LNG接收站卸料管线水击分析

LNG接收站卸料管线操作比较频繁,为保证卸料管线在发生水击时,管道也能够安全,需要对卸料管线进行水击分析,通过流体的波速方程、运动方程、连续方程和定解条件建立了LNG卸料管线的数学模型,对模型求解方法进行了讨论,特征线法为最优的求解方法。通过某接收站卸料管道模型,计算出最大水击压力值及出现时间。对接收站卸料管线水击分析有一定的指导意义。     

应用有限体积法求解均质油藏压力分布

目前,求解油藏压力普遍采用的数值方法为有限差分的方法,但是这种方法只是简单的将微分方程化成代数方程,方程中的各项T-能保持原有的物理意义。本文应用有限体积法求解了均质油藏径向流压力分布,建立离散化数学模型并求出压力分布的数值解,方程中的各项在计算中有明确的物理意义,计算结果说明了此方法的正确性和有效性。     

间歇釜式反应器最佳反应时间的确定：计算机辅助计算

本文采用计算机模拟图解法和数值法确定间歇釜式反应器最佳反应时间,较传统的手工图解法更为直观、快速和准确,为反应器设计计算和教学提供了简捷有效的方法。     

浅谈有限差分,有限单元及边界元在位场向上延拓中的应用比较

地球物理数值模拟法即根据地球物理中的偏微分方程和边界条件,用数值方法求场值的近似解。地球物理正演的数值计算方法种类有很多,较常用的方法有三种：有限差分法、有限单元法和边界单元法。本文结合实例对这三种方法的原理及一般步骤给予介绍,然后以位场向上延拓为算例,分别用有限差分,有限元,边界元法对其求解并编制相关程序进行了计算。最后分析总结了这三种方法在数值模拟中的优缺点。     

危险化学品库区水击危害与防控

根据水击发生的基本原理,阐述了容易发生水击的各种生产工况,以及在工程上经常使用的数值计算方法,结合实际生产企业的具体情况,运用它的相关参数,分析和校核水击压力的量值及可能造成的危害,并针对沿江危险化学品库区的特点提出相应的预防措施。     

一种综合非线性回归法和Wilson图解法计算对流换热系数的新方法

介绍了Wilson图解法求解换热器管内对流换热系数关联式的方法及该方法在计算过程中存在的问题,提出了一种应用非线性回归分析的求解方法,通过试验采用非线性回归分析和Wilson图解法进行修正相结合的方法求解出换热器管内对流换热系数关联式并与经典经验综合式进行比较讨论。结果表明,该综合法与Wilson图解法相比,具有计算简单、快捷,结果准确、可靠的优点。     

求多级串联理想混合流反应器的出口浓度——二级可逆反应

在多级串联理想混合流反应器中进行二级可逆反应时,可用图解法和代数法求各级反应器的出口浓度.但图解法不够精确,代数法又费时费力,而且,当反应器个数趋于无穷大时,以上两种方法则无法计算.针对上述两种方法的不足,开发了一种新的方法,即利用C++语言,依据递推关系式编制程序,该程序能够迅速求解,并与计算结果完全一致.该法具有精...     

承压含水层地下水稳定流的有限层分析

有限层法是一种对空间某一方向进行数值离散,而在其余两方向采用连续函数的半数值半解析方法.该方法能有效地将三维问题简化为一维问题求解,从根本上解决了常用数值分析方法在模拟三维地下水运动时存在的计算工作量大、占用内存多、耗时大等缺点.文中基于有限层法的优点,推导了以伽辽金法结合贝塞耳函数为基础的层状非均质各向异性承压含水层的稳定流有限层方程,并编制了相应的计算程序.通过对2个经典算例的数值解与解析解对比分析,验证了该方法的正确性.     

有限体积法解多场耦合下散射性非灰介质内的辐射换热

将有限体积法与谱带模型结合 ,求解了吸收、散射性非灰介质内的耦合换热 .经与光线踪迹法、离散传递法的计算结果比较表明 :提出的数值方法具有较高的精度 ;有限体积法适合辐射导热的多场耦合计算 ;对非灰介质建议选用谱带模型 ;并应考虑折射率对传热的影响     

管道瞬变流数值分析

利用通用特征线法把管道瞬变流的两个基本方程(运动方程和连续性方程)由偏微分方程转化为常微分方程,然后通过有限差分方法把常微分方程变为显式差分方程,从而在计算机上求解实现,得出水击压力的变化规律,确保管道安全、经济地运行。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.