无线局域网的QoS研究

本文对无线局域网(WLAN)的QoS进行了分析,介绍了保证WLANQoS的方案和IEEE802.11e标准。     

WLAN热点建设方案探讨

1 WLAN概况 WLAN的标准是IEEE 802.11系列协议,包括IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n,另外还有基于QoS的IEEE 802.11e,用于安全协议的IEEE 802.11i等.     

自适应EDCF方法分析

简述了IEEE802.11e的访问控制机制中的增强型分布式协调功能(Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function,EDCF),针对IEEE802.11e QoS机制在高负载情况下业务性能下降的问题,提出了一种新的基于EDCF的自适应方法,并用OPNET软件进行了仿真实现。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效减少网络传输的延时,显著提高数据吞吐量,极大地改善了QoS的性能。     

WLAN QoS支持机制-IEEE 802.11e

介绍了为WLANs提供业务质量(QoS)支持机制的IEEE802.11e标准草案。通过与802.11标准的MAC层进行对照分析,指出了802.11e草案对MAC层所作的改进。着重分析了改进的分布协调功能与混合协调功能两种新的QoS支持机制。     

IEEE802.11无线局域网EDCF接入研究与仿真

分析了现有IEEE 802.11无线局域网的基本接入机制DCF(Distributed Coordination Function)对QoS(Quality of Service)技术支持的局限性,介绍了未来具有QoS保证的IEEE 802.11e标准采用的一种新的MAC层接入机制EDCF(Enhanced DCF).对EDCF的性能进行了仿真,并对比原有DCF的性能对仿真结果进行了分析.     

一种新的用于IEEE 802.11e EDCA中提供QoS的方法

该文提出了一种新的应用于IEEE 802.11e EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access)中提供QoS(Quality of Service)的方法。这种方法是将几个时隙组合起来构成一个超时隙,每个超时隙的开始分配给不同的业务来进行发包。时隙的分配是根据各种业务的不同优先级来实现的。这种方法可以保证高优先级业务具有较大的吞吐量,较少的MAC延时和较低的丢包率。与802.11e EDCA草案中提出的不同冲突窗口大小的方法相比,这种方法具有可以提高吞吐量,降低丢包率,并能减小站点数目变化对高优先级业务吞吐量的影响等优点。这种新的提供QoS的方法优于不同冲突窗口大小的方法,在IEEE 802.11e EDCA中应用超时隙方法可以大大提高EDCA的性能。     

无线Mesh网络中支持QoS的802.11e协议优化

在无线Mesh网络中,支持QoS的IEEE 802.11eEDCA协议,其固定的队列接入机制,使得在网络负载较重的时高优先业务的QoS得不到应有的保障,同时在网络负载较轻时信道利用率也不高.文中提出了一种动态调整业务接入队列的算法.节点可以根据感知到的网络负载状况自适应调整队列接入方式,在保障高优先级业务QoS要求的同时,尽可能提高信道的利用率.仿真结果表明,在不同网络负载的场景下,该算法相对于IEEE802.11e在QoS保障和利用率方面都有较好的表现.     

EDCA机制下实时业务多跳传输仿真分析

在AdHoc无线自组织多跳网络中,IEEE802.11e协议采用了增强型分布信道接入机制,用于为实时多媒体业务提供有效的QoS保证机制。简单介绍和对比了802.11分布式协调功能和802.11e增强型分布信道接入机制两种信道接入机制,并通过使用网络仿真软件OPNET,模拟了实时的视、音频业务在802.11分布信道接入机制和802.11e增强型分布信道接入机制信道接入机制下在不同网络负载下的性能并进行了仿真分析。     

无线视频传输的跨层动态映射算法

在IEEE 802.11e EDCA机制和基于场景的马尔可夫链模型基础上,提出跨层动态映射算法来改善无线视频传输的服务质量（QoS）。根据视频帧的重要性和网络的负荷情况,将来自应用层的视频帧信息动态地映射到MAC层中合适的队列中去,并且采用网络仿真工具NS2进行仿真,来比较IEEE 802.11e EDCA机制以及跨层动态映射算法。仿真结果表明跨层动态映射算法能明显提高传输后的视频质量。     

IEEE 802_11e EDCF饱和状态下性能分析

IEEE 802．11e协议草案以增强型分布式协调功能（EDCF）为基础。用于加强对无线局域网标准IEEE 802.11的QoS支持力度。文章简要介绍了802．11中的分布式协调功能（DCF）和点怫调功能（PCF）。重点阐述了802.11e EDCF的基本原理和组成结构。使用网络模拟工具NS-2对比了DCF和EDCF的吞吐量，并对EDCF在饱和状态下以及站点慢速移动情况下的性能进行了详细的分析和比较。     

Performance analysis and enhancements for IEEE 802.11e wireless networks

The IEEE 802.11 WLAN legacy standard cannot provide QoS support for multimedia applications. Thus, considerable research efforts have been carried out to enhance QoS support for 802.11. Among them, 802.11e is the upcoming QoS-enhanced standard proposed by the IEEE working group. This article describes in detail the new QoS features of 802.11e based on the latest version of the standard draft. We investigate the performance of 802.11e through computer simulations. Using simple examples, we show the effectiveness of adaptive schemes under the 802.11e framework.     

A traffic control system for IEEE 802.11 networks based on available bandwidth estimation

To support Quality of service (QoS)‐sensitive applications like real‐time video streaming in IEEE 802.11 networks, a MAC layer extension for QoS, IEEE 802.11e, has been recently ratified as a standard. This MAC layer solution, however, addresses only the issue of prioritized access to the wireless medium and leaves such issues as QoS guarantee and admission control to the traffic control systems at the higher layers. This paper presents an IP‐layer traffic control system for IEEE 802.11 networks based on available bandwidth estimation. We build an analytical model for estimating the available bandwidth by extending an existing throughput computation model, and implement a traffic control system that provides QoS guarantees and admission control by utilizing the estimated available bandwidth information. We have conducted extensive performance evaluation of the proposed scheme via both simulations and measurements in the real test‐bed. The experiment results show that our estimation model and traffic control system work accurately and effectively in various network load conditions without IEEE 802.11e. The presence of IEEE 802.11e will allow even more efficient QoS provision, as the proposed scheme and the MAC layer QoS support will complement each other. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Increasing end‐to‐end fairness over IEEE 802.11e‐based wireless mesh networks

In this paper, we discuss the issue of fairness in the IEEE802.11e over wireless mesh networks. Fairness is an important factor that we have to achieve before talking about QoS. Inspired by social networks approximations, and to achieve fairness and provide QoS by regulating heterogeneous traffic, we extended the original IEEE802.11e protocol by introducing a new algorithm based on the ‘token bucket’ concept. We also treat the problem of exposed/hidden nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed approach offers better performance than the IEEE802.11e one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the capabilities of IEEE 802.11e for multimedia communications over heterogeneous 802.11/802.11e WLANs

Multimedia communications over WLAN is widely acknowledged as one of the key, emerging applications for wireless LANs. As with any multi-service network, there is the need to provision the WLANs with the QoS mechanisms capable of guaranteeing the requirements of various services. The upcoming IEEE 802.11e (EDCA) standard is a proposal defining the mechanisms for wireless LANs aiming to provide QoS support to time-sensitive applications such as voice and video communications. Due to the fact that the IEEE 802.11e interface cards will take over the WLAN market, replacing the use of legacy IEEE 802.11 interface cards in most WLAN applications, an important number of networking scenarios will consist of a hybrid configuration comprising legacy IEEE 802.11-based stations and IEEE 802.11e-based stations. For this reason, in this paper we carry out a performance analysis on the effectiveness of the IEEE 802.11e (EDCA) upcoming standard when supporting different services, such as, voice, video, best-effort, background and in the presence of traffic generated by legacy 802.11 (DCF) based stations.     

Admission control in IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs

Although IEEE 802.11 based wireless local area networks have become more and more popular due to low cost and easy deployment, they can only provide best effort services and do not have quality of service supports for multimedia applications. Recently, a new standard, IEEE 802.11e, has been proposed, which introduces a so-called hybrid coordination function containing two medium access mechanisms: contention-based channel access and controlled channel access. In this article we first give a brief tutorial on the various MAC-layer QoS mechanisms provided by 802.11e. We show that the 802.11e standard provides a very powerful platform for QoS supports in WLANs. Then we provide an extensive survey of recent advances in admission control algorithms/protocols in IEEE 802.11e WLANs. Our survey covers the research work in admission control for both EDCA and HCCA. We show that the new MAC-layer QoS schemes and parameters provided in EDCA and HCCA can be well utilized to fulfill the requirements of admission control so that QoS for multimedia applications can be provided in WLANs. Last, we give a summary of the design of admission control in EDCA and HCCA, and point out the remaining challenges.     

Analysis of IEEE 802.11e for QoS support in wireless LANs

The IEEE 802.11e medium access control protocol is an emerging standard for wireless local area networks providing quality of service. An overview of this standard based on the current draft is presented on this article. We analyze the enhancements in 802.11 standard. The new hybrid coordination function of the IEEE 802.11e with its contention-based and contention-free (controlled) medium access control schemes is evaluated. The capability to provide QoS support is discussed by means of simulations.     

On the unfairness in IEEE 802.11e networks: Desynchronization of its medium access mechanism

Since the advent of the first IEEE 802.11 standard, several papers have proposed means of providing QoS to IEEE 802.11 networks and evaluate various traffic-prioritization mechanisms. Nevertheless, studies on the assignment of AIFS times defined in IEEE 802.11e reveal that the various priority levels work in a synchronized manner. The studies show that, under large loads of high-priority traffic, EDCA starves low-priority frames, which is undesirable. We argue that QoS traffic needs to be prioritized, but users sending best-effort frames should also obtain the expected service. High-priority traffic can also suffer performance degradation when using EDCA because of heavy loads of low-priority frames. Thus, we have proposed a mechanism based on desynchronizing the IEEE 802.11e working procedure. It prevents stations that belong to different priority classes from attempting simultaneous transmission, prioritizes independent collision groups and achieves better short-term and long-term channel access fairness. We have evaluated the proposal based on extensive analytical and simulation results. It prevents the strangulation of low-priority traffic, and, moreover, reduces the degradation of high-priority traffic with the increased presence of low-priority frames.     

Quality of service support in IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc networks

Supporting Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless networks is a challenging problem. The IEEE 802.11 LAN standard was developed primarily for elastic data applications. In order to support the transmission of real-time data, a polling-based scheme called the point coordination function (PCF) was introduced in IEEE 802.11. However, PCF was not able to meet the desired and practical service differentiation requirements to fulfill the need of real-time data. Therefore, Task Group E of the IEEE 802.11 working group released several IEEE 802.11e drafts, whose main task is to support QoS in IEEE 802.11 LANs. The polling scheme of PCF is extended in IEEE 802.11e into the more complex hybrid coordination function (HCF). We found that HCF has several performance issues that may affect its anticipated performance. In this paper, we address these issues and propose a QoS enhancement over PCF, called enhanced PCF (EPCF) that enables Wireless LAN to send a combination of voice, data and isochronous data packets using the current IEEE 802.11 PCF. First, we compare the performance of the proposed model (EPCF) with the HCF function of the IEEE 802.11e through simulation. Second, we extend the proposed model (EPCF) to work in a multihop wireless ad hoc mode and present the advantages and limitations in this case. Simulation results demonstrate an enhanced performance of our scheme over the legacy PCF and a comparable performance to the IEEE 802.11e HCF in terms of the average delay and system throughput. However, EPCF is much simpler than HCF, provides flow differentiation, and is easy to implement in the current IEEE 802.11 standard.