汽车水冷机壳铸件机器人打磨工作站设计

汽车电机水冷机壳完成低压铸造后，人工打磨铸件时劳动强度大、打磨工艺成本高、精度差且效率低。设计了一套机器人打磨工作站系统，包含水冷机壳旋转台夹具、IRB2600机器人、双浮动电主轴、护栏4大部件。利用机器人离线仿真软件RobotStudio进行了机器人打磨工作站的布局、动作模拟、打磨路径以及周期节拍的仿真。在实际构建机器人系统之前，先进行了水冷机壳打磨工艺过程中机壳的姿态位置、旋转角度、停顿时间和双浮动主轴的粗、精打磨工艺换刀的设计和试运行，并进一步优化打磨路径及细节来获得更高的打磨质量，为水冷机壳铸件机器人打磨提供真实的验证。该打磨工作站不但可提高去铸造毛刺的效率，也可以实现机器人打磨工作站的连贯性，进而提高电机水冷机壳行业机壳打磨的自动化水平。     

基于RobotStudio的机器人分拣工作站仿真设计

以工业机器人分拣工作站为研究对象,针对其轨迹规划和自动化生产协调难度大的问题,提出ABB机器人仿真软件RobotStudio应用于工业机器人自动分拣工作站中。进行三维实体建模并构建布局,运用ABB的Virtual Controller技术,导入到RobotStudio,搭建了自动分拣工作站的三维实体模型及整体布局。对手爪气缸Smart组件进行了子组件的添加及属性设置,创建了机器人I/O信号及连接方式,通过时间管理器仿真气缸的不同姿态动作,设定了机器人和手爪气缸之间的工作站逻辑关系,完成了机器人工作站的离线编程和仿真。为机器人分拣工作站的设计与制造提供了技术参考和可行性依据,可降低生产线设计及调试成本,并可用于指导现场生产。     

基于RobotStudio水槽打磨机器人工作站仿真设计

为解决不锈钢水槽四边焊缝自动打磨问题，基于SolidWorks设计了机器人末端执行器等设备，并基于RobotStudio搭建由砂带打磨机、IRB4600机器人、末端执行器等设备组建的水槽打磨机器人工作站仿真平台。根据不锈钢水槽的实际工况设计打磨工艺流程和规划打磨路径，创建打磨工作站的Smart组件并关联常用的I/O信号。利用TCP轨迹跟踪功能以及碰撞监控功能检验各个轨迹点及运动轨迹是否满足工作要求，调用计时器记录打磨时间。在仿真平台中通过离线编程仿真调试可以得到理想的打磨轨迹，供实际运行使用，有利于提高现场编程加工效率，提高焊缝打磨质量。     

基于PLC控制的注塑件去边打磨机器人工作站的设计

针对圆柱形管状注塑件在生产过程中所产生的飞边的去除和打磨问题,设计一种基于PLC控制的注塑件去边打磨机器人工作站。介绍机器人工作站总体结构的设计,在设计夹紧装置时应用TRIZ理论中的冲突矩阵解决设计过程中出现的技术冲突;对机器人工作站的PLC控制系统的硬件与软件进行了设计。该机器人工作站结构简单、控制方便,最终实现了注塑件的去边和打磨,满足工业需求。     

基于多机器人的虚拟装配工作站设计与碰撞检测仿真

文章针对多机器人装配过程中易出现的碰撞风险,提出一种利用SolidWorks和RobotStudio构建机器人虚拟装配工作站的设计方案。首先利用Solid Works设计了装配工作站的三维仿真模型,分析了工作站的设计流程,其次创建了仿真运行I/O信号和动态Smart组件,最后离线编制了程序和碰撞检测仿真,仿真结果表明装配过程中无碰撞。该设计方案可以为企业实际装配工作站的设计提供理论依据和试验平台。     

副车架侧梁多机器人焊接工作站设计与仿真

针对目前对于副车架的生产制造的研究较多的是对其前期结构设计和优化,而对其自动化生产的研究较少的情况,通过分析其焊接过程,设计一种由两台焊接机器人和两台搬运机器人组成的自动化焊接工作站。在机器人仿真软件RobotStudio中根据机器人焊接工作站布局建立仿真环境,在仿真系统中创建Smart组件并设计组件内部信号连接以实现动画过程,为4台机器人导入各自的机器人系统,并为各系统创建I/O信号,通过工作站逻辑将各系统间信号进行连接实现各系统间通信。最后按遗传算法规划的最优焊接路径,利用仿真软件自动编程。仿真过程表明了所建工作站布局的正确性,为汽车副车架侧梁的自动化焊接和类似的仿真设计提供了指导。     

基于气吸手部的壶体生产线仿真设计与轨迹规划

以热水壶体生产线为研究对象,提出一种利用RobotStudio与SolidWorks软件构建的仿真热水壶体多机器人生产线方案。介绍了生产线的布局及工艺,并完成了气吸手部设计、气压驱动系统设计、手部动态Smart组件设计以及手部坐标系标定;对机器人码盘工作站进行了轨迹规划,给出了该工作站的程序示例,最后进行了生产仿真以及码盘工作站的轨迹跟踪仿真。仿真结果表明:生产线的轨迹规划和连续生产的可靠性都达到了预期目的。该方案可合理规划配置各生产单元、缩短开发周期、降低设备投资风险,为实体生产线设计提供依据和验证平台。     

基于SDK通信接口的工业机器人远程监控系统设计

基于IRC5控制器的PC SDK通信二次开发接口,设计了一种局域网络下C/S架构的工业机器人远程监控系统。利用RobotStudio软件搭建ABB工业机器人压铸虚拟工作站,利用Winform软件在.NET平台下编写远程监控程序,通过与工业机器人虚拟工作站的连接,验证了远程监控系统的有效性。仿真结果表明:该系统可实现工业机器人控制器监控、访问权限管理、运行数据获取、I/O信号读写、日志查询和程序编辑与控制等功能,可大幅降低工业机器人远程监控功能的开发难度,为工业机器人远程监控系统的快速开发提供了解决方案。     

基于焊件三维装配体的机器人焊接离线编程

机器人离线编程焊接成为焊接自动化技术现代化的主要标志.基于RobotStudio焊接机器人工作站,通过导入SolidWorks软件创建的焊件三维装配体,可实现三维装配体复杂空间曲线焊缝程序的自动创建,并对程序进行解析、测试和模拟.该离线编程系统以度生成的焊缝程序可加载至车间的生产机器人真实控制器内,提高焊接质量和降低生产成本.     

基于RobotStudio的机器人上下料工作站仿真分析与优化

以机器人上下料为研究对象,利用RobotStudio和SolidWorks搭建了机器人上下料智能工作站,规划了工作站的空间布局,为机器人设计了末端夹具。根据工作站的运行模式创建了仿真运行的I/O信号与逻辑,分析了机器人程序,同时动态监测设备间的碰撞情况,分析优化了机器人的作业性能,实现了机器人为4台数控机床自动上下料的仿真与优化。仿真结果表明:碰撞监测功能可动态观察机器人作业过程中的碰撞情况,实时改变系统参数可将机器人的作业性能数据化,直观的分析和优化机器人的速度、作业能耗与电机功率,指导现场生产。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.