高浓度含氰农药废水处理实例

该项目处理的水量为80m3/d,高浓度含氰农药废水的主要特点是难降解的有机物含量高,色度深,废水的主要难点是含有高氰化物和色度深,由于氰化物是毒性物质,处理该种废水的重要的是破氰和脱色,本项目采用的破氰分为络合和氧化两级处理,经过导电活性炭和铁粉组成的三维电解之后再用芬顿氧化处理之后的废水颜色和COD均得到有效处理,最后经过混凝沉淀和曝气生物滤池处理之后能够达标排放。该工艺具有处理效率高、处理成本低等优点。     

含氰废水处理方案筛选

介绍了当前含氰废水的多种工艺方案,并提出了未来含氰废水的处理技术,即将由破氰转变为提氰,不仅节省氧化剂的使用减少二次污染,还能使氰获得资源化再利用.     

二氧化氯处理含氰废水的研究

利用稳定二氧化氯对化肥厂造血含气含氰废水进行了处理试验，得出了适宜的处理条件，结果表明，二氧化氯对含氰废水的处理效果良好，处理后废水中的氰化物含量达到了排放标准。     

硫酸亚铁法处理高浓度含氰废水

对硫酸亚铁法处理含氰废水进行研究,首次分别测定易释放氰浓度和总氰浓度,结果表明在pH 4～6,处理后废水中铁氰化物含氰质量浓度0.2 mg/L,总氰质量浓度为2 mg/L.采用硫酸亚铁处理含氰废水达不到排放标准是由于游离氰过高引起的,且生成铁蓝很稳定,因此,可以在过滤前进一步加入氧化剂一步处理达到排放标准.     

黄金湿法冶炼含氰废水处理研究进展

黄金湿法冶炼产生的含氰废水成分复杂、含盐量高、污染物浓度高,因而处理难度大。综述了现有含氰废水的处理方法,根据生产实践中是否回收氰,分为氰化物的破坏与分离回收两类,并对比了不同方法的优缺点及应用现状。介绍了含氰废水处理的新工艺,主要包括多种方法的联合工艺及高效节能的新技术。针对含氰废水回用"零排放"的问题,简述了多工艺联合处理废水脱盐的方法进展。     

水处理专利

专利名称：含氰废水处理方法及处理系统 申请号：201010220074 摘要：本发明是将含氰废水调节pH值至1．8-2．2，通入气体搅拌处理；产生的微量氰化物气体进入氰气吸收塔，处理后排放；使废水中的部分氰化物以沉淀形式从废水中沉淀出来．再加入絮凝剂，使氰化物沉淀以更大的矾花沉淀出来．沉淀污泥进入污泥压滤系统，压成滤饼；经过压滤处理的含氰废水，通过过滤器过滤，再经过破氰反应池破氰。为了实现该方法本发明还公开了一种含氰废水的处理系统。本发明能够节省60％的次氯酸钠或次氯酸钙．为企业减少废水处理运行成本。同时还可以对铜泥进行回收．可以为企业创造效益。     

镀镍废水中氰化物的处理方法

用漂水处理含镍废水中的氰化物,由于生成氢氧化高镍沉淀,次氯酸钠利用率太低,方法不可行。用双氧水破氰效果较好,但过量的双氧水分解后产生氧气,使氢氧化镍沉淀上浮,给沉淀分离带来了困难,用焦亚硫酸钠还原过量的双氧水,能够有效地解决这个问题。加氢氧化钠将废水pH控制在10左右,既可使镍离子完全沉淀,又可以使双氧水破氰反应顺利进行。实践证明,用这种方法处理含镍废水中的氰化物,氰、镍和铜离子的质量浓度能够达到国家排放标准的要求。     

甲壳素吸附金属离子催化氧化处理含氰废水的研究

以甲壳素为载体吸附金属离子(Ni2+)利用空气中的氧气催化氧化处理含氰废水进行了探索研究,并得到了吸附金属离子的甲壳素对含氰废水进行催化氧化处理的较佳工艺条件。废水的pH值为8.0～9.0,空气流量4.5L/min,Ni-甲壳素与废水质比1.2×10-3,反映时间3h,氰化物的去除率可达99.4%。     

高效降氰真菌的分离筛选及降氰条件研究

从电镀废水、含氰污泥及电镀车间渡槽液中分离筛选出三株高效降氰真菌,并对其中Fw菌株氰化物降解条件进行了研究。研究结果表明,该菌株的最佳降氰条件为温度20-30℃、pH5-7、摇床转数100～180r／min、接种量6％-20％。在最佳降氰条件下,Fw菌株降氰率达到95％以上,剩余氰化物质量浓度低于1mg／L。该菌株可以直接利用CN-作为碳源和氮源,并且在培养基中不外加碳源和氮源时,氰化物剩余质量浓度分别为0．25mg／L和0．49mg／L,达到国家一级排放标准。本研究结果可以作为利用真菌处理含氰废水的依据。     

某氰化尾矿浆无害化处理工艺的比选

某氰化尾矿浆中总氰化物和总砷元素超标,开展了直接处理和调浆后处理两种工艺试验研究。结果表明:采用直接处理工艺,氰渣毒性浸出液中总氰化物浓度为2.18 mg/L,砷浓度为1.10 mg/L;采用调浆后处理工艺,氰渣毒性浸出液中总氰化物浓度为0.22 mg/L,砷浓度为0.55 mg/L;两种处理工艺均能满足相关规范和标准的要求。综合比较,推荐采用调浆后处理工艺,基本工艺流程为:原矿浆压滤-调浆-过氧化氢氧化-硫酸亚铁固砷。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.