一种专用DMA控制器的设计与实现

本文介绍了专用于多路总线通讯控制器(MBCU)中的DMAC的实现方案,旨在提供一种DMAC的设计思想。     

面向媒体DSP系统的DMA控制器设计

通过比较MD16和MD32两个DSP的DMA控制器设计，在软件层而和硬件层面，通过软、硬件结合以系统的观点提出了如何设计基于DSP系统的DMAC，给出了MD16和MD32的DMAC设计结果。     

DMA控制器在CRT显示装置中的应用

本文介绍了一种由DMAC控制CRT的数字存贮显示装置，用于显示二道波形。这种显示装置采用多总线结构，实现CPU与DMAC的并行工作，完成信号的跟踪显示以及回视、冻结、放大等显示功能。     

基于AMBA总线协议的多请求DMAC设计及UVM验证

该文章提出一种新的传输技术——基于AMBA(Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture)总线的多请求DMAC(Direct Memory Access Controller)设计方法。该DMAC支持CPU通过APB总线来进行寄存器配置,通过AHB总线进行内存数据搬运,支持跨时钟域传输,支持链表传输模式,提高了DMAC系统的通用性,采用了内部多套请求寄存器以及内置轮询权重仲裁器的方式实现了多请求轮询传输模式,提高了DMA系统在面对多个传输请求时的灵活性,通过对比正常传输模式节省大量传输时间,实现了49%的效率提升。设计基于UVM(Universal Verification Methodology)验证平台,提出通用scoreboard设计方法快速定位DMA传输过程中数据比对出错位置,实现100%功能覆盖率。     

IBM-PC机DMA及其应用

本文从高速数据传输需要出发,通过对PC机DMA接口及8237A DMAC的分析,给出了几个DMA应用实例,并对硬、软件设计时的一些关键环节做了较详细的讨论。     

MCS—51单片机系统中的DMA方法

利用MCS-51系列单片机中的CHMOS芯片的空闲操作状态,与DMAC(Z80-DMA)相结合,可以在单片机系统中实现DMA操作。本文讨论了实现这种DMA操作的高速数据采集系统以及硬件和软件设计。     

傻博士信箱

我在计算机资料上常看到DMA与DMAC这样的术语,能否详细解释一下什么是DMA与DMAC? DMA(Direct Memory Access)即直接存储器存取方式,是计算机主机与外设间交换数据的一种控制方式(又称一种I/O控制方式)。 首先回顾一下各种I/O控制方式,由此可以看出DMA方式的优点所在。 (1)最早的I/O控制方式是程序控制方式。最原始的方法是所谓无条件传递方式,即在程序假设外围设备已处于可正常工作状态下,直接执行输入输出     

在APPLEⅡ上实现DMA操作——MC6844芯片在苹果机上作高速数据输入的应用

微型计算机内存与外设之间的数据传送一般有两种方式:(1)编程方式(包括程序中断):在程序控制下,数据中经CPU的累加器(或寄存器),每次传送一个字;当传送一个以上字时需要变址;故速度受到解释指令和变址计算时间所限制。(2)DMA方式:DMAC控制取代了CPU控制,内存直接和外设交换信息,地址由DMAC给出,故速度快。 APPLEⅡ目前在国内外应用很广,但有关DMA技术在其上的应用,尚未见于文献报导。虽然APPLEⅡ为此设计了接口信号,然因6502 CPU芯片本身不能很好适合DMA操作,故没有与之专门匹配的     

定向天线在Ad Hoc网络中的设计与应用

定向天线可以有效提升Ad hoc网络路由协议和接入控制的性能,但同时也带来了一些新的问题;针对隐藏终端和听不见问题,文中设计两种新的协议:SDR-MAC协议和NDDMAC协议;最后,对NDDMAC协议进行仿真,结果表明,NDDMAC总的网络吞吐量优于现有的ORTS-OCTS协议和DMAC协议,有效提升了Ad hoc网络的整体性能。     

一种分簇车联网通信方法

针对分簇后的车联网大数据量下网关节点的传输瓶颈问题,结合DMAC分簇算法,提出了通过使用方向性天线在簇与簇之间使相距两跳远的簇头直接建立虚拟通信路径的方法。仿真结果表明：与全向通信方式相比,方法使得簇间通信的端到端延迟减少了110ms,网络的吞吐量增加了将近3Mbps。     

An adaptive directional MAC protocol for ad hoc networks using directional antennas

A directional antenna can bring benefits in terms of power consumption,spatial reuse,etc.To exploit the advantage of directional antennas and improve the transmission throughput highest,this paper proposes an adaptive directional MAC protocol(ADMAC).By varying the transmission strategy according to the usage of the channel,nodes can send RTS and CTS packets omni-directionally or directionally.Also,this paper proposes a calculation method of virtual carrier sensing with collision avoidance.By the method,ADMAC protocol makes more pairs of nodes transmit and receive data simultaneously without interferences than other MAC protocols for directional antennas.The paper compares the simultaneous delivering nodes and network throughput of ADMAC with DMAC,DVCS and SDMAC under different experiment parameters.The simulation results show that the throughput of ADMAC is higher than the throughput of DMAC,DVCS and SDMAC protocols.     

Ad Hoc网络中具有远距离通信能力的方向性MAC协议

针对在使用方向性天线的AdHoc网络中没有合理利用远距离传输优势的问题,提出了一种支持远距离通信的方向性MAC协议.在该方向性MAC协议中,中间节点会利用一种远距离定向算法帮助发送节点获取位于两跳远的目的节点的定向信息从而建立远距离链路,这种链路的建立有助于解决局部拥塞,同时降低传输延时.本文中根据MAC层能否获得信号接收功率信息提出了两种LRO算法:基本LRO算法不使用信号接收功率信息,仅利用几何关系获得近似的远距离节点定向信息;而LRO-PI(LRO with power in for mation)算法在利用信号接收功率信息后可以进行更加准确的远距离节点定向.性能分析表明,在合理地选择相关参数后,LRO算法有着很高的定位准确性.并且仿真结果表明远距离链路的建立可以有效地提高网络的吞吐量,并且降低端到端延时.     

一种基于中继节点的线性无线传感器网络数据收集MAC协议

MAC协议对于无线传感器网络的能效是至关重要的。针对线性无线传感器网络设计了一个基于中继节点的数据收集MAC协议SLDMAC。源节点向汇聚节点发送数据时,引入节点能耗因子和剩余能量均衡因子两个参数,通过优化这两个参数,选择合适的中间节点进行中继,从而提升网络的性能。实验结果表明:与DMAC协议相比,SLDMAC协议提升了网络的能效和生存周期。     

基于功率优化的Ad hoc网络定向媒质接入控制

由于无线Ad hoc网络是一种由移动终端组成、网络拓扑结构动态变化的对等、自组织、多跳网络,使得传输带宽、传输功率成为具有挑战性的任务之一。分析了目前通常采用的信道接入技术(如：全向天线;CSMA／CA和洪泛)及存在的问题;在此基础上,为保证有效利用传输带宽,提高功率利用率,给出了用于定向天线的MAC的解决方案(简称DMAC)。节点通过虚拟载波侦听来重定向,实现定向传输,使功率得到优化。     

A directional MAC protocol with long-range communication ability in ad hoc networks

To address the problem that long-range communication capability in ad hoc networks using directional antenna is not generally utilized,a directional media access control (DMAC) protocol with long-range communication (LRC) capability in ad hoc networks is proposed.In the LRC-DMAC,the intermediate node uses a long-range orientation (LRO) algorithm to help the transmitter obtain the directional information of the receiver which is two hops away.Consequently,the long-range link between such two hops nodes can be set up.According to whether the received power information is available or not,we propose two types of LRO algorithm:without the received power information,a basic LRO obtains the approximate directional informa-tion of the long-range receiver by a geometric relationship;however,the LRO-PI can calculate the accurate directional information of the long-range receiver using the received power.Performance analysis indicates that the LRO algorithm achieves high accuracy when the relevant parameters are properly chosen.Simulation results show that the establishment of long-range links can effectively improve the network throughput and reduce the end-to-end delay.     

基于UTMI模型的USB 2.0 IP核开发测试验证设计研究

USB2.0因具有高速、易用、热插拔、低成本等特点而成为计算机接口技术的主流,具有广阔的应用前景。USB2.0系统一般分成主机/HUB控制芯片和设备接口控制芯片(即外设)两方面。传统意义的USB开发,仅是对USB外设的开发。USB外设包括FIFO及FIFO控制器、IDE硬盘、直接存储器存取控制器(DMAC)、串行接口引擎(SIE)、UTMI收发器、内存、微处理器单元(MPU)等部分,在USB2.0IP核开发时需要对设计的这些外设代码进行测试验证,测试时可以用自己设计的UTMI电路代码,但因其本身正确性还未加验证,因此测试较麻烦复杂,本文通过实践给出了在开发USB2.0系统时利用utmi_fzFlex-Model模型和自编task完成对USB功能块在事务层上各项作业通讯测试的方法和过程,仿真实践证明此方法是有效的,因此可为USB2.0IP核的设计开发提供参考帮助。     

A randomized clustering of anonymous wireless ad hoc networks with an application to the initialization problem

The Distributed Mobility-Adaptive Clustering (DMAC) due to Basagni partitions the nodes of a mobile ad hoc network into clusters, thus giving the network a hierarchical organization. This algorithm supports the mobility of the nodes, even during the cluster formation. The main feature of DMAC is that in a weighted network (in which two or more nodes cannot have the same weight), nodes have to choose the clusterheads taking into account only the node weight, i.e. the mobility when a node weight is the inverse of its speed. In our approach many nodes may have the same speed and hence the same weight. We assume that nodes have no identities and the number of nodes, say n, is the only known parameter of the network. After the randomized clustering, we show that the initialization problem can be solved in a multi-hop ad hoc wireless network of n stations in O(k ^1/2log ^1/2 k)+D _b −1+O(log (max (P _i )+log ²max (P _i )) broadcast rounds with high probability, where k is the number of clusters, D _b is the blocking diameter and max (P _i ), 1≤i≤k, is the maximum number of nodes in a cluster. Thus the initialization protocol presented here uses less broadcast rounds than the one in Ravelemanana (IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst. 18(1):17–28 2007).     

LODMAC: Location Oriented Directional MAC protocol for FANETs

Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET) is a novel mobile ad hoc network type where the communicating nodes are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). FANETs promise many new ways for both civilian and military applications. Today, traditional omnidirectional antennas are deployed on UAV nodes which result in reduced spatial reuse and limited network capacity. Alternatively, deployment of directional antennas can significantly increase the capacity, spatial reuse and communication range of FANETs. In addition, being aware of the exact locations of the neighboring nodes in a FANET is vital especially for directional ad hoc multi-UAV scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel MAC protocol, LODMAC (Location Oriented Directional MAC), which incorporates the utilization of directional antennas and location estimation of the neighboring nodes within the MAC layer. By defining a new Busy to Send (BTS) packet along with the Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) packets, LODMAC effectively addresses the well known directional deafness problem. In terms of throughput, utilization, average network delay and fairness, LODMAC protocol outperforms the well-known DMAC (Directional MAC) protocol which puts LODMAC to be a robust mile-stone for the on-coming FANET MAC protocols.