HP40Nb钢热浸镀Al-Si高温氧化行为及组织研究

为提高高温抗氧化性能,对HP40Nb钢进行了热浸镀Al-10%(质量分数)Si,并进行不同温度扩散处理,研究了不同扩散处理试样在1000℃条件下的高温氧化行为,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析了经不同扩散处理后的渗层在高温氧化过程中的组织结构变化.结果表明:经800℃/4h扩散处理,渗层由内层(NiAl+ Cr3 Si)...     

铌硅化物基超高温合金Si-Y2O3共渗涂层的组织及其高温抗氧化性能

采用Si-Y₂O₃包埋共渗工艺在铌硅化物基超高温合金表面制备Y改性的硅化物涂层, 研究其在1250℃的恒温氧化性能. 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)与X射线衍射(XRD)分析Si-Y₂O₃共渗涂层氧化前后的物相组成和组织变化. 结果表明：涂层具有明显分层的结构, 由外至内依次为(Nb,X)Si₂(X表示Ti, Hf和Cr)外层和(Nb,X)₅Si₃过渡层, 在过渡层与基体之间有不连续分布的细小(Cr,Al)₂(Nb,Ti)块状沉淀. EDS分析表明, 涂层中的Y分布是不均匀的, (Cr,Al)₂(Nb,Ti)相的Y含量为0.94at%左右, 而(Nb,X)Si₂和(Nb,X)₅Si₃相的Y含量为0.46at%～0.57at%. 经1250℃分别氧化5, 10, 20, 50和100h后, Si-Y₂O₃共渗涂层保持其原始的相组成, 并在其表面形成以TiO₂、 SiO₂和Cr₂O₃组成的致密混合氧化膜, 且与基体结合良好.     

Microstructure of interfacial reaction zone in SCS-6 SiC fibre reinforced super α2 composites

Abstract

The microstructure of the interfacial reaction zone in SCS-6 SiC/super α2 composites heat treated at 700°C for 3000 h was investigated by means of analytical transmission electron microscopy. The very fine grained reaction layer adjacent to the carbon coating of the SiC fibre was found to consist of two sub layers, determined to be (Ti, V)C and (Ti, V,Nb)₅Si₃. The second layer is (Ti,Nb)C with large equiaxed grainsfollowed by the third layer consisting of the (Ti,Nb)₃(Al,Si)C phase. This layer is separated from the matrix by a fourth layer with the phase composition (Ti,Nb)₅(Si,Al)₃. At some interface positions, the two layers of(Ti,Nb)C and (Ti,Nb)₃(Al,Si)C are separated by an additional layer of the (Ti,Nb)₃(Si,Al) phase. The thickening of the interfacial reaction zone at 700°C is mainly due to the layers of (Ti, Nb)₃(Al,Si)C and (Ti,Nb)₃(Si,Al). The growth of these two layers is probably responsible for the degradation of the mechanical properties of the composites.     

Nb–Al diffusion reaction in high Nb containing TiAl porous alloys

High Nb containing TiAl porous alloys were synthesised by powder metallurgy (PM). In order to reveal reaction mechanism of Nb in preparation of the porous alloys, Nb–Al diffusion reaction was investigated using diffusion couples at relatively low temperatures of 600–800°C. The porous Nb–Al diffusion layer was identified as NbAl₃ phase and the thickness of diffusion layer indicated that the Nb–Al diffusion mainly occurred at 800°C. In addition, the pore diameter distribution indicated that Nb–Al diffusion also contributed to the increase in pore diameter. According to these results, the diffusion reaction model was established for high Nb containing TiAl porous alloys.     

Role of Y4Al2O9 in High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of NiCoCrAlY-ZrO2.Y2O3 Coatings

NiCoCrAlY-ZrO2·Y2O3 coatings were deposited on the substrates by using a technology of combining electron,atom and ion beams （three beams）. Isothermal oxidation for these samples was performed at 1100℃ for 100-300 h. The results show that a thermally grown oxide （TGO） layer was formed between NiCoCrAlY layer and oxidation. The TGO contains α-Al2O3 and Y4Al2O9 etc. oxides. The intensity ratio of α-Al2O3/Y4Al2O9 was monotonously decreased with increasing oxidation time based on XRD （X-ray diffraction） analysis. The Y4Al2O9 phase plays the most important role in high temperature oxidation resistance at 1100℃. The related mechanism was also discussed.     

反应烧结法制备(AlN,TiN)-Al2O3复合材料的研究

以Ti,Al,Al₂O₃为初始粉料,通过750~800℃氮气保护下的中温焙烧,然后在1420~1550℃在氮气氛下反应烧结,制备了不同配比的(AlN,TiN)-Al₂O₃复合材料。研究了组成及烧结工艺对复合材料力学性能、显微结构等的影响。用XRD,SEM等方法分析粉体及烧结体的相组成及微观结构。分析结果表明:AlN,TiN的形成,有助于材料的致密化并使其力学性能提高。组成为20wt%(Al,Ti)-Al₂O₃的粉体在1520℃、30MPa、保温、保压30min热压烧结条件下,与N₂气反应可得到硬度(HRA)为 94.1的高硬度的(AlN,TiN)-Al₂O₃复合材料,该材料的抗弯强度为687 MPa,断裂韧性(K_IC)为6.5MPa·m1/2。     

Processing of Ceramic Based Nanocomposite Using α-Al2O3 Powder and FeCl2 Solution as Starting Materials

Alumina-iron nanocomposite powders were prepared by a two-step process. In the first step, α-Al2O3-FeCl2 powder mixture was formed by mixing α-Al2O3 powders with FeCl2 solution followed by drying. In the second step, the FeCl2 in the dry power mixture was selectively reduced to iron particles. A reduction temperature of 750℃ for 15 min in dry H2 was chosen based on the thermodynamic calculations. The concentration of iron in FeCl2 solution was calculated to be 20 vol. pct in the final composite. Two techniques were used to produce composite bulk materials. The Al2O3 nanocomposite powders were divided to two batches. The first batch of the produced mixture was hot pressed at 1400℃ and 27 MPa for 30 min in a graphite die. To study the effect of oxygen on the Al2O3/Fe interface bonding and mechanical properties of the composite,the second batch was heat treated in air at 700℃ for 20 min to partially oxidize the iron particles before hot pressing. Characterization of the composites was undertaken by conventional density measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). The suggested processing route (mixing, reduction and hot pressing)produces ceramic-metal nanocomposite much tougher than the pure Al2O3. The fracture strength of the produced Al2O3/Fe nanocomposite is nearly twice that of the pure Al2O3. The presence of spinel phase,FeAl2O4, as thick layer around the Fe particles in the Al2O3 matrix has a detrimental effect on interfacial bonding between Fe and Al2O3 and the fracture properties of the composite.     

YAG-Al2O3纳米复合材料的制备和力学性能

本文介绍用化学共沉淀和在适当温度下煅烧以直接制备YAG-Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的新方法．XRD结果表明,所得粉体具纯的YAG和α-Al2 O3相,因此其化学组成符合配料的组分设计．用本方法制备的25vol％YAG-Al2 O3复合粉体经热压烧结,所得的致密体材料为晶内型纳米复合材料,其抗弯强度达612MPa,断裂韧性为4．54MPa．m-1/2,都比单相Al2 O 3陶瓷有大幅度提高．     

液相沉淀法制备ZTA 纳米复相陶瓷

以NH₄Al(SO₄ )₂·12H₂O , ZrOCl₂·8H₂O , Y(NO₃ ) 3为母盐, 用NH4 HCO₃作沉淀剂, 控制滴定速度小于5 mL/ min , 采用液相沉淀法制备了纳米3 Y-ZrO₂ / Al₂O₃前驱体。分析了添加籽晶和煅烧温度对粉体性能的影响。在1000 ℃煅烧得到了分散性良好, 平均粒径为10 nm , 两相分布均匀的纳米复合粉体, XRD 分析显示前驱体在煅烧过程中无中间相γ-Al₂O₃ 和θ-Al₂O₃生成, 粉体具有较高的烧结活性, 在1550 ℃烧结3 h 后烧结体致密度达到98. 6 % , 断裂韧性可达7. 68 MPa·m1/2 。      

碳酸铝铵法制备圆饼状α-Al_2O_3粉末

在碳酸铝铵法制备氧化铝工艺的基础上,通过加入晶体生长促进剂及改变热分解工艺等方法,有效控制了α-Al2O3颗粒的大小和形貌。结果表明:促进剂对α-Al2O3的相变过程影响很大,加入促进剂后使其相转变温度降低了200℃,至1000℃时已完全转变为α-Al2O3相;升温方式对α-A2lO3颗粒的形貌影响很大,将含促进剂的样品直接入高温炉煅烧时,倾向于形成六角片状颗粒;而先低温后高温煅烧时则会形成圆饼状颗粒。通过控制升温过程,可以控制得到粒径较小的圆饼状α-Al2O3颗粒,且分散性良好。     

The Reaction Process of NbAl Interface in Rod-in-Tube Strands

We investigated the reaction process of NbAl in samples prepared by the rod-in-tube method. Precursor strands were isothermally heat-treated at a very wide temperature range from 800 to 1,400 °C for 48 h. As a result, we obtained NbAl₃ and NbAl diffusion layers below 1,000 °C; NbAl₃ and Nb₂Al at 1,000 to 1,200 °C; and NbAl₃, Nb₂Al, and a small amount of nonstoichiometric Nb₃Al at 1,400 °C. Diffusion or reaction layers were observed clearly by scanning electron microscope for all of the samples mentioned above. Furthermore, nonstoichiometric Nb₃Al phase can be found only at 1,400 °C through a higher resolution. Additionally, magnetic measurement results also show that the superconducting transition temperature is about 14.8 K only for the sample obtained at 1,400 °C for 48 h.     

Ce对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金亚快速凝固铸造组织的影响

通过XRD,DSC,SEM,EDS等现代分析方法,研究了稀土元素Ce在不同凝固冷却速率下对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金显微组织、凝固温度的影响,分析讨论了Ce对合金晶粒细化和熔体净化作用的原理。结果表明,合金的主要析出相为α-Al和MgZn_2型共晶相,MgZn_2固溶了Al,Cu,Mg等元素并形成了Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)_2相,在晶界上溶质元素浓度较高,与α-Al基体共晶形成层片状共晶组织。添加Ce能使合金枝晶间距减小,并减小共晶层片间距和细化共晶组织,显著细化晶粒,并抑制铝合金中的杂质相Al7Cu2Fe的出现。Ce还将合金α-Al基体和共晶相的析出温度分别降低了6.4℃和5.6℃。     

5A06/TA2 diffusion bonding with Nb diffusion-retarding layers

The structure and performance of 5A06/TA2 diffusion bonding joints with or without Nb diffusion-retarding layers were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and shear strength measurement. The results showed that a diffusion reaction occurred and Al₁₈Ti₂Mg₃ was formed, which markedly decreased the joint strength, and the highest shear strength of 5A06/TA2 joint in direct bonding was 83 MPa. The Nb interlayer impeded the diffusion of Mg atoms from the Al side to the Ti side and also retarded the diffusion of Ti atoms from the Ti side to the Al side, which was acting as a diffusion-retarding layer. The joint strengths were increased by the Nb diffusion-retarding layers, and the highest shear strength reached 105 MPa. When Ti diffused across the Nb layer and achieved saturation nearby the interface with Al alloy, the diffusion reaction of Ti, Al and Mg occurred and Al₁₈Ti₂Mg₃ appeared which decreased the joint strength.     

Preparation and mechanical properties of Al2O3 reinforced by submicrometer Co particles

Al2O3/Co composites were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing a mixture of -Al2O3 powder and a fine cobalt powder. Submicron-sized cobalt particles were uniformly dispersed into the Al2O3 matrix, and the dispersed type was a more inter-/intragranular one with increases of cobalt content up to 40 wt% Co addition. The growth of cobalt particles occurred with increasing cobalt content. At 50 wt% Co addition, however, the growth as well as coalescence of cobalt particles occurred. The phases formed in the Al2O3/Co composites were f-Co(fcc), h-Co(hcp), -Al2O3, and a small amount of graphite. Significant improvements in bending strength (from 341 to 771 MPa) and fracture toughness (from 3.7 to 6.7 MPam1/2) of the Al2O3/40 wt% Co(23 vol% Co) composite compared to monolithic Al2O3 were achieved by dispersing submicron-sized Co particles into the Al2O3 matrix. The improvement in bending strength was attributed to the compressive thermal residual stress in the matrix Al2O3 induced by the mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the matrix Al2O3 grains and cobalt particles during cooling from hot-pressing temperature. The fracture toughness of the composite was enhanced by crack bridging, crack deflection, and compressive thermal residual stress.     

Microstructure Characteristics of Interaction Layer of Zn-Al Eutectic Alloy with Al_2O_3p/6061Al Composites

The interaction between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al203p/6061AI composites in the vacuum furnace was investigated. Great attention has been paid to the elements diffusion, the microstructure and formation of the interface between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061AI composites. Experimental results show that Zn-AI eutectic alloy has a good wetting ability to Al2O3p/6061 Al composites and the wetting angle decreases with increasing the temperature in vacuum. After the interaction, an interaction layer forms between Zn-AI alloy and Al2O3p/6061 Al composites. The phases in the interaction layer mainly consist of α-AI(Zn), Al2O3 and CuZn5 resulted from the diffusion of elements from the Zn-AI alloy. Several porosities distribute in the region near the interface of the Zn-AI alloy/interaction layer. The amount of shrinkage voids in the interacting layer is relevant to the penetration of Zn element into Al2O3p/6061Al composites which is a function of temperature. So it is necessary to lower heating temperat     

Microstructure Characteristics of Interaction Layer of Zn-Al Eutectic Alloy with Al2Oap/6061Al Composites

The interaction between Zn-Al eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061Al composites in the vacuum furnace was investigated. Great attention has been paid to the elements diffusion, the microstructure and formation of the interface between Zn-Al eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061Al composites. Experimental results show that Zn-Al eutectic alloy has a good wetting ability to Al2O3p/6061 Al composites and the wetting angle decreases with increasing the temperature in vacuum. After the interaction,an interaction layer forms between Zn-Al alloy and Al2Oap/6061 Al composites. The phases in the interaction layer mainly consist of α-Al(Zn), Al2O3 and CuZns resulted from the diffusion of elements from the Zn-Al alloy. Several porosities distribute in the region near the interface of the Zn-Al alloy/interaction layer. The amount of shrinkage voids in the interacting layer is relevant to the penetration of Zn element into Al2O3p/6061Al composites which is a function of temperature. So it is necessary to lower heating temperature in order to limit the Zn penetration.     

反应自生Al2O3-Al3Ti-Al 复合材料的抗弯曲性能

将压力铸造(Squeeze-Casting) 与燃烧合成(Combustion-Synthesis) 相结合, 利用TiO₂与Al 之间的反应, 成功地制备了金属相Al 含量不同的Al₂O₃-Al₃Ti-Al 原位复合材料系列。运用三点弯曲方法测试了复合材料的抗弯曲强度和弹性模量。结果表明: 复合材料具有较高的弯曲强度(410～ 490M Pa) 和弹性模量(156～ 216GPa) , 随着金属相Al 含量的增加, 弯曲强度开始有所升高,当A l 体积百分数超过40% 后便明显下降。而弹性模量始终呈降低趋势, 复合材料的高强度源于反应生成细小的Al₂O₃颗粒及Al₃Ti 相的增强作用。      

Effect of Cr and Ni on diffusion bonding of Fe3Al with steel

Microstructure at the diffusion bonding interface between Fe₃Al and steel including Q235 low carbon steel and Cr18-Ni8 stainless steel was analysed and compared by means of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Cr and Ni on microstructure at the Fe₃Al/steel diffusion bonding interface was discussed. The experimental results indicate that it is favourable for the diffusion of Cr and Ni at the interface to accelerate combination of Fe₃Al and steel during bonding. Therefore, the width of Fe₃Al/Cr18-Ni8 interface transition zone is more than that of Fe₃Al/Q235. And Fe₃Al dislocation couples with different distances, even dislocation net occurs at the Fe₃Al/Cr18-Ni8 interface because of the dispersive distribution of Cr and Ni in Fe₃Al phase.     

Understanding grain refining and anti Si-poisoning effect in Al-10Si/Al-5Nb-B system

Grain refinement is critical for fabricating high-quality Al-Si casting components in the application of automobile and aerospace industries,while the well-known Si-poisoning effect makes it difficult.Nbbased refiners offer an effective method to refine Al-Si casting alloys,but their anti Si-poisoning capability is far from being understood.In this work,the grain refining mechanism and the anti Si-poisoning effect in the Al-10 Si/Al-5 Nb-B system were systematically investigated by combining transmission electron microscope,first-principles calculations,and thermodynamic calculations.It is revealed that NbB₂provides the main nucleation site in the Al-10 Si ingot inoculated by 0.1 wt.%Nb Al-5 Nb-B refiner.The exposed Nb atoms on the(0001)NbB₂and(1-100)NbB₂surface can be substituted by Al to form(Al,Nb)B₂intermedia layers.In addition,a layer of NbAl₃-like compound(NbAl₃')can cover the surface of NbB₂with the orientation relation of(1-100)[11-20]NbB_2//(110)[110]NbAl₃'.Both of the(Al,Nb)B₂and NbAl₃'intermedia layers contribute to enhancing the nucleation potency of NbB₂particles.These discoveries provide fundamental insight to the grain refining mechanism of the Nb-B based refiners for Al-Si casting alloys and are expected to guide the future development of stronger refiners for Al-Si casting alloys.     

高温含水气氛对Pt改性NiCoCrAlY合金氧化行为的影响

为了研究Pt改性NiCoCrAlY合金在高温含水气氛中的高温抗氧化行为,进一步理解高温含水气氛对Pt改性涂层表面形貌以及产物的影响,采用电镀方式在NiCoCrAlY合金表层制备了一层1.5μm厚的Pt层,然后对涂层进行热处理。对Pt改性NiCoCrAlY涂层在1 050℃的空气和含水气氛下的高温氧化行为进行对比研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察表面形貌,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱(EDS)分析了涂层的相结构及成分。结果表明:在含水气氛下,Pt改性合金表面生成针状Al_2O_3,基体不同相β-NiAl与γ'-Ni_3Al在含水气氛中表现出不同的Al_2O_3生长速率,从而导致氧化层中生长应力的堆积,导致氧化层的剥落。