利用AR模型进行动态寻北中有色噪声的控制

采用旋转调制技术,研究了以动调陀螺为角速率传感器的全姿态寻北仪。为了控制有色噪声对动态寻北的影响,利用观测残差建立了有色噪声的AR模型,对有色噪声进行了拟合与预报,并利用改正后的观测信息、基于抗差估计原理构造了高崩溃污染率的初值辅以IGGⅢ方案迭代解算的混合算法。计算结果表明:采用AR模型对有色噪声进行拟合与预报,能够有效控制有色噪声的影响,并提高动态寻北的精度和可靠性。     

基于小波阈值消噪的陀螺信号的抗差估计

为了削弱陀螺漂移对光纤陀螺寻北精度的影响,在小波阈值消噪的基础上,采用抗差估计处理陀螺信号.首先进行频谱分析,确定相应的多分辨分析尺度及对不同尺度下的高频系数采取的措施.对噪声占主要成份的尺度层其高频系数置零,对噪声与有用信号都存在的尺度层进行小波阈值消噪处理.然后将抗差估计应用于陀螺数据的处理,利用一次抗差估计求得的观测残差再用中位数法求得均方差因子,采用高崩溃污染率的初值辅以IGGⅢ方案迭代解算的混合算法.计算结果表明这种方法能够有效地抵制异常扰动的影响,提高了寻北精(密)度.     

序贯抗差估计在旋转调制陀螺寻北中的应用

基于序贯抗差估计方法针对简化了的旋转调制陀螺寻北仪输出信号进行了寻北仿真研究.介绍了该型寻北仪的基本原理,在经典充贯平差的基础上,结合抗差M估计的原理,得到了序贯抗差估计的计算流程与公式.将寻北仪输出信号划分为2个阶段,对上述方法进行了仿真应用.仿真结果表明：通过该算法所得寻北结果误差均值与标准差均优于其它算法.     

复合寻北在全自动陀螺经纬仪系统中的应用

介绍了当前国产陀螺寻北仪的缺陷,阐述了基于电荷耦合器件(CCD)与微处理器技术在陀螺仪寻北的光学系统结构和工作原理,给出了复合式方法与微处理器在寻北仪的定向计算公式及其数学模型,通过试验证明其有效性。说明了该系统可以缩短测量时间、简化操作,并部分提高了陀螺经纬仪的寻北精度,标准差可控制在10″以内。     

旋转调制寻北方法的误差研究

采用一个陀螺和一个加速度计可以组成最简单的旋转调制式寻北仪.影响寻北仪寻北精度的误差源有很多,不同误差源对寻北精度有着不同程度的影响.为了研究引起寻北误差的主要误差源对寻北结果的影响,对提出的寻北仪三种方法(二位置、四位置、连续旋转)的公式进行了推导,并采用MATLAB进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,影响寻北仪寻北精度的主要误差源为:初始航向角、陀螺常值漂移、采样时间、转位误差、转台旋转速率(连续旋转方法)、台面倾斜角等.结果可为寻北仪的优化研制提供了理论依据.     

基座扰动影响磁悬浮寻北仪精度的数据处理方法研究

影响磁悬浮寻北仪精度的因素可分为高频噪声干扰和低频大能量干扰,为消除基座扰动对磁悬浮寻北仪精度的影响,采用小波预处理消除系统内部高频噪声影响;并提出基于EMD分解干扰点检测的三次样条插值包络均值滤波结合抗差估计的新算法,以有效消除外界低频大能量干扰。对比分析算数均值滤波和最小二乘法的寻北结果精度,计算结果表明,存在外界异常干扰时,提出的处理算法可以得到更高的寻北精度。     

基于FFT的陀螺寻北仪误差补偿

传统提高陀螺寻北仪精度的方法主要是选用高精度陀螺、提高转位精度、增加转位数、通过数字滤波消除外界干扰等,这些方法大多针对寻北仪的某方面误差因素进行改进,而对寻北仪整体的误差特性研究较少。通过对陀螺寻北仪综合误差特性的分析,提出了基于快速傅立叶变换(FFT)的寻北仪误差补偿方法。该方法首先测量出寻北仪的整周误差,然后通过求取FFT系数完成对寻北仪的系统级误差补偿,该方法尤其对寻北仪制造过程中的结构误差和测量元件的常值漂移残差具有良好的补偿效果。经产品验证可以在保持现有陀螺和转位精度不变的情况下,提高寻北精度3倍以上,具有良好的工程实用价值。     

基于抗差估计的全姿态多位置寻北

为解决寻北过程中需要人工调平而耗时较长的问题,结合全姿态多位置寻北模型,采用总体最小二乘法估算北向角;该算法将陀螺漂移转化为测量误差,而转台倾斜误差、轴系误差及安装误差等同系数矩阵误差,在忽略较少误差项的同时完成寻北过程;并根据实际数据中含有粗差的情况,提出抗差总体最小二乘方法,引入IGGⅢ等价权函数消除粗差数据的影响,从而提高算法在含有粗差数据时的寻北精度;仿真数据分析和实验结果表明:该算法能有效削弱粗差对寻北精度的影响,实现全姿态高精度寻北。     

寻北仪系统的挠性陀螺伺服电路设计

分析了挠性陀螺及其寻北原理,针对使用挠性陀螺作为敏感器件的寻北仪系统,提出了一种结构简单的陀螺伺服电路;对应给出的伺服电路原理图,分析了各个组成模块的功能;同时根据系统精度的要求及测试中发现的实际问题,通过采用补偿系统零位、选择合适采样电阻、增加延时电路等方法,可以实现减少放大器零偏对测量信号的干扰、较好地解决寻北精度与陀螺进动角速度之间的矛盾、提高系统的可靠性和稳定性等目的;实验证明在样机上改善效果显著.     

1/4周期积分法的陀螺智能寻北

现代寻北测量中对于陀螺经纬仪的寻北精度、速度及仪器自动化程度的要求越来越高.通过研究陀螺仪寻北的理论公式及陀螺仪寻北的积分测量方法,提出了在四分之一周期测量时间内计算真北值的1/4周期积分测量方法.实验表明,在保证陀螺寻北周期精度的前提下,仪器寻北精度可以达到20″.一次寻北时间由8 min多缩减为3 min以内,大大缩短了精寻北的测量时间.说明了1/4周期测量方法是提高寻北效率的有效途径.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.