基于表面开孔光纤的集成式亚硝酸盐微流荧光传感器

利用中空悬挂芯光纤研制了一种将荧光猝灭反应区建立在空心光纤内部的光纤集成荧光在线微流传感器。利用CO2激光器在光纤表面刻蚀微孔,使得试剂可由微孔注入光纤内部并混合形成稳定的微流。在悬挂芯光纤纤芯倏逝场的激发下,指示剂分子产生荧光,所产生的荧光被耦合到纤芯内部并在出射端被检测。文中利用光纤内部的荧光猝灭反应实验确定了亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度。结果显示:微流可在短时间通过光纤,传感器能以较快的速度检测溶液浓度。另外,当亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度为0.1~2.6mmol/L时,荧光猝灭程度与溶液浓度呈较好的线性关系,结果证明了该集成式光纤内微流控传感器方案用于微量荧光检测的可行性。     

含金属芯压电纤维的传感特性研究

基于设计和工程实用性的需要,建立了含金属芯压电纤维压电传感器的理论模型。根据本构关系方程,推导出悬臂杆结构含金属芯压电纤维受轴向力和轴向应变后产生电荷的解析表达式;分别计算了不同半径比、含钨芯和铂金芯的压电纤维受到固定轴向力和固定轴向应变时产生的电荷值,分析了金属芯性能和半径比对产生电荷的影响。试验比较了不同长度和半径的压电纤维的准静态和动态应变传感性能,测试了等强度梁的固有振动频率。试验结果表明,该传感器具有较高的准静态和动态应变传感灵敏度,最高达0.163nC/με;具有较好的冲击振动传感性能。     

碳纤维制备过程中纤维微观组织的变化

利用透射电镜、元素分析仪、X射线衍射仪等分析方法，研究了碳纤维制备过程中纤维微观组织的变化。结果表明：纤维皮层组织致密，芯部疏松；原丝制备时形成的皮芯结构在预氧化、炭化过程中明显改善，但是不能消除；在碳纤维制备过程中，纤维中始终存在沿轴向的层状结构。预氧化和高温炭化阶段是成分变化较大的阶段，也是化学反应最剧烈的阶段。     

保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的光学游标效应及温度传感器

为了实现高灵敏度的温度传感,通过在基于保偏光纤Sagnac干涉仪的Sagnac环内增加一段保偏光纤,控制两段保偏光纤快轴熔接角度接近45°,设计并制造了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环结构。在理论上通过Jones矩阵推导了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的干涉谱公式,基于仿真分析研究了主要参数对保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环实现了光学游标效应,两段保偏光纤的平均长度、两段保偏光纤的长度差分别影响保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出干涉谱的波长间隔和包络周期;在实验中,将保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环应用在光纤温度传感器中。实验结果表明,在2cm的感温区域,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环温度传感器的灵敏度就达到了-2.44nm/℃,是普通Sagnac干涉环温度传感器(-0.163nm/℃)的14.97倍。     

Experimental study on pullout performance of sensing optical fibers in compacted sand

The distributed optical fiber sensing systems have played an increasingly important role in monitoring civil infrastructures over the past few years. One of the main challenges of their applications to geotechnical monitoring is to increase the reliability of strain sensing optical fibers in measuring the deformation of surrounding soil masses. In this paper, a pullout test method is proposed to characterize the deformation compatibility between an optical fiber and soil. A series of pullout tests on three types of sand-embedded optical fibers are conducted to investigate the performance of the fiber–sand interface. Based on the test results, an explicit tri-linear pullout force–displacement relationship is proposed to describe the mechanical behavior of the fiber–sand interface. The performance of the three fibers regarding fiber–sand interaction mechanism is evaluated in terms of ratio of effective pullout displacement to diameter, ratio of residual pullout displacement to diameter, peak shear strength and residual shear strength. All four parameters of the three fibers are found to have approximately linear relationships with the applied confining pressure, which reveals that the deformation compatibility of the fiber–sand interface is utterly dependent on the confining pressure. For all the three fibers, the first shear stiffness coefficient is about 8 N/mm and the ratio of residual to peak shear strength is about 0.5. Furthermore, the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is used to get the cohesions and friction angles of the three fiber–sand interfaces. Through a comparison of the pullout performance, one out of three types of fibers tested is found to be more preferable for soil deformation measurement in laboratory-scale tests. The conclusions can provide valuable references for predicting the fiber–soil interface behavior and evaluating the reliability of strain monitoring data.     

基于侧发光光纤对射耦合的光纤式液位测量

介绍了一种基于菲涅尔定律的光纤式液位测量方法,该方法利用介质折射率对双光纤之间光耦合效率的影响,使用两根并行排列的侧发光光纤作为测量元件,实现了对燃油液位的本质安全测量。通过理论分析得到了传感器的液位响应公式,进行传感器样机设计予以验证,在0.1～1 m范围内输出电压曲线变化趋势符合理论分析结果。     

Analysis of changes in optical fibers during arc-fusion splicing by use of quantitative phase imaging

A non-interferometric imaging technique in conjunction with Abel inversion is used to directly and quantitatively examine the changes in optical fibers due to the heating produced during arc-fusion splicing as a function of fusion arc parameters. Phase images in the vicinity of a fusion splice are obtained using Quantitative Phase Microscopy, allowing the refractive-index change to be reconstructed with high spatial resolution. This simple, nondestructive method confirms that, for a fixed arc current, while the fusion time increases, the refractive-index of both fiber cores within the fusion region decreases in magnitude, the core region broadens, and the axial gradient decreases.     

Theoretical analysis for the influence of the core radius on long period fiber grating sensors

Abstract

The influence of core radius on refractive index sensitivity of long period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor has been studied theoretically for the first time, and a new method to fabricate LPFG sensor with high sensitivity is proposed. The structure and parameters of the optical fiber, the period of the gratings, and the coupling order of the cladding modes are all held consistent in the process of studying the change of the core radius. The resonant wavelength of LPFG sensor shifts with changes in the external environment, which is simulated by the transfer matrix method. The sensitivity of LPFG sensor is enhanced by more than 200 times when the core radius increases from 3.1 to 5.1?μm. The results show that LPFG sensors with larger core radii have higher sensitivity. Selecting a fiber with a large core radius to fabricate LPFG sensors is proposed as a method to improve the sensitivity of these devices. This new simple and effective method is expected to be widely used in the manufacture of high sensitivity LPFG sensors in the future.     

基于光斑旋转位移光纤传感器的多点监控

为了实现位移传感器的多点监控,设计了5个光纤环组成的光纤传感器,通过减小其中1个光纤环的半径使光纤出射端获得双光斑,当其他4个的任意1个光纤环在外力的作用下产生形变时,会使出射双光斑发生旋转,通过记录和分析4个光纤环形变和输出双光斑的旋转角度之间的关系,获得周围环境人员流动情况。实验表明,光斑旋转角度与传感器位移在一定范围内存在良好的线性响应关系,该传感器可以有效地应用于实际的多点监控中。     

干涉式光纤电流传感器

高压输电线中的电流测量大都采用铁芯式电流互感器。由于铁芯的非线性特性，一次测电流过大或含有高次谐波分量时，会出现磁路饱和现象，使电流互感器二次测电流数值和波形发生失真，从而引起测量精度下降。文中，设计了一种干涉式光纤电流传感器，提出了使用Rogowski线圈进行电流-电压转换，利用压电晶体实现相位调制，用迈克尔逊干涉仪进行相位检测的方法，解决了在高压端无源情况下，由电流转换的电压小的问题，提高了传感器的精度、可靠性和测量范围。     

基于传感器技术的振动智监测研究

提出了一种基于悬臂式创意的振动传感器模型，以实现对智能变压器振动状态的及时监测。以油浸式110 kV智能变压器样机作为实验对象，对该模型进行了应用。应用结果表明，该振动传感器所测得的智能变压器正常振动频率范围为130～140 Hz，而铁芯变压器的正常振动频率范围为50～200 Hz，所设计的智能传感器测得的振动频率在一般变压器的振动区间，该振动传感器的测量结果符合实际情况，具有较高的应用性。该研究对于传感器振动智能检测设计具有一定的参考意义。     

我国射线化学合成SiC纤维及相关材料的现状与展望

传统CVD法合成的SiC纤维其最高使用温度仅有900℃,氧化先驱丝法制备的SiC纤维也只能用于1 000℃以下。主要介绍了我国射线化学合成法制备耐高温抗氧化的SiC纤维(使用温度高于1 600℃,单丝抗拉强度达2.2～2.7GPa)的系列关键技术,及其基于这些技术制备圆形截面管状SiC纤维(外径为10～15μm,壁厚2～3μm)的技术;同时也简介了射线化学应用于纳米微孔SiC功能陶瓷以及SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料等方面的研究进展。     

光纤位移传感的改进网络补偿方法研究

本文研究了一种改进的网络补偿方法，在建立四光纤位移传感结构的数学模型基础上，说明了该方法的补偿机理，并对影响补偿性能的因素进行了分析。改进网络法具有补偿性能完善、实现简单的特点，对于光纤位移传感、粗糙度传感等具有重要的实用价值。     

A Novel Opto-Mechanical System Coupled to a Spectrophotometer for Measuring Coatings on Small Size Substrates and Optical Fiber Filters

Abstract

A novel opto-mechanical system coupled to a commercial spectrophotometer using optical fibers was developed to measure optical transmittance of small samples, like filters deposited on optical fiber tips or micrometric substrates, as well as to investigate transmission uniformity of filters by surface scanning. It consists of two identical modules, reference and sample, both inserted in the chamber of the spectrophotometer. Each module was formed by an optical fiber, 200 µm core diameter and numerical aperture of 0.22, supported by adjustable positioning mounts for easing alignment. The system was validated by measuring the transmittance spectrum of a coated glass substrate with and without the opto-mechanical system, showing no significant differences between both methods. To determine the system versatility were undergone two transmittance experiments: one for a filter deposited on the tip of an optical fiber and the other by scanning the surface of a coated glass substrate. It can be concluded that the opto-mechanical system allows to measurement the transmittance of small size filters and optical fibers filters, as well as to scan over large coated surfaces to investigate coating uniformity.     

柔性硫系玻璃红外光纤传像束的制备与性能测试

讨论了红外光纤传像束的学术意义和制备工艺,制备了一种硫系玻璃红外光纤传像束并进行了专门的性能测试。选用As40S58Se2、As40S60作为芯棒和皮管玻璃组分,采用管棒法拉制成纤,利用人机结合的排丝工艺制备出了单丝直径为50μm,纤芯直径为40μm,576元正方形排列的红外光纤传像束。搭建了相应的实验测试平台,对光纤束排列规则度、断丝率、光学效率及传像束引起系统调制传递函数(MTF)下降量等指标进行了测试。测试表明,传像束断丝率为2.7%,衰减损耗低于0.5dB/m,光学效率约为31%,在红外光纤传像系统中光纤传像束引起的MTF下降量小于10%。最后,利用研制的红外传像束完成了红外成像实验,结果表明,红外光纤传像束能够实现良好的红外成像。     

复合式多点测量速度干涉仪光学系统设计

为满足爆炸冲击作用下物质界面的速度测量需求,设计了一种复合式多点测量的速度干涉仪。采用物方和像方双远心光路,将光纤阵列出射的照明激光定点投射到待测物面上,实现了针状滴注式照明,充分利用了照明激光能量,且保证了待测物面在运动过程中具有恒定的照度。成像系统像面采用末端为大芯径的锥形光纤接收信号光,既保证了物面运动过程中信号光与光纤的有效耦合,又保证了信号的单模输出,以便进入单模光纤马赫-曾德干涉仪进行差频干涉。采用具有微小楔角、沿直径方向镀矩形带状45°反射膜的反射镜,将照明光路与成像光路同轴,并校正了成像系统的大量像散。该干涉测量系统在物面运动10mm的行程中,物面滴注式照明照度保持恒定,像面光斑大小没有超出大芯径的光纤芯径。此光学系统能够满足爆炸冲击界面的大行程速度测量需求。     

具有反射率及亮度补偿功能的光纤振动计

介绍了一种结构简单、价格低、带有反射率和亮度补偿的光纤振动计。该光纤式振动计由发光二极管、光纤探头和两个光子探测器组成。光纤探头的光纤束分为三部分：一根发射光纤、第一邻近接收光纤组（组A）、第二邻近接收光纤组（组B）。光纤组A和光纤组B的输出信号平均值的比值取决于光纤探头和被测表面之间的平均距离，而与被测表面的反射率及亮度无关。根据这一比值可以实现探头与被测表面间距离的估计。然后根据光纤组A和B的标定曲线，对振动计的灵敏度进行了补偿。因为在比值运算中使用的是平均值，所以振动频率的提高不会限制这一技术的使用。实验结果表明，这一方法适宜于动态测量，可以实现被测表面反射率、入射亮度及探头与被测表面间平均距离的补偿。     

长周期光纤光栅及其在通信传感领域的新应用

长周期光纤光栅是一种新型光纤器件。介绍了长周期光纤光栅的耦合机理、制备方法以及应用。其耦合机理是前向传输的纤芯基模与前向传输的各阶包层模式之间的耦合。制备原理是对光纤横向曝光,使光纤的折射率指数在轴向发生周期性变化。阐明了长周期光纤光栅用于带通滤波、光上下路复用、光纤光源、光纤耦合、偏振器件、新型传感等新技术领域的思路,给出了具体实现方法。并通过与其他方案对比,说明了基于长周期光纤光栅器件的优点,肯定了长周期光纤光栅在通信传感领域的价值。     

纤芯失配的光纤Mach-Zehnder折射率传感器

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪原理,利用光纤错位熔接技术设计并制作了一种单模光纤-多模光纤-单模光纤-错位熔接点-单模光纤结构的液体折射率传感器。传感器中的多模光纤和错位连接部分充当光耦合器;多模光纤在后面的单模光纤的纤芯和包层中激发出纤芯模和包层模,不同的模式有不同的模式折射率,经中间单模光纤传输到错位熔接点处时,不同模式光之间将产生光程差,经错位熔接点耦合成为导出光纤的纤芯模从而产生干涉。对该传感器输出的干涉光谱中干涉谷功率随外界溶液折射率变化的规律进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明：溶液折射率变化为1.358 9~1.392 2时,干涉谱中1 530 nm附近的干涉谷光功率与溶液折射率呈单调递增关系,可用于折射率的测量;折射率变化为1.372 0~1.392 2时,传感器响应曲线具有很好的线性度,线性拟合系数为0.998,对应的灵敏度为252.06 dB/RIU。该传感器制作简单、结构紧凑、成本低、灵敏度高,可用于生物医学领域液体折射率的实时测量。     

光纤智能复合材料结构的研究

本文介绍了一种光纤智能复合材料结构的研究情况。在这种智能复合材料结构中,采用了偏振型光纤传感器构成了载荷自诊断系统、液芯光纤组成了损伤自诊断自修复系统。此外,在结构中还埋置了形状记忆合金丝网络,对增强结构强度、改善自修复的质量均起到了良好的作用。