纳米复合含氟聚合物的制备及其涂层性能研究

以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)、N-甲基全氟辛基磺酰基胺基丙烯酸乙醇(MPSAEA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚，利用原位复合技术引入纳米SiO2微粒，制备了均匀透明的SiO2纳米复合含氟聚合物材料。用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了复合材料的结构。将聚合物用做涂层材料，用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显徽镜(AFM)、接触角测定仪和紫外可见吸收光谱仪表征和测定了涂层的形貌、涂层与水的接触角和涂层的透光率。结果表明：纳米复合聚合物可在玻片表面形成均匀光滑的涂层，其厚度约1μm，纳米SiO2的引入显著提高了涂层的疏水性，且纳米复合聚合物涂层具有优良的透光率。     

国内期刊荟萃

纳米TiO2复合含氟聚合物涂层的制备及性能表征贾正锋等.新型建筑材料,2005,(7):28采用原位复合技术将纳米TiO2微粒引入γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-甲基全氟辛基磺酰基胺基丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚的含氟聚合物中,制备了均匀透明的纳米TiO2复合含氟聚合物材料。将其用于涂层材料,经过试验得出:①纳米复合聚合物涂层均匀光滑,纳米TiO2微粒的存在改变     

氟硅溶胶-气相纳米SiO2复合超疏水涂层的制备

以气相纳米SiO2和氟硅溶胶为原料,通过多层堆积法在玻璃表面制备复合超疏水涂层,涂层的表面形貌和疏水性分别通过扫描电镜和接触角测量仪进行表征,重点考察了氟硅溶胶与气相纳米SiO2质量比及涂装层数对涂层疏水性、附着力和硬度的影响.结果证明:氟硅溶胶可在无定型气相纳米SiO2表面形成团簇状微球结构,形成兼具低表面能和高粗糙...     

表面引发原子转移自由基聚合合成聚苯乙烯接枝纳米SiO2复合乳液

采用偶联剂对纳米SiO2粒子表面进行处理,将原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发剂引入到SiO2粒子表面合成大分子引发剂,通过细乳液聚合工艺制备了相对分子质量分布窄的聚合物基纳米SiO2复合乳液,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和凝胶色谱(GPC)等对复合乳液粒子及表面接枝聚苯乙烯进行了表征分析。结果表明:聚合物的相对分子质量在反应过程中随单体转化率的增大呈线性增长趋势,相对分子质量分布较窄(Mw/Mn=1.34),接枝在纳米SiO2粒子表面聚苯乙烯的分子大小比较均匀;TEM和SEM观察表明:通过合成复合乳液使纳米SiO2粒子在涂膜中达到均匀的单分散状态;所合成的纳米复合粒子在功能涂层材料方面具有良好的应用潜能。     

PE基聚硅氧烷/改性SiO2超疏水薄膜的构筑

使用十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(OTMS)对纳米SiO2进行表面疏水改性,将得到的改性纳米SiO2(OTMS-SiO2)添加到有机硅树脂(SI)中,然后采用两步法在聚乙烯(PE)薄膜表面固化制备了复合涂层SI/OTMS-SiO2.通过FTIR、1HNMR、29SiNMR、TGA对OTMS-SiO2及复合涂层进行了表征,采用接触角测量仪、SEM、AFM对复合涂层疏水特性和形貌进行了测试和观察,最后对复合涂层的耐磨性和附着力进行了分析.结果表明,SiO2表面成功引入了OTMS,且OTMS-SiO2均匀附着在硅树脂涂层上,增加了表面粗糙度,得到了PE基固化超疏水复合涂层.当OTMS-SiO2添加量为正己烷质量的8％时,制得的复合涂层的水接触角为154°,滚动角为7°,并具有良好的耐磨性,其附着力可达4A等级.     

基于溶胶-凝胶技术法制备疏水表面

浸润性是固体表面的重要特征之一,它是由表面的化学组成和微观几何形貌共同决定的。通常将与水的接触角超过120°的表面称为疏水表面,由于疏水涂层独特的表面特性在国防、工农业生产和日常生活中都有重要应用前景。Shang和Pu等通过在SiO2纳米粒子涂层表面组装低表面能含氟聚合物的方法,制备具有疏水性能的涂层,     

FC-4430/SiO2/PU复合疏水涂层制备及性能研究

具有疏水性表面的材料在自清洁、流体输送、减阻等领域具有潜在的应用价值。本文采用纳米Si O2粒子为添加剂,聚氨酯(PU)为成膜物,含氟表面活性剂(FC-4430)为低表面能修饰物,构筑出了微-纳米复合结构,采用涂刷工艺制备出FC-4430/Si O2/PU复合涂层。研究了Si O2和PU的质量比、FC-4430的用量对涂层疏水性能的影响。结果表明:在SiO2和PU的质量比为1:4,FC-4430的含量为1.5 mL时,复合涂层的疏水性能最好,水滴的接触角为127.6°。     

氟化SiO2纳米颗粒双疏涂层的制备及性能研究

采用氟化硅烷偶联剂对合成的单分散SiO2纳米颗粒进行表面接枝改性,并通过旋涂法将制备的氟化SiO2颗粒沉积在硅晶基板上.采用粒径分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角测量仪对氟化SiO2纳米颗粒涂层的表面形貌、化学组成、接枝密度和润湿性能进行分析表征.结果表明:氟化硅烷偶联剂在SiO2纳米颗粒表面的接枝密度为5.94 nm-2;制备的氟化SiO2纳米颗粒薄膜具备微纳米双重复合网络结构,增加了涂层表面的粗糙程度;氟化SiO2纳米颗粒涂层展现出超疏水和强疏油性能,水和柴油在氟化SiO2纳米颗粒薄膜上的接触角分别为158.4°和125.7°.     

紧固件防护涂层的制备及耐蚀性能研究

阐述了水性含氟涂层和水性纳米铝粉环氧涂层的配方及固化工艺研究,制备用于紧固件腐蚀防护的水性有机涂层。使用DSC对涂层的工艺进行了优化,使用SEM对涂层表面形貌进行了表征。利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对两种涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究,结果表明:制备出的含氟涂层致密孔隙少,耐腐蚀性能明显优于水性纳米复合涂层。     

十二氟庚基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷含量对含氟有机硅/二氧化硅杂化涂层性能的影响

采用溶胶–凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为SiO2前驱物,二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DMDES)和十二氟庚基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(12FHPMDMS)为有机硅前驱物,制备得到含氟有机硅/SiO2溶胶,经热固化后得到了不同12FHPMDMS含量的含氟有机硅/SiO2杂化涂层。通过红外光谱表征了溶胶及固化后涂层的结构,采用热重分析仪(TGA)、接触角仪对涂层性能进行分析并测试了其附着力、硬度、冲击强度和耐盐雾腐蚀性(NSS)。结果表明:含氟有机硅/SiO2杂化涂层具有良好的机械性能;随着12FHPMDMS加入量增加,含氟有机硅/SiO2杂化涂层的耐热性提高,接触角先增大后减小。当n(TEOS)∶n(DMDES)∶n(12FHPMDMS)=10∶8∶4时,疏水性最好,接触角达到110.0°且涂层综合性能最佳。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.