火焰原子吸收法测定橡胶中的铅

用ＧＦＵ－２０１原子吸收分光光度计对测定橡胶中的铅进行试验研究。测量条件：波长，２８３３；空气流量４．４Ｌ／ｍｉｎ；乙炔流量１．３Ｌ／ｍｉｎ。消除干扰选用０．３％碳酸钙、０．２％Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和０．１５％钾。灵敏度为０．３×１０－６，相对误差±２．３％，均方差０．００００３６％。     

原子吸收光谱法测定橡胶中锰的含量

用ＧＦＵ－２０１原子吸收分光度计，ＫＹ－１锰空心阴极灯，对橡胶中锰的测量进行了研究，选择测量条件为：空气流量为５．７ｌ／ｍｉｎ，乙炔流量为１．７ｌ／ｍｉｎ，波长２７９４．８２Ａ０。消除干扰用的是０．１％碳酸钙和０．１５％Ａｌ２Ｏ３。用拟订的操作规程对橡胶中锰测量的灵敏度０．０８８×１０－６ｇ／ｍｌ，均方差小于０．００００２％。     

硫代硫酸盐法添加氯化钠和十二烷基磺酸钠浸取金矿

对湖北氧化铁型金矿进行了Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３法添加ＮａＣｌ而不加Ｃｕ２＋的浸取条件优化研究,当［Ｓ２Ｏ２－３］＝０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮＨ３］＝１～２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮａＣｌ］＝１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、浸取温度５０℃、浸取时间为３ｈ时,浸出率达到９８％．对广东河台、山东招远硫化金矿进行了浸取研究,当［Ｓ２Ｏ３２－］＝０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮＨ３］＝２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮａＣｌ］＝１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、十二烷基磺酸钠１１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、浸取温度５０℃、浸取时间３ｈ时,浸取率分别达到９６％和９３％．     

银器具的仿古着色

１　前处理过程１）机械抛光２）化学除油磷酸三钠２０～２５ｇ／Ｌ碳酸钠２０～２５ｇ／ＬＯＰ－１０乳化剂５～１０ｇ／Ｌθ６０～７０℃ｔ２～３ｍｉｎ３）酸浸蚀在１０％～３０％硫酸中常温浸泡约２ｍｉｎ，酸蚀液里不允许有任何铁器件。４）温水清洗２　着色过程溶液１：水１Ｌ，三氯化铁１９０～２１０ｇ溶液２：水１Ｌ，氢氧化钠１９～２１ｇ经过预处理后的银制品，在溶液１中浸约５ｓ，经过冲洗，然后放在黄铜丝的筛网止，再在溶液２中浸蚀１５ｓ。３　后处理着色后的零件经严格清洗后，待其自然风干，再用细浮石粉擦去，即可得到逼…     

MgCl_2对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵影响

黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓ．ｎｉｇｅｒ）柠檬酸发酵培养基中添加０．０８～０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭｇＣｌ２,对菌体浓度没显著性影响,但可使柠檬酸产率提高４％～７％,发酵旺盛期（３０ｈ）断氧３０ｍｉｎ的实验结果与正常发酵结果对照表明：添加０．１ｍｇ／ＬＭｇＣｌ２的摇瓶产酸率下降１６．２％;空白对照摇瓶产酸率则下降５６．８％,通过对柠檬酸合成酶［ＥＣ４．１．３．７］酶活测定及活体染色计数,我们认为,断氧条件下,０．１ｍｇ／ＬＭｇＣｌ２使黑曲霉存活率升高是造成上述差异的主要原因。     

消光粘胶丝生产技术

该公司开发消长粘胶线新品种,并顺利地推广于生产。产品规格为１３３．３ｄｔｅｘ／２５ｆ,生产模型３．８至３．９吨／日,采用纺前注射器在纺丝粘胶中加入消光剂Ｔｉ０２,其悬浮液配制浓度９０ｇ／ｔ、过滤压力≤０．２ＭＰａ、高位槽搅拌器转速４０至５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ、粘度中Ｔｉ０２加入量１．１至１．２％、纺丝速度８４．３ｍ／ｍｉｎ、注射压力０．２至０．３ＭＰａ。     

硫酸镍结晶母液的渗析净化

本文应用Ｓ２０３膜对含Ｈ２ＳＯ４〉５５０ｇ／Ｌ的硫酸镍结晶母液进行渗析净化的工业性试验。结果表明：渗析工艺能满足现行铜电解生产工艺流程对净化效果的要求，回收酸与Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｂｉ＾３＋等离子能有效分离，当水／酸值取０．９－１．１，单位处理能力≯５０Ｌ／ｍ＾２．ｄ时，回收酸浓度〉２７４ｇ／Ｌ；残液酸浓度〈２８０ｇ／Ｌ，阳离子截留率〉９０％。     

两段氨法尾气回收工艺二段母液组分及进塔气SO2浓度对回收率的影响

经过两段氨法尾气吸收的生产性试验，选择二段母液总亚盐量为１５０～１６０９／Ｌ、其中（ＮＨ_４）_２ＳＯ_３含量５０ｇ／Ｌ作为生产控制指标，虽然氨耗增加３ｋｇ／ｔ（产品），但回收率可提高４％，经济上合理；当一塔进口气的ＳＯ２浓度从０．２１％提高到０．３６％时，回收率可提高１％；且成品中（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４含量每减少１０ｇ／Ｌ，氨耗可降低２ｋｇ／ｔ（产品）。     

自动循环镉柱测定食品中硝酸盐

本文报导了自动循环镉柱测量食品中硝酸盐的方法。循环时间为３ｍｉｎ，管路内径为１．００ｍｍ，还原时ｐＨ值在９．５－９．８之间。亚硝酸钠含量在０－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，吸光度与浓度呈线性关系。直线相关系数为０．９９８９。连续１１次测定含一定量硝酸盐的样品，相对偏差为２．１％。     

液膜法提取硝酸水溶液中Ag^＋的工艺过程

液膜的组成为：２％石油硫醚－４％多丁二酰亚胺－９４％煤油，内相试剂为：１～ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的氨水溶液。较为适宜的操作条件为：乳水比为１：３；内油比为０．８：１；外相硝酸浓度为０．５～１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；常温操作。当料液中的银离子浓度小于８００ｐｐｍ时，一次提取率可达９７％以上。本工艺具有分离速度快、效率高、选择性好等优点。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.