静电纺丝制备聚吲哚导电纳米纤维及其性能表征

采用化学氧化还原法合成了聚吲哚,利用静电纺丝技术制备了聚吲哚导电纳米纤维,并通过正交实验优化工艺参数为纺丝液浓度2%,挤出速率1 m L/h,纺丝电压20 k V,接收距离18 cm,最终制得直径为216 nm的聚吲哚导电纳米纤维。利用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热恩熙及电导率测试对聚吲哚纳米纤维的结构和性能进行了表征,结果表明,静电纺丝过程中聚吲哚的分子链结构并没有发生明显变化;静电纺聚吲哚纳米纤维的结晶更完善、电导率提升了近120%。静电纺丝后聚吲哚的玻璃化转变温度和熔融温度变化不大,分别在130℃和240℃附近,但热降解温度从465℃下降至420℃。     

左旋聚乳酸/右旋聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的共混物及其纤维的结构与性能

以右旋聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-右旋聚乳酸(PDLA-PEG-PDLA)三嵌段共聚物作为改性剂,通过熔融共混法及熔融纺丝-后牵伸两步法分别制备了左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)/PDLA-PEG-PDLA共混物及其共混纤维。采用差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、毛细管流变仪、扫描电镜、广角X射线衍射及力学性能测试等方法对共混物及其共混纤维的结晶行为、热性能、取向及力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明,熔融温度对PLLA及其共混物的结晶行为有较大的影响。当熔融温度为230℃时,共混物中PDLA-PEG-PDLA含量为10%时,α晶的结晶温度最高,为127℃;另外,共混物具有较好的纺丝性能,相同条件下制备的共混纤维的结晶度和取向度均高于纯PLLA纤维,当嵌段共聚物质量分数为2%时,共混纤维的结晶度及取向度最大,分别为27%和-0.39;嵌段共聚物的加入,对PLLA的热稳定性和力学性能的影响较小。     

湿法纺丝制备聚丙烯腈/氧化石墨烯复合纤维及其抗紫外性能研究

将氧化石墨烯(GO)添加到溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中制备不同GO含量的纺丝液,利用湿法纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/氧化石墨烯(PAN/GO)复合纤维,得到的复合纤维进行致密化及热定型处理;再进行力学性能、抗紫外性能测试。结果表明:制备的PAN/GO复合纤维平均拉伸断裂强度在2.0cN/dtex以上,能够满足织造要求。和纯PAN纤维织物相比,PAN/GO复合纤维织物抗紫外性能测试结果显示,其紫外线防护因子值(UPF值)在89~108范围内,属于50+级别,表明复合织物对紫外线具有优异的屏蔽效果。     

石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合石墨纤维的结构与性能

采用干湿法纺丝工艺制备氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合纤维,然后将复合纤维进行炭化和石墨化处理得到石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合碳纤维及石墨纤维。对复合碳纤维进行热重分析、Raman、力学性能、传导性能、形貌等测试分析。结果表明,氧化石墨烯添加量为0.3%(质量分数,下同)的复合纤维的耐热性能最佳;氧化石墨烯的加入,使石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合碳纤维的力学性能和传导性能明显提高,石墨化程度增加。当复合碳纤维2800℃石墨化后,氧化石墨烯含量增加到2.0%时,复合石墨纤维的热导率达到435.57 W·m-1·K-1,结构更加致密。     

磁致型聚己内酯/纳米四氧化三铁形状记忆复合电纺纤维的制备与表征

以交联的聚己内酯(c-PCL)作为复合电纺纤维的基体材料,纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)作为添加填料,运用静电纺丝的技术,制备了在交变磁场下回复的形状记忆复合纳米电纺纤维。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对制备的Fe3O4纳米颗粒进行了表征;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热法(DSC)及动态力学分析(DMA)等检测手段对PCL/Fe3O4复合纳米纤维进行了表征。实验表明:粒径为14nm的Fe3O4在电纺丝中均匀分布,制备的复合纳米纤维的转变温度为53℃,在交变磁场中具有较好的形状记忆性能。     

3-羟基丁酸-4-羟基丁酸共聚物/醋酸纤维素复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝法制备了3-羟基丁酸-4-羟基丁酸共聚物(P(3HB-co-4HB))/醋酸纤维素(CA)复合纳米纤维,并优化了复合纳米纤维的制备工艺,最终可制得直径为356nm,标准方差为0.28的复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热分析对复合纳米纤维进行了表征。结果表明,复合纳米纤维表面非常光滑,纤维间呈无序排列,有较高的孔隙;复合纳米纤维的结晶结构与P(3HB-co-4HB)的结晶结构基本相同,少量CA(10%)的加入能促进复合纳米纤维的快速结晶,起到成核剂的作用,从而使纳米纤维的结晶度得到提高,CA加入量过多时,结晶度下降;随着CA含量的增加,复合纳米纤维的玻璃化转变温度从46.6℃下降至21.3℃,而熔融温度变化不大,在130℃附近。     

3-羟基丁酸-4-羟基丁酸共聚物/醋酸纤维素复合纳米纤维的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

采用静电纺丝法制备了3-羟基丁酸-4-羟基丁酸共聚物(P(3HB-co-4HB))/醋酸纤维素(CA)复合纳米纤维,并优化了复合纳米纤维的制备工艺,最终可制得直径为356nm,标准方差为0.28的复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热分析对复合纳米纤维进行了表征。结果表明,复合纳米纤维表面非常光滑,纤维间呈无序排列,有较高的孔隙;复合纳米纤维的结晶结构与P(3HB-co-4HB)的结晶结构基本相同,少量CA(10%)的加入能促进复合纳米纤维的快速结晶,起到成核剂的作用,从而使纳米纤维的结晶度得到提高,CA加入量过多时,结晶度下降;随着CA含量的增加,复合纳米纤维的玻璃化转变温度从46.6℃下降至21.3℃,而熔融温度变化不大,在130℃附近。     

纤维热氧-接枝处理与基体改性对CF/VE复合材料力学性能的影响

针对碳纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂(CF/VE)复合材料界面性能薄弱的问题,通过热氧-接枝的方法对碳纤维表面进行改性,通过添加偶联剂改性树脂,并采用真空辅助成型工艺制备了CF/VE复合材料。通过纤维扫描电镜(SEM)表征和CF/VE复合材料力学性能测试、动态力学测试、界面粘结参数计算以及界面的微观表征验证改性方法的效果。SEM测试表明改性后纤维比表面积和粗糙度提高;TGA测试表明碳纤维氧化温度大于210℃,且氧化温度在600℃时,CF/VE复合材料综合性能最佳;CF/VE复合材料界面性能随隅联剂质量浓度的增大先提高后降低,且在其质量浓度为1%时,层间剪切强度最大,相对于未改性CF/VE复合材料的提高了74.3%;动态力学性能测试(DMA)表明改性CF/VE复合材料的玻璃化转变温度Tg较未改性的提高了约10℃;界面粘结参数A和α的定量计算表明改性CF/VE复合材料界面性能得到较大改善。     

聚乳酸/茶多酚复合纳米纤维膜的热性能与润湿性能

采用静电纺丝方法,在单一聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维基础上负载茶多酚(TP),制备出不同质量混比的PLA/TP复合纳米纤维膜,并通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及接触角仪对该材料的热性能及润湿性能进行测试分析。DSC测试结果表明,相较于纯PLA纳米纤维膜,添加TP后的复合纳米纤维膜的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)数值上没有较大变化,熔融温度(Tm)有上升趋势,并且两者峰型均变得不显著。接触角测试结果表明,添加TP后的复合纳米纤维膜的接触角较纯PLA纳米纤维膜有减小趋势,并且随着复合薄膜中PLA含量的减少,TP含量的增加,接触角继续减小,润湿性能得到一定的改善,但仍属于疏水材料范畴。     

单轴取向乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物纤维结晶结构与性能表征

以乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)为成纤聚合物,采用熔融纺丝技术制备了单轴取向ECTFE纤维,借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、力学性能测试、蠕变性能测试等分析了所得纤维的结晶结构、热性能、力学性能和抗蠕变性能等。结果表明:单轴取向ECTFE纤维具有良好的结晶性能,结晶属六方晶系,结晶取向度约90%;纤维力学性能、耐热性、抗蠕变性以及耐化学试剂性能优异。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.