协作发射分集系统及其误码性能分析

协作分集（cooperative diversity）技术通过使网络中各单天线用户共享彼此天线，形成虚拟的多天线阵列来实现发射或接收分集，并结合一定的编码方式，可以有效地提高系统性能。多载波码分多址（MC-CDMA，multi．carder code division multiple access）技术将数据调制到各个子载波上发送，可以有效地抵抗信道频率选择性衰落的影响。由此提出了无线网络中频率选择性衰落信道环境下的一种基于分布式空时分组码（DSTBC，distributed space tim eblock code）和MC-CDMA的协作发射分集方案，建立了协作用户间的误码表示模型，基于该模型推导了在协作条件下整个系统误码性能的理论表达式。分析了协作用户间的平均解码差错概率对系统误码性能的影响，并给出了仿真结果。结果表明，本系统相对于未编码的MC-CDMA系统获得了明显的性能增益，同时仿真也较好地验证了理论结果。     

一种基于分集技术的空时码传输方法

根据分集技术的特点,对以往经典的传输方法进行了改进,提出了一种新的传输方法。在发射端,分成M组天线,每组包含Ti（i=1,2,…,M）根天线,不同组的天线利用不同的频率发射相同的或不同的信息,从而获得发射分集增益和复用增益。在接收端,分成M组天线,每组天线包含Ri（i=1,2,…,M）根天线,每组接收天线负责接收发射端同一组发射天线发射的信息,从而获得接收分集增益,即采用＂多对多＂的传输方式。仿真结果表明：文中方法与典型的传输方法相比,可大大加快传输速率和接收端的译码的速度。同时,在发射端,可以采用正交极化天线,降低了接收端之间的干扰,从而进一步提高了系统的性能。     

随机M进制正交码混合DS—SFH CDMA扩频通信系统性能分析

本文研究了随机ＭＦ是制正交码混合ＤＳ－ＳＦＨ扩频码分多址信号经过多径瑞利频率非选择性衰落信道，在非相干ＲＡＫＥ接收机中采用最大输出信噪比选择或最大输出选择接收时系统的性能；给出了两种分集接收情况下差错概率表示式。数值计算研究了分集数，Ｍ值，多用户干扰对系统性能的影响，并且对这两种分集接收情况下系统性能进行了比较。     

协作MIMO中分布式空时编码技术的研究

利用单天线终端相互协作,形成虚拟多天线发射阵列,结合接收端基站多天线接收,以此实现协作MIMO系统,同时将MIMO中的空时编码理论应用其中,可以有效利用空间分集增益和编码增益,抵抗多径衰落并提高系统性能。其中,由于分布式空时分组码（D-STBC）能有效地利用空间分集,且编码简单、性能优越,因而重点研究其在协作MIMO中的运用,对其进行了建模,设计了D-STBC接收端检测器结构,指出极大似然（ML）检测的复杂度随协作节点数的增加呈指数增长,并推导了在ML检测下的系统成对差错概率（PEP）性能;同时介绍了基于空间复用的分布式垂直型贝尔实验室分层空时编码（D-VBLAST）,它可以有效地提高数据传输速率（吞吐量）,且译码算法复杂度可以随着数据速率的增加线性升高,适合于相对较高SNR的协作MIMO传输系统。      

一种机会空时协作网络编码及其性能分析

本文提出了一种机会空时协作网络编码(OST-CNC,opportunistic space-time-coded cooperative network coding),该技术将协作分集技术和网络编码技术有机结合,能够克服无线信道衰落、提高系统资源利用率和网络吞吐.针对间隔两跳的链状网络中进行端到端信息交换的情形,分析了OST-CNC的中断性能和获取的网络编码增益,结果表明:相对于传统的数据交互策略,机会空时协作网络编码在获得全分集(获得的分集阶数为参与协作的节点数)的同时,也获得了4/3倍的渐近网络编码增益,由于机会路由的形成,OST-CNC的网络编码增益在中低信噪比(SNR)区域更为突出.     

Rician衰落信道下空时分组码的性能分析

基于Alamouti提出的BPSK调制下空时分组码在Rayleigh衰落信道中的码性能原理,推导出高阶(M ary)调制下Rician衰落信道中空时分组码的符号差错率的最小距离球界,并进行计算机仿真分析了两信道下引入空时分组码的多天线系统中发射和接收天线的分集增益,发射天线数量的“地板效应”以及Rician因子K对符号差错性能的影响。     

一种基于分布式发射天线的差分空时调制方法

在基于分布式发射天线的多入多出(MIMO)系统中,由于各发射天线的发射信号不同时到达接收端,用于信道估计的导引设计及发射方法存在一定困难。针对这一问题,该文提出一种无需信道估计的分布式MIMO差分编码及检测方法:发送端将发射矩阵进行相位差分调制后发射,接收端利用前后接收量判断相位信息恢复出发送端数据信息。该方法频谱效率与V-BLAST相同,适用于任意发射天线数和接收天线数,且不要求接收天线数大于发射天线数。仿真结果表明,在不同信道传播时延情况下,误码率性能不同。     

一种基于分布式发射天线的差分空时调制方法

在基于分布式发射天线的多入多出（MIMO）系统中,由于各发射天线的发射信号不同时到达接收端,用于信道估计的导引设计及发射方法存在一定困难。针对这一问题,该文提出一种无需信道估计的分布式MIMO差分编码及检测方法：发送端将发射矩阵进行相位差分调制后发射,接收端利用前后接收量判断相位信息恢复出发送端数据信息。该方法频谱效率与V—BLAST相同,适用于任意发射天线数和接收天线数,且不要求接收天线数大于发射天线数。仿真结果表明,在不同信道传播时延情况下,误码率性能不同。     

移动通信网络中的协作通信

为了提高移动通信系统的性能,通常需要在发射端进行分集。而移动通信中的发射分集一般需要在发射端使用多根天线,但许多无线设备因受尺寸或硬件复杂度的限制,一般只有单根天线。为此,专家提出了一种新的解决方法——协作通信。该方法使用带有一根天线的移动台,在多用户环境中可以共享其他移动用户的天线,这样可产生多根虚拟发射天线,进而得到相应的分集增益,改善移动通信系统的性能。     

无线传感网物理层协作分集的性能分析

该文针对无线传感网中的远距传输问题,研究了一种无需网络同步和正交信道的协作分集方法的性能,给出了在两种典型信道中当解码转发存在误差传播时远程目的节点的误码率及分集指数;分析了当转发节点间为白高斯信道时增加协作节点数能够提高目的节点性能的条件。研究结果表明,当转发节点间为白高斯信道时,只要转发节点处于正常工作点,增加节点数就能提高目的节点的性能;当转发节点间为瑞利平衰落信道时,只有当转发节点处于一定位置时,协作分集相对于直接发送或传统空间分集才有性能增益;当转发节点间为瑞利平衰落信道时增加跳数性能更好,为白高斯信道时增加分支数更有效;当转发节点间为瑞利平衰落信道时,误差传播将使目的节点的分集指数为1,但在较低信噪比条件下对分集性能影响很小。     

Space-time cooperative diversity scheme using full feedback

This article proposes a new space-time cooperative diversity scheme called full feedback-based cooperative diversity scheme (FFBCD). In contrast to the conventional adaptive space-time cooperative diversity schemes that utilize the feedback from only the destination node, the new scheme utilizes the feedback from both the destination node and the cooperation node. With the feedback from the destination node, the occasional successful reception of the destination node in the information distribution stage can be detected, thus avoiding unnecessary retransmissions in the information delivery stage. The feedback from the cooperation node indicates the receiving state of the cooperation node in the information distribution stage, and the source node and the cooperation node will not perform cooperative retransmission during the information delivery stage unless the cooperation node is received successfully in the information distribution stage. In this way the new scheme can reduce the number of transmission attempt and improve the channel utilization. The expressions of the average number of transmission attempt are given. Numerical approximations and simulation results both show that the new scheme performs better than the non-cooperative scheme and the conventional adaptive space-time cooperative diversity scheme.     

大气无线光通信系统中一种正交空时分组码编译方法

为了降低湍流对大气无线光通信的影响,提高无线光通信系统性能,提出了一种4发射天线、4接收天线的无线光多发射多接收系统模型,针对该模型设计了一种正交空时分组码(OSTBC)编译方法,并对该码的平均误比特性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该方案具有很大的分集优势,可获得的最大分集度为16,达到了4发4收系统所能获得的最大空间分集增益,同时该编码方法与传统的Alamouti方案一样能实现最大传输速率。通过对译码算法进行简单修改,OSTBC编译方法也可以应用在接收天线数目为1,2或3个的多光束发射和接收系统中。     

Energy-efficiency of MIMO and cooperative MIMO techniques in sensor networks

We consider radio applications in sensor networks, where the nodes operate on batteries so that energy consumption must be minimized, while satisfying given throughput and delay requirements. In this context, we analyze the best modulation and transmission strategy to minimize the total energy consumption required to send a given number of bits. The total energy consumption includes both the transmission energy and the circuit energy consumption. We first consider multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems based on Alamouti diversity schemes, which have good spectral efficiency but also more circuitry that consumes energy. We then extend our energy-efficiency analysis of MIMO systems to individual single-antenna nodes that cooperate to form multiple-antenna transmitters or receivers. By transmitting and/or receiving information jointly, we show that tremendous energy saving is possible for transmission distances larger than a given threshold, even when we take into account the local energy cost necessary for joint information transmission and reception. We also show that over some distance ranges, cooperative MIMO transmission and reception can simultaneously achieve both energy savings and delay reduction.     

协作分集中基于延迟时间的伙伴选择

在协作分集中如何及时有效选取合作伙伴是重点研究问题之一,制定一个合理可靠的选择标准是解决此问题的关键。依据传输路径的时延特性,提出以中继延迟时间最小为标准来进行协作伙伴的选择。对此选择标准在分集增益、信噪比、传输误比特率性能上进行了仿真分析,表明以此标准选择协作伙伴能够获得较好的分集性能,降低误码率,并且能够避免目的节点处因同时接收中继节点信息而造成干扰阻塞,是一种可靠的伙伴选择协议。     

分布式协同传输协议设计与系统实现

协同传输作为一种可靠通信技术,通过利用空间分集,能够克服无线通信收发双方经历的信道衰落、噪声干扰、路径损耗等,有效提升系统传输性能。目前有关协同通信技术的基础理论研究较多,但大多数理论研究并没有应用到实际的原理样机中,因此缺少实测数据作为支撑。本文首先设计实现了一种自适应分布式协同传输协议,该协议通过信道感知技术实时获取信道质量信息,自适应地选择协同节点和协同传输方式。通过将所设计的传输协议实现在自主研发的原理样机上,本文从误码率、丢包率和吞吐量三个性能指标上,分别测试了系统在室内、室外、地面、空中等应用场景下的实际传输性能。测试结果表明,相比于传统点对点直传方式,本文所提的自适应分布式协同传输技术能够显著提升节点间的可靠传输性能,实现分布式多节点的自主协同组网通信。      

Asynchronous diversity receiving scheme and analysis on cooperative relay networks简

The transmission antennas of cooperative systems are spatially distributed on multiple nodes, so the received signal can be asynchronous due to propagation delays. A receiving scheme for cooperative relay networks is proposed, multiple asynchronous signals are reconstructed at the receiver by forward and backward interference cancellation, which can obtain gains of cooperative transmission diversity with obvious delay and with no requiring timing synchronization or orthogonal channelization between relays. Analysis and simulation show that the bit error rate（BER） of the proposed scheme is similar to Alamouti code, and the scheme has the diversity order of orthogonal transmission scheme accompanied by minimal BER losses. It is demonstrated that the performance can be further improved by adding an error correcting code（ECC）.     

Packet splitting and adaptive modulation based on CSI of time domain for decode‐and‐forward cooperative OFDM systems in different channel model

Cooperative communications obtain the transmission and channel diversity gains by using the relay node. However, since cooperative communications transmit the redundancy signal to obtain the transmission diversity gain, the transmission rate is degraded. Moreover, since cooperative communications add the interference in the relay node, the diversity gain is also degraded. The packet splitting has been proposed based on the channel state information of the time domain to obtain the good system performance without the redundancy signal. Moreover, the adaptive modulation has been proposed to improve the transmission rate. In this paper, we propose the combination method with the packet splitting and the adaptive modulation based on the channel state information of the time domain to improve the bit error rate and throughput performances for decode‐and‐forward cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems in the different channel model. From the computer simulation results, we determine the optimum weight and threshold for the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed method shows the good bit error rate and throughput performances.     

认知无线网络中次用户的一种协作传输策略

在认知无线网络中同时存在着主用户和次用户,次用户的通信行为必须在不影响主用户数据传输的前提下进行。为了保证次用户的传输连续性并改善次用户Qos,研究人员提出了次用户间相互协作传输的策略,基于此该文提出了一种基于放大转发的双中继协作传输方案并对所提方案次用户的无冲突传输时间及误比特率进行了详细的理论分析。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,双中继协作传输策略能在单中继协作传输的基础上进一步增加次用户的无冲突传输时间并减小误比特率,双中继协作传输显著地提高了系统的传输性能。      

Energy Savings in OFDM Systems through Cooperative Relaying

Energy savings in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is an active research area. In order to achieve a solution, we propose a new cooperative relaying scheme operated on a per subcarrier basis. This scheme improves the bit error rate (BER) performance of the conventional signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR)‐based selection relaying scheme by substituting SNR with symbol error probability (SEP) to evaluate the received signal quality at the relay more reliably. Since the cooperative relaying provides spatial diversity gain for each subcarrier, thus statistically enhancing the reliability of subcarriers at the destination, the total number of lost subcarriers due to deep fading is reduced. In other words, cooperative relaying can alleviate error symbols in a codeword so that the error correction capability of forward error correction codes can be fully exploited to improve the BER performance (or save transmission energy at a target BER). Monte‐Carlo simulations validate the proposed approach.     

Performance analysis of space shift keying for AF relaying with relay selection

In this paper, we propose an amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying scheme, which combines space shift keying (SSK) with the best and partial relay selection. In this scheme, SSK transmission is considered by using the source (S) transmit antennas. Besides the direct link transmission, a relay, which is selected according to the best or partial relay selection techniques, amplifies the data received from S and forwards it to the destination (D). Theoretical error probability expressions of the proposed cooperative SSK systems are derived and an asymptotic diversity analysis is also performed to demonstrate the achievable diversity orders of the systems. It is shown that the proposed SSK systems outperform the conventional cooperative single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems. It is also revealed that there is an interesting trade-off between SSK with the best and the partial relay selection in terms of error performance and complexity as in conventional cooperative SIMO systems. However, it is shown that the partial relay selection provides an almost identical error performance compared to the best relay selection with a considerably lower complexity when the number of relays is less than or equal to the number of receive antennas at D in the cooperative SSK system.