS软件中生成它的有限元模态中性文件,将其导入到ADAMS软件中建立的装载机工作装置虚拟样机上,进行相应的运动学、动力学仿真分析.研究工作装置中连杆柔性体对工作装置性能的影响,揭示了工作装置中柔性体与刚性体耦合时的运动学、动力学特性,为复杂机械系统运动学、动力学特性的研究提供了可供借鉴的思路.     

基于刚-柔混合模型的300T铁水车动力学仿真

为保证300t铁水车的安全运输,采用刚-柔混合动力学模型研究了该车的动力学性能.以I-DEAS软件为柔性体仿真平台,ADAMS/Rail软件为多刚体系统仿真平台,给出了创建刚-柔混合动力学模型的技术路线,采用在系统外将所关心的对象柔性化的建模方法建立了某公司研制的特种车辆-300t铁水运输车的刚-柔混合动力学模型.基于刚-柔混合模型的动力学仿真结果表明:弹性轨道对该车运行平稳性和曲线通过性能的影响大于柔性转向架对运行平稳性和曲线通过性能的影响.因此,对这类特种车辆进行动力学仿真应采用弹性轨道.当计算规模很大无法考虑转向架的柔性效应时,仅使用弹性轨道所获得的结果也能达到相当的精度.     

MEMS降阶宏模型仿真平台研究

随着MEMS系统级设计成为研究的热点,MEMS系统级CAD的开发日益重要.论文介绍了一种基于降阶宏模型MEMS系统级仿真平台,通过有限元方法提取MEMS器件几何物理数据.建立MEMS器件有限元模型.利用Krylov子空间算法缩聚自由度建立宏模型,通过系统级仿真平台对此进行系统级仿真. 整个流程通过VC++编译器调用ANSYS、嵌入封装的算法动态链接库、集成SIMULINK系统仿真器完成.并用双端固支梁实例对所有模块加以验证,仿真结果准确,计算效率较高.     

Dynamic analysis of flexible multi-body systems using mixed modal and tangent coordinates

This paper presents a mixed modal and tangent coordinate technique for computer aided analysis of flexible mechanical systems whose components undergo large translations and large rotations. In this model the configuration of a flexible component is identified by using two sets of generalized coordinates, namely rigid body and elastic coordinates. The rigid body coordinates define the location and orientation of a body axis, whereas the elastic coordinates define the displacement field of a component with respect to its body axis. The elastic coordinates are introduced by using finite element discretization to model flexible components with complex geometries. A modal analysis technique is used to identify the elastic mode shapes and to eliminate insignificant higher frequency modes. An orthonormalization of constraint Jacobian matrix associated with rigid body coordinates is used to identify the rigid body tangent coordinates. The resulting modal and tangent coordinates are used to develop an automated numerical integration scheme to solve the system differential and algebraic equations. Two numerical examples are considered to show the feasibility of dynamic analysis of flexible mechanical systems using this scheme.     

Modeling and simulation of structural components in recursive closed-loop multibody systems

Passenger cars, transit buses, railroad vehicles, off-highway trucks, earth moving equipment and construction machinery contain structural and light-fabrications (SALF) components that are prone to excessive vibration due to rough terrains and work-cycle loads’ excitations. SALF components are typically modeled as flexible components in the multibody system allowing the analysts to predict elastic deformation and hence the stress levels under different loading conditions. Including SALF component in the multibody system typically generates closed-kinematic loops. This paper presents an approach for integrating SALF modeling capabilities as a flexible body in a general-purpose multibody dynamics solver that is based on joint-coordinates formulation with the ability to handle closed-kinematic loops. The spatial algebra notation is employed in deriving the spatial multibody dynamics equations of motion. The system kinematic topology matrix is used to project the Cartesian quantities into the joint subspace, leading to a condensed set of nonlinear equations with minimum number of generalized coordinates. The proposed flexible body formulation utilizes the component mode synthesis approach to reduce the large number of finite element degrees of freedom to a small set of generalized modal coordinates. The resulting reduced flexible body model has two main characteristics: the stiffness matrix is constant while the mass matrix depends on the elastic modal coordinates. A consistent set of pre-computed inertia shape integrals are identified and used to update the modal mass matrix at each time step. The implementation of the component mode synthesis approach in a closed-loop recursive multibody formulation is presented. The kinematic equations are modified to include the effect of the flexible body modal elastic coordinates. Also, modified constraint equations that include the effect of flexibility at the joint connections and the necessary details of the Jacobian matrix are presented. Baumgarte stabilization approach is used to stabilize the constraint equations without using iterative schemes. A sample results for flexible body impeded in a closed system will be presented to demonstrate the above mentioned approach.     

基于刚体运动与弹性运动的机械系统动力学建模研究

讨论了具有刚体运动与柔性变形的机械系统的动力学建模,将刚体自由度与弹性变形自由度看作广义坐标,利用有限元法对具有刚性运动与弹性变形的机械系统的运动与变形进行了描述,得到了以刚体位移与弹性变形位移表示的单元的广义惯性力;从应力应变入手,得到了表示单元弹性变形与几何非线性变形的结构刚度矩阵与几何非线性刚度矩阵,使用Kane方程推导了弹性连杆机构的单元运动方程,这种建模方法,可以使用在任意结构的机械系统。     

Modal analysis of active flexible multibody systems

When performing modal analyses of active flexible multibody systems, both controller effects and flexible body dynamics should be included in a multidisciplinary system model. This paper deals with the theory of solving the closed-loop eigenvalue problem for active flexible multibody systems with multiple-input multiple-output proportional-integral-derivative (PID) type feedback controllers and multiple degrees of freedom finite element models. Modal analyses are performed on both a simple and complex active flexible multibody system in order to illustrate the difference between current modal analysis method for such systems and the proposed theory derived in this paper.     

超单元应用中的关键问题研究

航天相机结构复杂,相应的有限元模型大,计算机分析效率低,甚至无法求解.为缩减模型自由度,提高计算机求解效率和能力.采用超单元技术划分相机有限元模型,利用部件模态综合法降低系统阶数;着重研究超单元在MSC.Patran中创建时和在MSC.Natran中分析时所遇到的各种关键问题,分析错误产生的原因,提出相应的解决措施;并通过一大型算例验证了超单元模理的准确性.分析结果表明:超单元法与整体有限元分析法比较,求解的前10阶固有频率误差小于4%,而计算时间仅为原来的1/2.超单元法很大程度上缩减模型自由度,提高计算机解算能力,节省计算时间.     

用于10-6N~10-5N微力测量的柔性铰链机构设计

在基于静电场原理的微纳力值测量系统中,力值的传递与转化机构起着至关重要的作用。选择平行四边形柔性铰链机构作为其弹性元件,以实现10-6N量级的力值测量。分析了柔性铰链的数学模型,研究了其静态与动态刚度;根据系统要求确定了柔性铰链的目标刚度,并采用有限元方法对其进行优化设计和模态分析;分析了加工精度对铰链刚度的影响。将该铰链用于微力测量系统中,通过实验给出了刚度测试结果和力值测量结果,实验表明,该平行四边形柔性铰链满足微力测量系统对10-6N量级的力值测量要求。     

Design of flexure hinge mechanism for 10-6 N~10-5 N micro force measurement北大核心CSCD

In a micro-nano force measurement system based on the principle of static electric field, the mechanism used for force transmission and transformation plays a vital role. The parallelogram flexible hinge mechanism is used as elastic element, in order to realize the measurement of force on the scale of 10-6 N. The mathematical model of the flexible hinge is analyzed to study the static and dynamic stiffness. The theory stiffness is determined according to the system requirement. The finite element method is used for the optimization design and modal analysis. The influence to the hinge stiffness of the machining accuracy is analyzed. The stiffness test and force value measurement results are given by experiments. Results show that the parallelogram flexible hinge can be used in the force measurement system on the scale of 10-6 N. ©, 2014, The Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators. All right reserved.     

Flexible Multibody Systems Models Using Composite Materials Components

The use of a multibody methodology to describe the large motion of complex systems that experience structural deformations enables to represent the complete system motion, the relative kinematics between the components involved, the deformation of the structural members and the inertia coupling between the large rigid body motion and the system elastodynamics. In this work, the flexible multibody dynamics formulations of complex models are extended to include elastic components made of composite materials, which may be laminated and anisotropic. The deformation of any structural member must be elastic and linear, when described in a coordinate frame fixed to one or more material points of its domain, regardless of the complexity of its geometry. To achieve the proposed flexible multibody formulation, a finite element model for each flexible body is used. For the beam composite material elements, the sections properties are found using an asymptotic procedure that involves a two-dimensional finite element analysis of their cross-section. The equations of motion of the flexible multibody system are solved using an augmented Lagrangian formulation and the accelerations and velocities are integrated in time using a multi-step multi-order integration algorithm based on the Gear method.