结合快速鲁棒性特征改进ORB的特征点匹配算法

针对定向二进制简单描述符（ORB）算法不具备尺度不变性的问题,提出一种结合快速鲁棒性特征（SURF）算法和ORB的改进算法。首先,利用Hessian矩阵检测特征点的方法,使得提取出的特征点具有尺度不变性;然后,用ORB生成特征描述子;接着采用K-近邻算法进行粗匹配;最后,通过比率测试、对称测试、最小平方中值（LMedS）定理进行提纯。尺度变化时,该算法比ORB的匹配精度提高了74.3个百分点,比SURF的匹配精度提高了4.8个百分点;旋转变化时,该算法比ORB的匹配精度提高了6.6个百分点;匹配时间高于SURF低于ORB。实验结果表明,改进算法不仅保持了ORB的旋转不变性,而且具备了尺度不变性,在不失速度的前提下,匹配精度得到较大提高。     

基于改进ORB和对称匹配的图像特征点匹配

由于ORB算法所提取的特征点不具有尺度不变性,直接匹配会导致较多的错误发生,本文结合SURF和双向匹配算法的思想,提出了改进的ORB算法:SSORB.首先使用不同尺寸盒状滤波模板与积分图像生成多尺度空间,并从中检测出稳定的极值点,使得所提取出来的特征点具备尺度不变的特性;然后使用ORB描述子对特征点进行描述,得到旋转不变的二进制描述子;由于误匹配的存在,在Hamming距离的基础上进一步使用双向匹配来消除误匹配,提高匹配精度.实验结果表明,SSORB有效地解决了ORB不具备尺度不变性的缺陷,在保留ORB算法快速优越性的同时提高了匹配准确度.     

基于中心环绕滤波器检测的图像特征点匹配算法

针对传统图像匹配算法特征点检测稳定性和准确性差的问题,提出一种尺度不变性的基于中心环绕滤波器检测（SCFD）的图像特征点匹配算法。首先,构建多尺度空间,利用中心环绕滤波器检测图像在不同尺度下的特征点,采用Harris方法和亚像素插值获得稳定的特征点;其次,联合快速定向旋转二进制稳健基元独立特征（BRIEF）（ORB）算法确定特征点的主方向,构建特征点描述算子;最后,采用汉明距离完成匹配,通过最小平方中值（LMedS）定理和最大似然（ML）估计剔除误匹配点。实验结果表明,在尺度变化时,所提算法的匹配精度达到96.6%,是ORB算法的2倍;其运行时间是尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）的19.8%,加速鲁棒性特征（SURF）的28.3%。所提算法能够有效提高特征点检测的稳定性和准确性,在视角、尺度缩放、旋转、亮度等变化的情况下具有较好的匹配效果。     

基于改进网格运动统计特征的图像匹配算法

为了解决尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法在图像匹配中匹配正确率低、耗时长等问题，提出一种基于改进网格运动统计特征RANSAC-GMS的图像匹配算法。首先，利用快速旋转不变性特征（ORB）算法对图像进行预匹配，对预匹配的特征点采用网格运动统计（GMS）来支持估计量以实现正确匹配点与错误匹配点的区分；然后，采用改进的随机抽样一致性（RANSAC）算法通过匹配点间的距离相似性对特征点进行筛选，并采用评价函数对筛选后的新数据集进行重新整理，进而实现对误匹配点的剔除。采用Oxford标准图库和现实中拍摄的图像对图像匹配算法进行测试对比，实验结果表明，所提算法在图像匹配中的平均匹配正确率达到91%以上；与GMS、SIFT、ORB等算法相比，该改进算法的近景匹配正确率和远景匹配正确率分别最少提高了16.15个百分点和3.56个百分点，说明它能有效剔除误匹配点，进一步提高图像匹配精度。     

序列图像特征提取与匹配算法的改进

在计算机视觉领域中特征点匹配是一个重要课题。针对ORB（ORiented Brief,方向描述符）算法缺少尺度不变性的特点,将SURF（Speeded-Up?Robust?Features,快速鲁棒特征）算法与ORB相结合,提出了基于算法组合的改进算法SUORB（Speeded-Up?ORiented Brief,快速方向描述符）。组合算法的基本思路是利用SURF算法建立多尺度空间,然后通过ORB算法为检测出的特征点建立描述符,最后根据生成的二进制描述符实现特征点匹配。实验结果表明,SUORB算法基本弥补了ORB算法的不足,若图像尺度发生变化,SUORB匹配算法比ORB匹配算法的准确度明显提高;同时SUORB算法保留了ORB算法的快速性。     

基于ORB特征的无人机遥感图像拼接改进算法

针对传统的SIFT算法运行速度较慢、不适合处理实时性要求高的无人机遥感图像的缺点,提出了一种基于ORB特征的快速遥感图像拼接改进算法。首先通过ORB算法快速得到特征点和特征描述,采用K最近邻算法（KNN）进行粗匹配,然后采用随机抽样一致性算法（RANSAC）进行精匹配,最后使用改进的加权平均方法对图像进行融合拼接。实验结果表明,该算法在保证匹配精度的基础上,处理速度较经典的SIFT算法提高了41倍。在图像融合时,该算法能有效地消除拼接重影错位现象。     

基于改进ORB特征点的LK光流算法

针对传统ORB特征点匹配准确率低和在光流算法中跟踪特性差的问题,提出了一种基于改进ORB特征点的LK光流算法。首先结合FAST特征点和rBRIEF特征描述符计算出ORB特征点;然后结合SURF算法在特征提取步骤中构建的Hessian矩阵对ORB特征点进行再提取;最后对改进ORB特征点进行特征匹配测试和LK光流跟踪测试。实验结果表明,相较于传统ORB特征点,改进ORB特征点的特征匹配准确率平均提升20.96%,LK光流跟踪成功率平均提升19.73%。本文提出的改进ORB特征点不仅拥有更好的特征匹配效果,同时具有更好的跟踪特性。     

改进人工鱼群的ORB特征匹配算法

针对室内轮椅定位与地图构建中传统ORB（oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF）受到特征点检测与选取策略的影响导致特征匹配正确率不理想,提出一种改进人工鱼群的ORB特征匹配算法。使用改进后的FAST检测特征点,利用改进后的人工鱼群在组合优化问题中具有收敛速度快且易获得最优解的特点,在图像中计算出不同特征区域,根据特征点所在区域位置赋予其相应的状态,对不同状态的特征点选择保留或去除,使用汉明距离的RANSAC算法在特征区域之间进行特征匹配。实验结果表明,改进后的FAST在图像边缘处提取到更多的图像特征,在实际环境中改进后的ORB匹配算法平均正确匹配率达到了92.7%,比传统ORB平均正确匹配率高52.3%。     

尺度及主方向改正的ORB特征匹配算法

针对二进制描述算法（Oriented fast and Rotated Brief，ORB）尺度性配准误差大，配准率低的问题，提出一种尺度和方向改进的ORB特征匹配算法。该算法以二进制描述算法ORB为基础，构建金字塔式尺度空间，改进尺度空间结构，简化尺度空间层数和采样图像数目，使提取特征点的过程更加效率，并采用Harris函数检测特征，消除边缘特征点的影响，提取具有尺度信息的特征点；然后采用梯度方向统计方法改进传统ORB算法中通过灰度质心法计算主方向的方式，优化求解主方向邻域范围，以提高图像特征主方向的准确性。实验结果表明，改进后的ORB算法在尺度和旋转配准方面性能有很大提高，并且配准的精度较传统ORB更高，更能满足复杂图像快速精确配准的要求。     

基于自适应阈值的ORB特征点提取算法研究

在弱纹理场景下,针对ORB算法提取特征点过程中,固定阈值检测FAST角点可能会导致提取效果不佳进而影响匹配精度,提出了自适应阈值的ORB特征点提取算法,通过图像灰度差值和像素分布概率来计算图像对比度,根据对比度动态计算角点检测阈值。然后根据动态阈值算法实现特征点的提取,采用暴力匹配算法和快速最近邻接匹配（FLANN）两种匹配算法,在EuRoc数据集上分别对比了ORB算法、SIFT算法与该算法的特征点匹配精度和耗时。结果表明,在匹配精度上比ORB算法提升了26.6%,比SIFT算法提升了32.7%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。