基于人体舒适度指数的居民用电分析及用电负荷预测研究

针对气象状况、季节等因素对居民用电负荷有不同影响,为深入分析不同因素与居民用电的相关性,提出人体气象舒适度指数,建立适用于用电负荷的人体气象舒适度指数模型。采用灰色关联度方法分析各气象因子以及人体舒适度指数与居民用电的相关性。基于郑州气象大数据和居民用户用电数据,得到人体气象舒适度指数相比于其他单个气象因子具有更强的关联性。基于灰度预测模型和RBF神经网络,结合人体舒适度指数对用电的影响,提出灰色RBF神经网络预测算法。用郑州某小区近年的负荷数据作为预测样本数据,分别采用灰色预测模型、RBF神经网络预测模型以及灰色RBF神经网络预测模型对用户负荷进行预测分析。测试结果表明：灰色RBF神经网络模型预测精度最高,可为后续居民用电负荷的精确预测奠定理论基础。     

智能座舱睡眠舒适度的实证研究

目的 基于生物力学原理,评价自动驾驶情景中座椅靠背和座面的多种组合对睡眠舒适度的影响,从而指导智能座舱的设计研发。方法 基于Tekscan的CONFORmat座椅压力分布测量系统,设计了座面角度(15°,25°,35°)和靠背角度(140°,150°,160°)的实验装置,获取了20位被试的客观多维数据与主观评价数据,随后应用人工神经网络构建了舒适度预测模型。结果 重复测量方差分析表明,随着座面平移角度的增加,可有效地均衡界面接触压力分布,座椅靠背角度为160°与座面角度35°的组合设计,其压力的加权平均值、总接触面积、界面压力分布指数、适应性等级与其他实验条件有显著性差异。结论 最后应用人工神经网络预测模型的精确验证,研究建议将35°的座面角度与160°的椅背应用于智能座舱的睡眠位置。     

儿童安全座椅舒适度评价研究

目的探究"大数据"的时代背景下儿童安全座椅健康舒适性评价影响因素,提出安全座椅舒适度评价应考虑的因素。方法通过文献研究和大数据分析安全座椅舒适度各影响因素,采用人体压力分布指标实验,研究不同材质、不同曲面形态的汽车儿童安全座椅坐垫的人体压力分布特征及与安全座椅舒适度的关系。结果舒适度的评价体系应结合基于大数据的主客观评价方法。结论运用大数据分析方法和大数据可视化技术,可突破传统安全座椅舒适性评价方法的局限,安全座椅舒适评价方式将以革新快捷、直观的方式呈现。     

数据拟合在可燃气体报警器检测中的应用

本文简要介绍了利用最小二乘法数据拟合技术建立可燃气体报警器回归预测模型的方法步骤,模型的检验分析和预测数据的误差计算验证了其预测结果的可信程度。     

浅析空调车厢的气流组织

如何使空调车厢中的气流组织合理化,对提高人体的热舒适性或提高乘客的乘坐舒适度,具有特别重要的意义。针对空调车厢中的气流组织,分析了该因素对人体热舒适性的影响。     

人-车系统的人体乘坐舒适性仿真及实验研究

汽车振动直接影响人体的乘坐舒适性.为了高效地评价振动环境下人-车系统的人体乘坐舒适性,运用ADAMS/View和LifeMOD软件构建了人-车系统生物力学仿真模型,通过对路面不平度的模拟,将不同路面作为振动激励添加到人-车系统的动力学分析当中,进行不同路面及不同车速的人体乘坐舒适性仿真研究.在SA30-S802/ST随机振动台上,进行相应路面及车速激励的人体振动响应实验,并验证了人体乘坐舒适性.将仿真计算与实验结果进行对比研究表明,仿真结果和实验结果基本一致,一定程度验证了所建立的人-车系统生物力学仿真模型的正确性及其进行人体乘坐舒适性仿真的可靠性,对快速评价人-车系统的人体乘坐舒适性具有一定的指导价值,为在汽车产品的设计阶段进行人体乘坐舒适性预测和评价提供了有效方法.     

儿童乘坐安全座椅压力—舒适性探究

目的 探究儿童在乘坐安全座椅时背部与臀部接触区域的舒适性差异,得出背部和臀部的压力舒适区域,为今后的设计提供一定理论基础.方法 招募8名4～8岁的健康儿童作为被试,让被试先后坐在三款儿童安全座椅上,提取压力数据并做舒适性主观测试;计算标准差检验座椅的稳定性,进行配对样本t检验比较座椅间的差异性;绘制压力—舒适性图像验证舒适与不适的区域.结果 在"瞬时"压力测试中C座椅界面压力分配方案最优,与主观测试结果一致(C>B>A).在"10 min"的压力测试中,B座椅的峰值压力更稳定,A、C座椅无显著差异,与主观测试结果不一致,推测儿童对安全座椅的舒适性判断取决于入座时的第一印象.结论 实验结果表明4～8岁儿童在乘坐不同安全座椅时,材质偏硬、坐面造型平坦的安全座椅对人体的压迫性更强;材质偏软、包裹性强的安全座椅更贴合人机形态,舒适性更高.     

运用模糊神经网络的汽车座椅舒适性评价

汽车座椅舒适性受到消费者的高度关注。由于复杂性和主观性等因素的影响,使得汽车座椅舒适度评价成为座椅制造企业和整车企业的一个技术难点。提出一种基于模糊神经网络的座椅舒适度评价模型,应用8个座椅压力分布参数和2个人体参数等对座椅舒适性进行综合评价。实例分析显示:与普通BP网络模型对比,模糊神经网络模型具有更好的预测效果。     

和谐号动车座椅的人因学改善研究

以和谐号动车座椅为研究对象,以人因学为理论依据,以人因学软件Jack为研究工具,建立数字人,对动车座椅进行建模仿真,通过舒适度检验发现其存在的问题。结果表明：通过对动车座椅座面高度、座面倾角以及靠背高度的重新设计,可以显著提高旅客乘坐的舒适度。     

基于肌肉骨骼负荷的上肢姿势不舒适度评价方法

针对通过主观评价建立的人体姿势不舒适度评价方法的应用效果不理想的问题,提出了基于肌肉骨骼负荷的上肢姿势不舒适度评价方法(Upper Limb Posture Discomfort Assessment Method Based on Musculoskeletal Loads,UAML)。根据人体关节负荷大小、肌张力收缩程度与人体姿势不舒适度之间的因果关系,应用DELMIA人机工程软件进行了人体关节负荷仿真实验,测量了虚拟人在不同人体姿势下关节力矩的变化情况,利用MP150生理记录仪测量了一组受试者在不同人体姿势下的表面肌电特性。对关节力矩数据和根据相关肌肉横截面积加权计算得到的肌电数据进行了归一化处理,利用回归分析的方法建立了以关节动作角度为变量的关节动作不舒适度模型,运用模糊综合评价的方法对关节不舒适度和上肢姿势不舒适度进行评价,将提出的评价方法应用到实际,与快速上肢评价法的评价结果相比,验证了其可靠性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.