嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机影像超分辨率重建算法

针对嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机空间分辨率不足的问题,运用最大后验概率估计法(MAP)实现了月表影像的超分辨率重建。介绍了嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机的成像模型,分析了图像获取过程中的主要影响因素,并建立了相应的超分辨率重建模型。基于该模型,首先采用误差-参数分析法估计嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机动态成像光学系统的点扩散函数(PSF);然后将估计的PSF应用到MAP算法所建立的目标函数中,采用共轭梯度法对目标函数进行最值求解;再通过VC软件平台编程实现了对单帧正视月表影像的超分辨率重建;最后从信息熵、清晰度和频谱等方面对重建图像进行评价,结果表明重建图像像质优良。     

基于小波域特征提取的360度全景图像质量评价

随着虚拟现实(VR)技术的发展,其中代表性的360度全景图像越来越受到关注.本文针对360度全景图像在传输、压缩、储存过程中容易产生失真的特点,结合研究当下流行的编码技术对其质量影响的客观需求,研究了360 度全景图像的质量评价.设计了使用小波域提取能量波动等特征信息的半参考质量评价方法,用来对经过压缩的360 度全景图像进行质量评价.通过与其他图像质量评价算法结果的比较,验证了此方法具有较高的性能.     

基于多相机系统标定的全景拼接算法研究

全景拼接技术是当前全景技术的重点,而多相机系统被越来越多的应用于全景技术中。文章提出了一种基于多相机系统标定的全景拼接方法,利用通过标定得到的相机系统相关参数,将多相机系统拍摄得到的图像进行畸变矫正与旋转变换处理,以提高全景拼接的效果。使用基于特征描述符的标定板对多相机系统进行标定,获得相机的内部参数和外部参数;利用Mercator投影,结合标定得到的内部参数对鱼眼图像进行畸变矫正,外部参数则用于对矫正后的图像进行旋转变换处理,使它们在同一世界坐标系下;用Harris算法对相邻待拼接图像的特征点进行检测匹配,进而拼接成全景图。通过实验验证,该全景拼接算法具有不错的拼接精度,没有出现误匹配的情况。     

综合信息

我国公布嫦娥一号拍摄的首幅月球极区图像国防科工委1月31日正式发布首幅由嫦娥一号卫星拍摄的月球极区图像,这是我国首次获得此类图像。国家航天局新闻发言人裴照宇表示,按照工程总体方案,嫦娥一号卫星上的CCD相机要求的成像范围在月面南北纬70度以内。而在对CCD相机的能力评估后,从1月4日起,科学家开始     

基于图像评价的周视成像参数优化设计

利用相机与场景的相对运动可以实现可见光周视成像,针对图像最优化和实时性问题,提出了一种基于图像综合评价的系统参数最优设计方法。首先根据转台运动速度,分析可见光相机的参数范围;然后根据系统应用场景的特点选择不同的评价函数对单帧图像进行综合评价,根据评价结果选择最优的系统参数,进而获得最好的成像质量。实验结果显示,该方法是有效可行的,得到的图像细节清晰,色彩丰富;而且系统能够改变全景图像的刷新速率,实时显示周视图像;同时该方法能够适应不同的应用场景,易于工程应用。     

折反式红外全景天空相机光学系统设计

利用红外全景天空相机可以获得天空中云的分布和温度信息,从而可对天气状况做出判断。采用等距离投影成像方式,可根据简单的数据转换关系从天空全景图像中任意点的位置坐标得到其对应的空间角度。为了实现等距离投影红外全景相机的设计,提出了一种简洁高效的计算等距离投影反射镜面型的数值方法,并在此基础上设计了8~12 m 长波红外波段全景天空相机。该相机的视场角为360（5~80）,校准畸变量在0.02%以下,MTF 值在探测器Nyquist 频率处高于0.4,非常适用于全景天空观测。     

基于圆心真实图像坐标计算的高精度相机标定方法

在基于圆点阵二维平面靶标的相机标定方法中,直接在拍摄的标靶图像中提取的椭圆中心并非真实的圆心投影像点,该圆心成像投影偏差必然会降低相机参数标定精度。基于此,提出将标靶图像逆向投影至空间虚拟矩阵以获得真实圆心像点的迭代标定算法。首先,使用椭圆中心提取方法进行平面相机标定;其次,由标定参数和拍摄图像进行逆向投影获得虚拟物理标靶图像,在近似圆虚拟图像上完成圆心坐标提取;再次,将虚拟圆心坐标转化为物理坐标值并投影到图像上,将其作为圆心真实像点坐标值来进行相机标定;最后,经多次迭代投影和标定完成高精度相机标定。模拟和实验结果表明,所提方法将相机标定精度提高约一倍,可为三维重建和视觉测量提供高精度的相机参数。     

视轴抖动对成像质量影响的研究

为了对振动图像进行稳像处理及相机平台稳定装置的设计提供理论依据,研究了视轴抖动对成像质量的影响。分析了视轴抖动的原因及特点,在此基础上,提出了按图像灰度算法分析振动模糊图像的方法。利用仿真模型获得了视轴抖动情况下,不同抖动参数所对应的模糊图像的仿真图。搭建了一套振动成像实验装置,在实验中加载不同的振动源,可以得到不同振源下的模糊图像。利用图像的灰度均方误差评价成像质量,结果表明:在误差允许范围内,不论是在实验条件下,还是在仿真条件下,视轴抖动对成像质量影响的结果基本一致,从而验证了仿真算法的正确性。在实际应用中,可以通过仿真来分析视轴抖动对成像质量的影响。     

高分辨率CCD相机传递函数的实时计算

为了获得大数据量、高速图像下传的高分辨率CCD相机的实时传递函数,提出了一种基于图像快视与采集记录系统的CCD相机成像质量自动评价方法。应用计算机高速信息采集和存储技术,在分析对比度传递函数和调制传递函数之间关系的基础上,利用高对比度矩形靶标法计算CCD相机的传递函数,设计了传递函数实时计算系统,从而完成对CCD相机整机系统的像质实时评价。实验结果表明：当像元数达到20 000个,采集速度达到3.2Gb/s时,该方法能够高速率并且准确实时地计算传递函数。     

两线阵立体测绘CCD相机光学系统设计

为使嫦娥二号卫星CCD立体相机在100km高度的圆轨上能够获取地元分辨率力为7m的图像,设计了一种两线阵立体测绘CCD相机光学系统。介绍了两线阵立体测绘相机的工作原理。根据卫星总体的指标要求,对光学系统的主要参数进行了详细计算,确定系统的焦距为144.4mm,视场角为42°,相对孔径为F/9,光谱范围为450～520nm。光学系统采用6组7片型消畸变复杂化的双高斯结构形式,在50lp/mm奈奎斯特空间频率下平均调制传递函数为0.67。给出了嫦娥二号卫星CCD立体相机在100km高度的首轨图像和极区图像,图像清晰、层次丰富,表明该光学系统能满足任务要求。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.