新型液压成形技术的研究进展

针对我国航空航天、汽车及核电等关键领域对精密零部件的迫切需求,以及目前液压成形技术应用中遇到的常见问题和缺陷,提出研发针对异形空心零件的脉动液压成形技术,和适用于复杂曲面薄壁板类零件的高能率冲击液压成形技术。分别从技术原理、成形机制、工艺设备和应用领域等方面进行了阐述和介绍。研究结果表明,两种新型液压成形技术能够充分发挥控形与控性一体化的优势,避免成形过程中的材料失稳和产品缺陷,显著提高管材和板材的成形能力和成形质量,未来有望在汽车和航空领域得到更为广泛的应用。     

AZ80镁合金板材快速气压胀形工艺研究

快速气压胀形是一种源自超塑性气压胀形的新成形技术,为获得AZ80镁合金板材的快速气压胀形成形性能,以挤压-冷轧加工的AZ80镁合金板材为研究对象,采用半球件自由胀形实验研究了1.0 mm厚板材在250~400℃和0.4~1.6 MPa下的快速气压胀形能力,分析了半球件和盒形件的壁厚分布规律,并对快速气压胀形过程的断裂模式进行了研究.研究结果表明,AZ80镁合金板材在350℃下具有良好的快速气压胀形能力,在350℃、0.8 MPa下的胀形高度可达38 mm,高径比达到0.95,并得到胀破高度、胀形高度与胀形时间之间的关系.在此基础上,进行了1.2 mm厚板材的盒形件快速气压胀形实验,得到高20 mm的轮廓清晰、表面质量良好的胀形件.     

金属板材成形的静力隐式有限元分析与程序设计

阐述了用于板材成形过程静力隐式数值模拟的弹塑性大变形有限元方法,基于给出的方法编制了板材成形过程数值模拟软件,并对矩形板的液压胀形进行了有限元分析,计算结果与典型的实验结果吻合很好.对球形模具拉伸成形过程进行了数值模拟,给出了计算结果.     

可移动凹模对板材液压成形影响的研究

为了研究可移动凹模对板材液压成形的影响,进行了有无可移动凹模与不同可移动凹模加载方式(方式1与方式2)的板材液压成形试验.研究结果表明:比较有无可移动凹模对板材液压成形厚度分布的影响,在有可移动凹模时,成形零件厚度分布比较均匀,这种技术有利于提高板材的成形极限;没有可移动凹模,板材难于成形,尤其对于复杂零件;可移动凹模加载方式2比加载方式1更有利于板材厚度的均匀分布.     

柔性压辊拉形方式及其夹钳对板材成形的影响

为提高大型板类件拉形精度,介绍了传统整体夹钳拉形机的特点,提出了新型柔性压辊拉形原理.以球形件为例,分别对两种夹钳结构的拉伸成形过程建立有限元模型,并进行数值模拟,对比分析了两种夹钳结构作用下的成形结果.研究表明:柔性压辊拉形方式所得的成形件,其应力、应变分布均匀,成形质量较整体夹钳方式明显提高;而采用传统整体夹钳所成形的部件,其局部应力集中现象相对严重.利用柔性压辊拉形理论,分别对采用平板式结构夹钳和拉延筋式结构夹钳成形球形件的过程建立有限元模型并进行模拟分析,根据板材拉形过程的流动理论,对比分析两种夹持方式下板材的流动状态.研究发现:采用拉延筋式夹钳进行拉伸成形,处于夹钳中的板材流动效果较好;而利用平板式夹钳的成形过程中,板材流动量较小.实验验证结果与模拟结果趋势一致.     

高精度17-4PH不锈钢隔碗拉深液压胀形复合成形工艺参数优化

目的 针对17-4PH不锈钢冷成形回弹大、贴模性差等问题,研究17-4PH不锈钢隔碗零件的拉深成形和液压胀形规律,确定隔碗零件拉深液压胀形复合成形的最佳工艺及参数.方法 利用有限元方法确定并优化了拉深预成形和液压胀形中的工艺参数.基于优化后的结果设计并制造了相关的模具,最终通过试验验证了有限元方法的有效性.结果 结合数值模拟和试验的方法,提出了零件先拉深预成形、后液压胀形的多步成形方案,逐步优化了成形工艺参数,最终成形出了满足尺寸和精度要求的高精度隔碗零件.结论 通过数值模拟获得了最佳的坯料直径及多步成形中的关键工艺参数,基于数值模拟优化为主和试验验证为辅的设计制造理念,解决了17-4PH不锈钢冷成形回弹大和贴模性差的问题.     

基于YX28-400/650C双动液压机的板材液压成形装备的研制

板材液压成形技术以其工艺柔性高、制件质量好、成本低等优点在汽车、航空航天等领域得到应用,应用前景十分广阔.针对基于YX28-400/650C型双动压力机的充液拉深装备进行研究,介绍了它的总体方案设计、模具结构特点、液压系统和自控系统及使用情况.     

复杂曲面件多向加载液压成形技术

为了满足航天、航空、汽车等领域对深腔复杂曲面板材零件的迫切需求,研发了多向加载液压成形新技术。介绍了该技术原理、变形规律和典型成形件,分析了多向加载液压成形液压加载方式对变形均匀性、起皱行为、成形极限和应力变化的影响规律。研究表明,该技术在提高成形极限和成形精度,改善壁厚分布和变形均匀性,减少成形道次等方面,具有十分广阔的应用潜力。     

半球形件粘性介质压力成形的数值模拟研究

粘性压力成形技术是金属板材成形领域里新近出现的一种先进的加工工艺.对双面施放粘性介质的板材胀形进行了模拟研究,在双面施放介质的板材粘性介质胀形时,排放孔位置分布对毛坯成形过程有明显的影响.排放孔位置分布的不同造成模腔内介质的速度场不同,进而导致板材不同部位的流动速度的方向大小发生变化,最终使成形件的厚度分布不同.     

镁合金板件温热成形技术的几个新进展

介绍了镁合金薄壁板材的温热冲压成形技术、温热液压成形技术和局部热冲锻成形技术.与传统镁合金冲压成形在250℃以上温度不同,温热成形可以在105～170℃之间进行,筒形件温热成形时其极限拉深比可达1.4～2.6,可以满足大多数镁合金薄板件的成形需要.镁合金薄板温热成形工艺在电子器件外壳和汽车薄板件的生产方面具有很好的发展前景,可以取代压铸技术生产新一代优质的镁合金产品.温热液压成形技术适合生产数码相机壳等复杂形面的镁合金板件,有很好的应用前景.局部热冲锻成形技术可以成形局部带有凸台的镁合金薄板件,该技术使镁合金板件具有替代压铸件的技术优势.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.