棒材轧制轧件出口断面形状预测及平均轧辊半径的新计算模型

对圆—椭圆—圆孔型轧制合金钢,提出了接触边界临界点的概念,建立了出口断面形状预测模型,推导出临界点的解和新的等效接触断面面积公式,给出了计算平均轧辊半径的新模型。为验证新模型,完成了棒材轧制试验,并且利用刚塑性有限元法对轧制过程进行了模拟。将不同模型得到的理论结果与实验值和模拟值作比较,证明新模型具有很高的精度,因此可以用于精轧孔型设计和轧制工艺参数的设定。     

P110石油管用钢坯热轧工艺数值模拟

采用箱型-箱型-箱型-箱型-椭圆-圆孔六道次孔型系统建立棒材热轧几何模型,并确定轧制力数学模型。基于Deform-3D生成棒材轧制数值仿真模型,对250 mm×250 mm的P110石油套管用钢坯6道次热连轧过程进行有限元模拟得到了轧制过程中棒材的应力、应变及轧制力等参数的变化特点,验证了孔型设计系统的合理性,通过对比粗轧中轧制力矩的实测值和模拟值验证了有限元模型的可靠性。分析六道次的轧制力变化规律以及对比轧制力理论计算、数值仿真和实测值,结果证实了有限元模型的合理性,同时为保证轧材质量提供了理论依据。     

圆-椭圆-圆孔型中轧制合金钢棒材时宽展迭代模型的建立

在预测圆-椭圆-圆孔型中轧制合金钢棒材的宽展时,在Shinokura宽展公式基础上进一步考虑了棒材材质对宽展的影响,并且推导出了轧件出口断面等效高度和轧辊平均工作半径公式,对Shinokura宽展公式进行了修正。为得到更精确的宽展值,基于修正后Shinokura的宽展公式用迭代法建立了宽展迭代模型。为验证宽展迭代模型的有效性,进行了GCr15棒材轧制实验,并用刚塑性有限元法模拟了轧制过程,通过比较认为,此迭代模型收敛速度快,并且具有比较高的精度,能用于棒材精轧孔型设计和轧制工艺参数的设定。     

42CrMo环件轧制成形的数值模拟与分析

在Deform-3D平台下建立环件径-轴向轧制的三维有限元模型,结合理论研究和实际试验对42CrMo环件的轧制成形过程进行数值模拟与分析,并研究其轧制过程中的变形规律及成形情况,为轧制生产合格环件提供合理工艺。结果显示:42CrMo环件轧制成形的模拟结果和理论研究吻合,大变形区为环件外圈,内径扩大速度大于外径;等效应变值外圈大于内圈,中心最小,最大等效应变处于轴向端面的棱角处;环件温度外圈高于内圈,中心最高,端面棱角处最低;材料损伤最严重的部位为轴向端面,最大损伤值为0.645。对模拟结果进行理论验证和实际试验验证,环件尺寸的模拟值和理论值误差在5%以内,试验结果和模拟结果接近。     

薄板轧制的接触摩擦及其对轧制力的影响

借助非线性有限元软件Marc,采用弹塑性有限元方法对轧制力进行了模拟,模拟结果与实测值对比说明计算模型是精确可靠的。利用此模型,在压下量及其他条件不变情况下只改变接触摩擦,计算了接触摩擦的改变对轧制力的影响。得出了轧制力沿接触弧的分布、摩擦力沿接触弧的分布及接触摩擦与轧制力的关系等一些有意义的结果。     

铸态AZ31B镁合金变温轧制过程及流变应力研究

在变形温度250~450、应变速率0.005~5 下对圆柱试样进行了Gleeble高温压缩试验,并对不同初轧温度、不同轧制压下量下的热轧制过程进行了轧制试验、数值模拟及损伤分析。采用动态材料模型中的计算方法计算了热加工图,用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立了单向压缩时的流变应力模型,最后综合传热学基本原理及轧制理论,建立了变温轧制过程中的流变应力模型。研究结果表明：合理分解温度范围求解单向压缩流变应力模型,有效提高了模型的预测精度;轧制前滑区和后滑区的主传热机制有所区别,考虑到轧辊对轧件的作用力主要分布在后滑区,则此区域为边裂重点研究区域;数值模拟过程中轧件边部区域的Normalized Cockcraft and Latham损伤值最大,并且随着变形温度的降低以及道次压下量的增大而增大,此现象与轧制实验结果相符,不同轧制条件下轧制流变应力模型的求解结果与数值模拟结果较吻合。     

轧制接触面摩擦因数计算模型的优化

在无缝钢管轧制过程中,需要精确计算轧制接触界面的摩擦因数。考虑到现有摩擦因数计算模型的不足,为提高轧制接触界面摩擦因数的预测精度,建立了一种反映实际轧制工况的非线性摩擦因数模型;利用非线性优法方法和实测数据优化模型参数。结果表明:该模型的计算值与实际测量值吻合良好,满足企业生产的实际需要。     

铸态AZ31B镁合金变温轧制过程及流变应力

在变形温度250~450℃、应变速率0.005~5 s-1下对铸态AZ31B镁合金圆柱试样进行了Gleeble高温压缩实验。对不同初轧温度、不同轧制压下量下镁合金的热轧制过程进行了实验、数值模拟及损伤分析。采用动态材料模型中的计算方法计算了热加工图,用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立了单向压缩时的流变应力模型,最后综合传热学基本原理及轧制理论,建立了变温轧制过程中的流变应力模型。研究结果表明:合理分解温度范围求解单向压缩流变应力模型,有效提高了模型的预测精度;轧制前滑区和后滑区的主传热机制有所区别,考虑到轧辊对轧件的作用力主要分布在后滑区,则此区域为边裂重点研究区域;数值模拟过程中轧件边部区域的Normalized Cockcraft and Latham损伤值最大,并且随着变形温度的降低以及道次压下量的增大而增大。此现象与轧制实验结果相符,不同轧制条件下轧制流变应力模型的求解结果与数值模拟结果较吻合。     

中厚板轧制过程平面形状控制道次轧制压力分布数值分析

采用显式动力学弹塑性有限元方法和几何模型更新技术,对中厚板轧制过程中平面形状控制道次进行了模拟。对平面形状控制道次中3个阶段轧制压力分布、轧制力变化进行了分析,所计算平稳阶段轧制力值与实测轧制力值吻合较好。     

热带钢粗轧机组温度场有限元模拟

针对宝钢2050mm热轧带钢粗轧机组的轧制工艺条件，采用有限元法建立了热应力耦合二维温度场有限元仿真模型，并模拟了全过程。给出了带钢沿厚度方向各处温度随时间的变化曲线，得出了高压水除鳞、接触传热对板材温度场的影响模型。同时给出了各道次轧制力计算结果。模拟得到的粗轧段出口温度及轧制力与宝钢现场实测数据值相吻合。     

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR THE PREDICTION OF SURFACE PROFILE OF OUTGOING WORKPIECE AND THE CALCULATION OF MEAN ROLL RADIUS IN ALLOY BAR ROLLING

In alloy bar rolling process, the component of alloyed steel influenced the spread coefficient greatly, therefore, the component influence coefficient m of different alloyed steel has been determined firstly to calculate the maximum spread. Then the curvature radius of stress free surface and the ＂critical point on the contact boundary＂ have been solved, the surface profile of outgoing workpiece has been obtained. Furthermore, the formula of the equivalent contact section area has been proposed and the mean roll radius has been calculated. The bar rolling experiment and the rigid-plastic FEM （finite element method） simulation have been carried out to verify the novel approach. Compared with experimental data and simulation results, the novel approach can be used in setting processing parameter and design of finishing groove.     

Specific pressure in steel rod rolling with grooves

In the design of roll stands for use in grooved steel rod rolling, the contact pressure between the rolls and the incoming workpiece is very important. This value can be estimated with the help of a number of analytical and semiempirical models described in the published scientific and technical literature. In this study, the possibility of using numerical simulation in determining the contact pressure during the rolling of a round bar with oval grooves is analyzed. The results of the numerical analyses are then compared with those of two other modified analytical models.     

Analysis of asymmetrical hot strip rolling by the slab method

Two analytical models based on the slab method are proposed to examine the behavior of sheet at the roll gap during the asymmetrical hot strip rolling process. In model I, the effect of shear stress in vertical plane at the roll gap is considered, whereas this effect is neglected in model II. Neutral points between rolls and strip, rolling pressure distributions along the contact art length of rolls, rolling forces, and rolling torques can be calculated easily by these proposed analytical models. The results including rolling pressure distributions, rolling forces, and rolling torques by both models are compared. The rolling pressure distribution predicted by model I shows that a “pressure well” develops in the cross shear region. On the other hand, no “pressure well” is predicted in model II. Furthermore, the rolling forces predicted by model I are always lower than those measured in the experiment, whereas those predicted by model II are always higher. However, the averages of the values predicted by model I and II are in fairly good agreement with the experimental data. Thus this analytical approach can offer useful knowledge in designing the pass schedules of the asymmetrical hot strip rolling processes.     

Stress analysis of asymmetrical cold rolling of clad sheet using the slab method

An analytical model for general asymmetrical cold rolling of clad sheet bonded before rolling was proposed to explore the plastic deformation behavior of the clad sheet using the slab method. The model allowed easy calculation of the neutral points between the upper and lower rolls and the clad sheet; rolling pressure distribution along the contact interface of the roll, horizontal stresses in the component layers of the clad sheet, shear stresses at the interface of the clad sheet, and rolling force. These characteristics as affected by various rolling conditions (e.g., thickness ratio and shear yield stress ratio of the raw clad sheet, roll speed ratio, reduction, frictional coefficient, roll radius ratio, etc.) were analyzed systematically. This approach yielded complete forms for the rolling pressure distribution, rolling force, and rolling torque. Moreover, the computational time required by this analytical model is about 1/20 to 1/25 of that required by the RUNGE KUTTA numerical method under the same rolling conditions.     

Influence of roll radius on contact condition and material deformation in skin-pass rolling of steel strip

Skin-pass rolling (or temper rolling) is the final forming step in the production of cold rolled steel sheets. Although a large roll radius compared to the contact length is one of the characteristics of skin-pass rolling conditions, numerous studies have been conducted thus far using laboratory mills with small radius rolls. In this paper, the influence of roll radius on the contact condition and material deformation in skin-pass rolling is examined and clarified by numerical analysis by an elastic–plastic FEM analysis as well as experimental rolling tests, which were performed to verify the result of the analysis. Some characteristics of skin-pass rolling related to pressure distribution, contact condition and material deformation are not properly simulated using small radius rolls. Considering characteristic skin-pass rolling conditions, two cases using simplified models, i.e., vertical compression and rolling with a circular, rigid roll, were analyzed.     

冷连轧过程工作辊辊间接触模型研究

辊间接触对高速冷连轧过程有重要影响。针对1 750 mm冷连轧机组的设备与带钢轧制的工艺特点,通过对UCM轧机辊系的受力分析,采用离散化处理方法和影响函数法,建立了辊系弹性变形影响函数模型、轧辊压扁影响函数模型,并给出了辊系变形的基本物理方程,基于接触力学,最终提出了冷连轧过程中工作辊辊间接触判定准则,为精确计算工作辊间的压力分布提供了理论依据。同时,研究了工作辊辊间接触对单位宽度轧制力分布、工作辊与中间辊辊间单位压力分布、工作辊弯曲挠度和压扁量分布以及成品带钢横向厚度分布的影响。实践证明,建立的辊间接触和辊系变形计算模型具有较高的计算精度,能充分反映轧后带钢的横向厚度分布和板形分布规律,适合于工业生产实践。     

An analytical approach to asymmetrical cold strip rolling using the slab method

An analytical model for general asymmetrical cold rolling is proposed to investigate the behavior of sheet during asymmetrical rolling using the slab analysis. Neutral points between the upper and lower rolls and the strip, rolling pressure distribution along the contact interface of the roll and strip, and rolling forces, as well as rolling torque, can be calculated easily using this model. Rolling pressure distribution, rolling force, and rolling torque, which are affected by various rolling conditions such as roll speed ratio, thick-ness reduction, front and back tension, etc., are analyzed. Additionally, the limiting rolling conditions be-tween reduction and roll speed ratio, or front and back tension, under which the rolling process can be accomplished successfully, are discussed. By comparing analytical results and experimental measure-ments of rolling force, it is apparent that the proposed model can successfully provide useful knowledge for designing the pass schedule of the asymmetrical cold strip rolling process.     

主应力法计算蛇形轧制的轧制力

使用主应力法建立蛇形轧制过程中轧制力与轧制力矩的解析预测模型。将解析模型的计算结果与实验结果进行比较,验证了解析模型的准确性。运用该模型对蛇形轧制过程中不同的异速比、轧辊偏移距离、压下量和摩擦系数对轧制力和轧制力矩的影响规律进行研究。同时研究"搓轧区"对轧制力和轧制力矩的影响。结果表明,异速比的增大将导致"搓轧区"的增大,从而使轧制力和上轧辊轧制力矩减小,下轧辊轧制力矩增加。当异速比增大到速度较大的轧辊带动速度较小的轧辊时,慢速轧辊的轧制力矩将变为负值。轧辊错位距离的增大导致"搓轧区"减小,从而导致轧制力增加,上、下轧辊轧制力矩减小。压下量的增加导致"搓轧区"的减小,从而导致轧制力和上、下轧辊轧制力矩的增加。轧辊与轧板之间摩擦系数的增加使"搓轧区"减小,同时导致轧制力和上、下轧辊轧制力矩同时减小。研究为蛇形轧制在超大厚度板材制造中的应用,提供了理论基础。     

不同变形区组成下铝合金厚板蛇形轧制板曲率建模分析

蛇形轧制作为一种新型的轧制工艺为高性能厚铝板生产提供了一种新方法,但是传统的异步轧制弯曲曲率模型不能用于蛇形轧制,蛇形轧制缺少精准的轧后曲率计算模型。根据变形区的特征及中性点的位置,确定了变形区组成及其存在边界条件;塑性变形区最多可分成4个区,对不同组成情况的变形区进行了分析,建立了各种情况下单位压力和上、下部分累积剪应变偏差模型,在此基础上建立了剪切应变引起的弯曲曲率模型,根据流动准则建立了轴向应变引起的弯曲曲率模型,最终建立了不同辊径比下的蛇形轧制的弯曲曲率模型。考虑到厚度方向变形的不均匀性,在建模过程中引入均匀系数E,使模型更加精确。采用Ansys模拟和实验数据进行了模型精度的间接验证。结果表明,与模拟和间接实验结果相比,最大和最小相对误差分别为10.71%和0.34%,证实了模型精度,可应用于弯曲曲率预测及控制;同时研究了不同工艺参数（偏移量、辊径比、压下量、工件初始厚度等）对弯曲曲率的影响规律。研究结果为厚规格铝板蛇形轧制生产提供重要理论和技术支持。