双压电材料界面力电耦合场奇异性研究

针对不同压电材料中界面裂纹尖端的扇形区域推导出了包含基本方程、裂纹面D-P边界条件和不同压电材料交界面处的边界条件的弱形式。在该弱形式的基础上,利用特征方程展开方法(eigenfunction expansion technique),可以得到一个分析压电材料裂纹尖端处力电耦合场奇异性的特殊的一维有限元列式。该一维有限元列式只需对扇形区域在角度方向上离散,最后的总体方程为一个二次特征根方程。求解该特征根方程就可以得到压电材料裂纹尖端处力电耦合奇异场的特征解。通过数值算例表明该方法可以准确而高效地计算压电材料裂纹尖端处力电耦合奇异场的特征解,进而用该方法研究了双压电材料界面力电耦合场的奇异性。     

用切口尖端单元分析各向异性材料中多边形孔奇异性应力场

该文提出了一种基于全数值方法的新型杂交元方法, 用于研究各向异性复合材料中多边形孔奇异性应力场干涉问题。该方法的建立分3 个步骤:首先, 用一维有限元方法求解各向异性材料切口尖端奇异性应力场数值特征解;然后, 采用杂交有限元列式构造一种超级切口尖端单元, 其中, 假设应力场和位移场是利用上述奇异性场数值特征解推导出来的;最后, 将上述超级切口尖端单元与传统4 结点杂交应力元组装, 得到新型杂交元方法。算例中, 将裂纹问题作为考核例, 并进一步考察双菱形孔和双矩形孔的奇异性应力干涉问题。算例表明:当前模型能降低单元数, 且精度好;与传统有限元法和积分方程方法相比, 该模型更具有通用性和高效性, 为各向异性材料的细观力学分析打下了基础。     

分析不同材料界面应力奇异性的一维杂交有限元方法

该文提出了一种计算效率较高的分析不同材料界面应力奇异性的一维杂交有限元方法。为了推导该方法,首先列出了用于求解不同材料界面裂纹奇异应力场特征解的基本方程和边界条件,然后利用加权残量方法(weighted residual method),得到上述基本方程和边界条件的弱形式,该弱形式的基本变量为位移和应力。运用Galerkin有限元方法的思想及上述弱形式,最后得到了一个一维杂交有限元方法,该一维杂交有限元方法只需对扇形区域在角度方向上离散,其总体方程为一个二次特征矩阵方程。数值算例表明:该方法可以准确而高效地计算不同材料界面奇异应力场的特征解。     

压电材料的K正则方程及其层合板的显式辛算法

显式辛数值算法有一个重要的特性,即在长时间内保存Hamilton函数的指数幂,用这种方法求解可分的微分方程所得到的解逼近精确解.该文基于压电材料修正后的H-R混合变分原理,首先推导了Hamiltonian四节点有限元列式,然后通过对该列式进行行列变换,得到了K正则方程.最后将显式辛数值算法用于求解压电材料层合板的静力学...     

压电材料切口奇性指数计算

利用一种数值方法分析压电材料切口尖端包括奇异应力场和奇异电位移场在内的双重奇异性.基于切口尖端的位移场按幂级数渐近展开假设,从应力平衡方程和Maxwell方程出发,推导出关于压电材料切口奇性指数的特征方程组,同时将切口的力学和电学边界条件转化为奇性指数和特征函数的组合表达,从而将压电材料双重奇性分析问题转化为在相应边界条件下微分方程组的特征值求解问题,采用插值矩阵法,可以一次性地计算出压电材料切口的各阶奇性指数.裂纹作为切口的特例,其尖端的电弹性奇性指数亦可以根据本法求出.     

压电材料切口奇性指数计算

利用一种数值方法分析压电材料切口尖端包括奇异应力场和奇异电位移场在内的双重奇异性。基于切口尖端的位移场按幂级数渐近展开假设, 从应力平衡方程和Maxwell方程出发, 推导出关于压电材料切口奇性指数的特征方程组, 同时将切口的力学和电学边界条件转化为奇性指数和特征函数的组合表达, 从而将压电材料双重奇性分析问题转化为在相应边界条件下微分方程组的特征值求解问题, 采用插值矩阵法, 可以一次性地计算出压电材料切口的各阶奇性指数。裂纹作为切口的特例, 其尖端的电弹性奇性指数亦可以根据本法求出。     

压电材料中螺型位错偶极子与圆弧形界面裂纹的电弹干涉效应

研究了在无穷远力电荷载作用下广义螺型位错偶极子与圆弧形界面裂纹的电弹干涉作用。运用复变函数方法,导出了该问题的一般解答,并获得了界面上只有一条裂纹时的封闭形式解,求得了基体及夹杂区域复势函数、广义应力场、裂纹尖端的广义应力强度因子以及作用在螺型位错偶极子上的位错力和力偶矩。讨论了裂纹长度、压电材料电弹常数以及位错偶极子的位置对裂纹尖端应力强度因子、偶极子中心的位错力和像力偶矩的影响。     

压电复合材料中圆孔边Ⅲ型非对称裂纹的场强度因子

研究了压电复合材料中圆孔边4个非对称裂纹在远处受面内电载荷和面外力载荷共同作用下的断裂行为。利用复变函数方法和新映射函数将问题转化为Cauchy积分方程组。通过求解Cauchy积分方程组,得到了电非渗透型和电渗透型两种边界条件下裂纹尖端电弹性场和场强度因子的解析解。所得结果不仅可退化为已有解,而且可模拟出若干新的缺陷构型,如压电复合材料中圆孔边三裂纹、半无限压电复合材料中半圆孔边单裂纹及半无限压电体中边界裂纹。将所得结果与有限元结果进行比较,吻合很好,证实了文中方法的正确性和有效性。数值算例分析了缺陷的几何参数对场强度因子的影响规律。     

二维压电材料动强度因子的扩展有限元计算

采用扩展有限元求解二维弹性压电材料动断裂问题。扩展有限元的网格独立于裂纹,因此网格生成可大大地简化,且裂纹扩展时不需重构网格。采用相互作用积分技术计算动强度因子。比较了标准的力裂尖加强函数和力-电裂尖加强函数对动强度因子的影响,结果表明标准的力裂尖加强函数能有效地分析压电材料动断裂问题。分析了极化方向对动强度因子的影响。数值分析表明采用扩展有限元获得的动强度因子与其他数值方法解吻合得很好。     

垂直界面裂纹应力强度因子的加料有限元分析

为求解裂尖位于界面上的垂直双材料界面裂纹应力强度因子,发展了一种加料有限元方法。该方法应用Williams本征函数展开和线性变换方法求解裂尖渐进位移场,将该位移场加入常规单元位移模式中,得到加料垂直界面裂纹单元和过渡单元的位移模式,给出加料有限元方程。建立了典型垂直界面裂纹平面问题的加料有限元模型,求解加料有限元方程直接得到应力强度因子,与文献结果对比表明该方法具有较高的精度,可方便地推广应用于垂直界面裂纹的计算分析。     

Analysis of Electromechanical Stress Singularity in Piezoelectrics by Computed Eigensolutions and Hybrid-trefftz Finite Element Models

This paper concerns the determination of singular electromechanical stress field in piezoelectrics. A one-dimensional finite element procedure is generalized to compute the eigensolutions of the singular electromechanical field. The generalized procedure is capable of taking differently poled piezoelectrics, cracks and ultra-thin electrodes into account. To determine the strength of the singular electromechanical stress field, the hybrid-Trefftz finite element method is adopted. The independently assumed electromechanical stress modes are extracted from the eigensolutions previously computed from the one-dimensional procedure. Since the eigensolutions satisfy all the balance conditions, the hybrid-Trefftz models can be constructed by boundary integration. This feature enables the models to be interfaced compatibly with conventional finite element models. To illustrate the efficacy of the present approach, the eigensolutions and/or parameters directly related to the electromechanical stress intensity in crack, interfacial crack and bimorph with embedded electrode are considered. The predictions are in good agreement with the reference solutions reported in the literature or computed by using over 10,000 conventional finite elements.     

Singular stress analysis of an anisotropic elastic medium containing polygonal holes using a novel hybrid finite element method

A novel hybrid finite element method based on a numerical procedure is proposed to compute singular field near V-shaped notch corners in an anisotropic material containing polygonal holes. The finite element method is established by the following three steps: (1) an ad hoc one-dimensional finite element formulation is employed to determined numerical eigensolutions of the singular field near an V-shaped notch corner; (2) a super corner tip element is constructed to determine the strength of the singular field, in which the independent assumed stress fields are extracted from the eigensolutions; (3) a novel hybrid finite element equation is obtained by coupling the super corner tip element with the conventional hybrid stress elements. In numerical examples, generalized stress intensity factors for interactions between two polygonal holes with various geometry, space position and material property are mainly discussed. All the numerical results show that present method yields satisfactory singular stress field solutions with fewer elements. Compared with the conventional finite element methods and integral equation methods, the present method is more suitable for dealing with micromechanics of anisotropic materials.     

Electroelastic singularities in piezoelectric-elastic wedges and junctions

This paper concerns the determination of the order and angular variation of inplane singular electroelastic states due to material and geometric discontinuities in piezoelectric-elastic wedges and junctions. The mathematical complexity required for deriving the order and angular variation of singular electroelastic fields is avoided by an ad hoc developed one-dimensional finite element formulation. The polarization orientation of the piezoelectric material may be arbitrary. To illustrate the simplicity, accuracy and efficiency of the suggested procedure, the order and angular variation of singular electroelastic fields for practically useful piezoelectric-elastic wedges and junctions are computed and compared with the existing analytical solutions.     

A finite element analysis of the singular stress fields in anisotropic materials loaded in antiplane shear

A finite element formulation is developed to determine the order and angular variation of singular stress states at material and geometric discontinuities in anisotropic materials subject to antiplane shear loading. The displacement field of the sectorial element is quadratic in the angular co-ordinate direction and asymptotic in the radial direction measured from the singular point. The formulation of Yamada and Okumura¹⁴ for in-plane problems is adapted for this purpose. The simplicity and accuracy of the formulation are demonstrated by comparison to several analytical antiplane shear solutions for both isotropic and anisotropic multi-material wedges and junctions with and without disbonds. The nature and speed of convergence of the eigensolution suggests that the solution presented here could be used in developing enriched elements for accurate and computationally efficient evaluation of stress intensity factors in problems having complex global geometries.     

HT有限元在Ⅰ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ型复合弹性断裂问题中的应用

探讨了HT有限元应用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型复合裂纹的弹性断裂问题。分析了Ⅲ型弹性断裂问题的HT有限元方法及高阶奇异性应力强度因子KΙΙΙ,同时,对Ⅰ和Ⅱ型断裂问题的HT有限元原理及断裂强度因子KΙ和KΙΙ的计算也进行了阐述。特别地,在计算三个强度因子时,引入了一种新的方法——附加试函数法,它主要用于满足裂尖特殊的边界条件,提高了三个奇异应力强度因子的精确性与可靠性。最后,根据HT有限元计算结果,讨论了奇异应力强度因子无量纲化系数K/Kc随裂纹单元特殊T函数项数、细划单元数、单元高斯点数及裂尖不同附加试函数的变化规律;获得了应力强度因子精确度和可靠度,并与其它有限元结果进行了比较,阐述了此方法的优越性。     

Energy flux associated with a plane crack along an (hyper)elastic bimaterial interface

A numerical procedure, incorporated with the finite element solutions, is developed to evaluate the energy flux vector for a crack located along the interface of 2-D hyperelastic bimaterial solids. The formulation is considered with finite strains for use with both linear and nonlinear material behavior. The formulation is verified to be path-independent in a modified sense and so the near-tip region, where singular mechanical behavior dominates, is always included. Special attention is hence addressed on appropriate modeling of the singular behavior. The numerical results show good accuracy without using any particular singular finite elements. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Generalized Kelvin solution based boundary element method for crack problems in multilayered solids

This paper presents a new boundary element method (BEM) for linear elastic fracture mechanics in three-dimensional multilayered solids. The BEM is based on a generalized Kelvin solution. The generalized Kelvin solution is the fundamental singular solution for a multilayered elastic solid subject to point concentrated body-forces. For solving three-dimensional elastic crack problems in a finite region, a multi-region method is also employed in the present BEM. For crack problems in an infinite space, a large finite body is used to approximate the infinite body. In addition, eight-node traction-singular boundary elements are used in representing the displacements and tractions in the vicinity of a crack front. The incorporation of the generalized Kelvin solution into the boundary integral formulation has the advantages in elimination of the element discretization at the interfaces of different elastic layers. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method for the calculation of stress intensity factors for cracks in layered solids. The results obtained using the proposed method are well compared with the existing results available in the relevant literature.