我国农用抗生素的研发现状及其进展

我国已商品化的农用抗生素类品种有21种,制剂量超过8万t／a,产值约为12亿元／a。目前我国农用抗生素产业所呈现的特点是:生产企业的数量在不断减少;有些产品不生产和停产,另外一些新商品化的品种数量在增加;农用抗生素产业已成为生物农药产业的主体。介绍了我国农用抗生素的研发现状及其进展,指出了存在的问题,对我国未来农用抗生素的发展提出了建议。     

陕西生物农药产业技术创新战略联盟正式成立

正虽然现阶段我国农业生产还不能完全脱离农药产品的帮助,但我国一直在想方设法减少农药使用,寻找化学农药替代品,生物农药以其安全无毒性正在快速发展,近日陕西生物农药产业技术创新战略联盟正式成立。陕西省生物农药产业技术创新战略联盟是由杨凌馥稷生物科技有限公司、陕西上格之路生物农药有限公司等25家科技企业、研究机构自愿组成的联盟组织,旨在促进交流合作,提升扶持生物农药     

我国生物农药产业发展趋势测及战略对策探讨

应用专家问卷调查结合实际研究工作,从市场需求、政府作为、生物农药产业发展3个方面进行了较为详细的分析,对我国生物农药市场及产业发展趋势进行了预测,并提出我国生物农药产业发展的战略性框架及对策,即加快生物农药产业市场化进程,强化国家宏观政策引导和扶持,完善农药及农产品法律法规,加强应用技术研究,加强产学研实质联合,培育产业集群等.     

我国生物农药行业的发展现状及研发推广对策

<正>随着国际有机农产品市场的不断发展以及害虫的化学农药抗药性增强,世界对于没有污染的生物农药的需求也日益增长,生物农药的生产和发展前景十分广阔。一、农业环保和食品安全日受重视,政策利好生物农药产业自《农药工业"十二五"规划》以及《生物产业"十二五"发展规划》提出以来,指出到2015年,高效、安全、经济和环境友好的农药品种占总产量50%以上,高毒、高残留品种的产量将由目前     

生物农药瓶颈:政策扶持力度不够

<正>建立生物农药财政补贴专项资金,鼓励农民使用生物农药;项目申报、科技奖励等方面鼓励研发生物农药;税收减免、贴息贷款、技改项目、投资引导等方面对生物农药生产企业也给予政策支持;在生物农药使用技术宣传培训等方面加大财政资金支持力度;减化农药登记手续,促使生物农药早日进入市场。     

我国生物农药的现状与发展建议

通过对我国生物农药现状及产业化发展中存在问题的分析,结合新时期生物农药产业发展所面临的机遇,提出了加快我国生物农药发展的对策。     

我国生物农药发展的机遇、问题及对策

随着人类环境保护意识的增强,低毒、微残留的生物农药成为当今农药发展的方向。作为世界上第二大农药生产国,我国正在大力研究、开发生物农药。尽管生物农药在我国取得了较大的发展,但其研究、开发和应用都还存在一些问题。我国应加大投入,合理引导,确立生物农药在农药产业结构中的主导地位,加快开发和应用生物农药高新技术成果,以促进生物农药产业在我国健康、快速地发展。     

我国生物农药研究现状及发展前景

介绍了生物农药的概念、种类及特点,综述了我国生物农药的应用现状,讨论了生物农药在生产使用过程中存在的问题并提出对策,同时对我国生物农药的发展前景进行了展望。     

中国生物农药产品登记大全

<正>目前国内生物农药的年产量为12万吨,防治面积达2,670万公顷,约占农药市场份额的5%。生产微生物农药、植物源农药、生物化学农药的企业共有200多家,生产抗生素的企业共1,700多家,大部分生产企业生产生物农药的同时,也生产化学农药。生物农药有效成分登记超过90种,登记产品约3,000个,其中抗生素产品约占登记产品总数的70%。生物农药产品约占我国登记农药总数     

关于召开2010塑编产业链技术交流与市场对接会的通知

<正>各塑料编织制品生产及产业链有关配套企业:为了加强行业交流,促进我国塑编生产企业更多地采用新技术、新设备、新工艺和性能优良的原辅材料,加强节能降耗工作,鼓励塑编产业中各个细分产品生产     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.