金属氮化物富勒烯的研究现状

内嵌金属氮化物簇富勒烯的发现极大地扩展了内嵌富勒烯家族。内嵌金属氮化物富勒烯是一类将含有金属原子的氮化物(Mx-N,AxM3-x-N)包裹在富勒烯碳笼中的化合物,因其具有独特的分子结构和性质而受到人们广泛的研究和关注。阐述了合成金属氮化物富勒烯的方法,着重介绍了电弧法,探讨了氮源对电弧法合成金属氮化物富勒烯产量的影响,介绍了金属氮化物富勒烯常用的分离提纯方法,最后讨论了金属氮化物富勒烯的结构特点、性质和潜在应用。     

静态氮气氛中合成金属氮化物

提出了在高温和静态氮气氛下利用金属与氮气直接反应制取金属氮化物的合成方法.通过选择不同的反应条件,用该方法合成了从活泼金属(如Li、Mg、La、Ce和Al)到过渡金属(如Ti、Zr、V、Nb和Cr)等10种二元氮化物.时所得氮化物进行XRD物相分析表明,所得产物均以二元氮化物为主相,杂相含量很少.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了AIN、TiN和VN样品的表面形貌,EDX分析表明,它们的化学组成与名义成分基本一致.与其它氮化物合成方法相比,静态氮气中直接氮化的合成方法具有节省资源和环境友好的优点.     

过渡金属氮氧化物制备方法的研究进展

综述了近10年来过渡金属氮氧化物的制备方法,主要包括溅射法(磁控溅射法和等离子体溅射法)、化学气相沉积法(等离子体增强化学气相沉积法、低压化学气相沉积法和催化化学气相沉积法)和化学合成法(氨解法、原位热解法和氮化物氧化法)三大类,并总结了常用的溅射法和化学气相沉积法合成技术参数。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备三元金属氮化物薄膜及其最新研究进展

三元金属氮化物薄膜是一类在电子、铁磁等领域具有广阔应用前景的新材料,主要有立方金属(反)钙钛矿和立方η碳化物(η-carbide)两种结构类型,由于其卓越的性能如高硬度、超导性、催化性以及各种不同的磁学性能而引起人们广泛的研究。本文主要介绍了三元氮化物结构特性以及溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)在这些氮化物制备方面的应用,阐述并分析了溶胶-凝胶法的优缺点;简述了溶胶-凝胶法制备其他三元金属氮化物薄膜(如铁磁薄膜)的应用;最后指出了溶胶-凝胶法目前存在的一些问题。     

金属氮化物纳米储能材料及其柔性超级电容器

超级电容器具有功率密度高、循环寿命长和安全性高等优点,在储能领域具有巨大的应用前景。如何设计和制备具有优异电容性能的电极材料和电极结构是制备高性能超级电容器的关键。过渡金属氮化物(Mx N,M=Ti,V,Mo,Nb,W)是一类具有开发潜力的优异电化学储能材料。相比碳材料,过渡金属氮化物具有更大的比电容,相比过渡金属氧化物电极材料,过渡金属氮化物表现出更为优异的倍率性能和快速充放电性能。介绍了几种典型的过渡金属氮化物储能材料及其电容特性,利用金属氮化物纳米线高长径比的特征,通过简单真空抽滤的方法,制备了具有良好机械柔性的三维交织的纳米线基薄膜纸电极;结合凝胶电解液,构建了高性能的柔性全固态超级电容器,最后对过渡金属氮化物在超级电容器领域的发展进行了展望。     

超级电容器中的二维材料

以石墨烯为代表的具有层状结构的二维材料因具有大比表面积等特性成为超级电容器电极材料的热门候选.文章着眼于针对诸如石墨烯、过渡金属二硫族化合物、过渡金属碳/氮化物、层状过渡金属氧化物/氢氧化物等二维材料在超级电容器领域应用的研究,尝试总结了其制备方法、产物形貌特征以及作为电极的性能等,并对这一领域的未来发展和面临的挑战提出了看法与预测.     

超级电容器中的二维材料

以石墨烯为代表的具有层状结构的二维材料因具有大比表面积等特性成为超级电容器电极材料的热门候选。文章着眼于针对诸如石墨烯、过渡金属二硫族化合物、过渡金属碳/氮化物、层状过渡金属氧化物/氢氧化物等二维材料在超级电容器领域应用的研究,尝试总结了其制备方法、产物形貌特征以及作为电极的性能等,并对这一领域的未来发展和面临的挑战提出了看法与预测。     

燃烧合成氮化物陶瓷基复合材料

氮化物陶瓷是应用广泛的特种陶瓷，但传统的氮化物陶瓷烧结方法极为消耗能源、生产周期长、成本高。为降低成本、能耗，采用燃烧合成工艺制备氮化物陶瓷基复合材料，包括氮化钛和六方氮化硼，燃烧合成工艺利用单质元素与氮气反应合成氮化物。研究结果表明：压坏与80MPa N2反应燃烧合成TiN制件致密度约75％，压坯为添加了TiN稀释剂和适量氧化铝的钛粉，压坯孔隙率45％；燃烧合成纯BN制件致密度为68％，BN基制件致密度为78％，压坯为添加了h-BN稀释剂或SiO2添加剂的B粉压坯与80MPa N2反应合成，压坯孔隙率48％；在材料体系中，稀释剂起减小晶粒尺寸和降低燃烧温度的作用，而Al2O3和SiO3添加剂则起提高强度和相对密度的作用。     

晶种和晶化模式对金属有机骨架MIL-101合成的影响

采用晶种导向法、静态水热晶化法和动态水热晶化法合成金属有机骨架MIL-101,通过XRD、SEM、N2物理吸附等表征方法考察了晶种和晶化模式对MIL-101产物收率和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,MIL-101原粉作为晶种在合成过程中可溶解成(或解离成)适当的结构单元作为晶体生长核心,缩短晶化诱导期,提高产物收率。晶化模式影响MIL-101产物的收率和晶粒尺寸。动态晶化合成的MIL-101产物收率较静态晶化产物收率高,搅拌速率小于200r/min时收率随搅拌速率增加而增加。动态晶化合成的MIL-101产物晶粒尺寸较静态晶化产物晶粒尺寸小,随搅拌速率增加而减小。     

机械合金化制备SbSn金属间化合物的研究

用机械合金化法制备SbSn金属间化合物.使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜和DSC差热分析方法对Sb、Sn混合粉末经不同工艺条件合成的产物进行了分析.结果表明:机械合金化法可合成Sb-Sn金属间化合物;随着机械合金化持续进行,合金化的粉末和晶粒不断细化,晶粒内部产生很大的晶格畸变,并且球磨产生的密度和缺陷使原子扩散加快.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.