激光功率对CO2激光-MAG电弧复合焊电弧与熔滴行为的影响

采用高速摄像系统观测熔滴过渡模式和等离子体形态的变化,并采集焊接过程中的电弧和熔滴图像,利用电弧分析仪记录电弧信号,通过试验深入研究激光功率对CO2激光-熔化极活性气体保护焊(Metal active gas,MAG)电弧复合焊接的电弧形态、焊接稳定性、熔滴过渡频率的影响。研究表明,焊接电流的增加减小了实际热源间距,并且实际热源间距在2 mm附近效果最佳;带电粒子在主辅导电通道内的运动产生扰动或漂移、焊接模式的跳变和过渡模式的改变是电流、电压波形出现紊乱和尖角波形的主要原因;激光的加入降低了熔滴过渡频率和过渡稳定性;焊接电流为160A、180 A时,激光-电弧复合焊接的熔滴过渡频率均随着激光功率的增加而先减小后增大,但其过渡频率介于160 A和180 A电弧焊接时熔滴过渡频率之间。     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响

试验研究Nd:YAG激光 脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接过程中焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响.研究结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔深随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的增大而减小,并且在相同参数下,复合热源焊缝熔深稍大于激光焊缝熔深而显著大于脉冲MAG焊缝熔深.对于不同焊接电流,光丝间距在0～3 mm内复合热源焊缝取得最大熔深,且取得最大熔深的光丝间距与焊接电流大小有关;复合热源焊缝熔深在离焦量为2 mm时取得最大值.试验结果分析表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率不仅决定复合热源焊缝熔深,而且可以极大地提高焊接速度:MAG电弧也可提高Nd:YAG激光焊的热效率.     

激光-MIG双丝复合焊电弧特性与熔滴过渡研究

利用搭建的激光-熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert-gas,MIG)双丝复合焊接系统进行焊接试验。在试验中,主要研究激光功率、送丝速度、光丝间距和离焦量等几个主要变量对复合焊接稳定性、电弧特性和熔滴过渡的影响规律。分别选取电弧电压变异系数、电弧偏转角、熔滴过渡方式及过渡频率作为评价参量对稳定性、电弧特性和熔滴过渡进行分析。研究发现,随着激光功率增加,电弧偏转角先减小后增加,在1 000 W附近偏转角最小,焊接过程最稳定。引导丝熔滴始终为粗滴过渡,而跟随丝熔滴为粗滴过渡+少量短路过渡,熔滴过渡频率呈现先增加后下降的趋势。在送丝速度为4 m/min时引导丝和跟随丝的电弧稳定性最好,电弧偏转角先减小后增加最终趋于稳定。在离焦量为–1 mm时,引导丝和跟随丝熔滴过渡频率均达到最大值,分别为8.6Hz和6.3Hz。     

双旁路耦合电弧MIG焊熔滴过渡受力分析

针对双旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert gas,MIG)焊过程,使用高速摄像采集不同旁路电流下的熔滴过渡图像,通过图像处理提取熔滴过渡数据信息,并对熔滴所受的主要作用力进行定量计算。根据计算结果对比分析不同参数下熔滴受力的动态变化情况,研究旁路电弧对熔滴过渡的促进机理。结果表明,在焊接总电流较大的情况下电磁力对双旁路耦合电弧MIG焊熔滴过渡的影响最显著,旁路电弧可以促进熔滴上弧根面积的扩展和熔滴缩颈的形成,通过增加向下的电磁力来促进熔滴过渡,且旁路电流越大旁路电弧对熔滴过渡的促进作用越明显;在焊接总电流不变的情况下,随着旁路电流的增加熔滴过渡频率随之增加,熔滴尺寸随之减小,熔滴过渡形式逐渐由大滴过渡转变为喷射过渡。     

激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊的焊接稳定性

研究激光和Ar+He混合气体中He气体体积分数对激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊焊接稳定性的影响。搭建激光+双丝脉冲熔化极活性气体保护(Metal active-gas, MAG)复合焊焊接系统,利用LabVIEW信号采集系统采集焊接电流和电弧电压波形,借助高速摄像系统同步拍摄电弧形态和熔滴过渡过程,实时监测焊接过程。观察后丝短路和前丝断弧情况并对前丝电弧电压进行单因素方差分析,研究Ar+He混合气体中He气体体积分数对焊接稳定性影响;比较焊接过程中激光的有无对熔滴过渡的影响,分析激光对焊接稳定性影响。结果发现随着He气体体积分数增大,后丝对应短路次数增多,当He气体体积分数为50%时,前丝出现断弧现象,大于50%,断弧时间随之增加,焊接稳定性变差;激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊和双丝脉冲MAG复合焊相比,加入激光可稳定电弧,为熔滴提供一附加力,该力促进熔滴过渡,使熔滴过渡尺寸减小,加大过渡频率,改善熔滴过渡,提高焊接稳定性。     

纵向磁场对MAG焊电弧及熔滴过渡的控制作用

将纵向磁场应用于98%Ar+2%O2和80%Ar+20%CO2保护的射流过渡MAG焊,借助高速摄像手段研究外加纵向磁场对MAG焊电弧形态及运动特征的影响规律,揭示纵向磁场对MAG焊电弧的作用本质在于压缩电弧.通过分析液流束末端的液态金属的受力情况,确立纵向磁场作用下MAG焊的熔滴过渡机制.试验结果表明,外加纵向磁场使得相对"静态"的锥形MAG焊电弧转变为高速旋转的螺旋状电弧,并且随着励磁电流的增大,电弧旋转角速度加快、可见弧长缩短、电弧电场强度提高.同时外加纵向磁场的引入还能够降低焊接电流、提高熔滴过渡频率和焊丝熔化系数.外加纵向磁场对射流过渡MAG焊接过程稳定性的影响特点与所采用的保护气体的物理性质相关.     

药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊熔滴过渡形态观察分析

采用高速摄影技术和汉诺威焊接参数分析仪,对国内外代表性的药芯焊丝CO2焊的熔滴过渡过程、电弧行为、飞溅、烟雾等电弧物理现象进行了大量的观察,总结了各种药芯焊丝熔滴过渡形式和电弧行为的特点,对各种过渡形式工艺性进行了初步评价。     

面能量对激光—电弧复合焊接焊缝及熔滴过渡的影响

引入面能量的定义,从激光功率、电弧参数和焊接速度等方面来研究面能量的变化对焊缝熔深、熔宽、焊缝成形系数和熔滴过渡的影响,试图建立激光能量与电弧能量之间的最佳配比关系以及面能量与熔深的定量关系。采用高速摄像系统观测熔滴过渡模式和等离子体形态的变化,并采集焊接过程中的电弧和熔滴图像;利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察焊缝形貌,并测量焊缝熔宽、熔深等数据。试验研究发现:激光与电弧两热源之间存在最优匹配范围;电弧电压与焊接电流之间存在U(15 1)0.05I的关系式;焊接速度的降低与焊缝熔深的增加并非线性关系,可选择的焊接速度是一个区间,该区间内存在一个最佳的焊接速度,并对应一个最佳的面能量。因此,在具体的激光—电弧复合焊接中,需要根据板厚、接头形式等确定激光与电弧的能量参数,选择合适的面能量。     

电弧填丝增材制造过程熔滴射滴过渡特征及其对熔滴沉积成形的影响

基于脉冲GMA电弧检测了电弧填丝增材制造过程中与熔滴过渡相关的电弧电流、电弧电压和声发射信号,研究了电弧脉冲作用下的铝合金熔滴射滴过渡特征,提出了一种可对处于射滴过渡模式下的熔滴尺寸、电弧力和熔滴沉积率进行计算的方法,并分析了沉积层的成形质量特征。研究结果表明,利用检测获得的电弧电压、电弧电流信号和声发射信号可以对处于射滴过渡模式下的熔滴过渡过程及其特征进行区分。在本研究条件下,作用在过渡熔滴上的电弧力随电弧功率增加而递增。电弧力的增加将限制熔滴尺寸的增大,从而在电弧功率递增时呈现熔滴尺寸的递减和熔滴过渡频率的递增。同时,电弧功率增加,使热输入增大,射滴过渡熔滴对熔池的冲击增强,容易造成熔滴过渡形成的沉积层坍塌,从而使熔滴沉积层高度递增的趋势减缓,形成的沉积层显微组织明显粗化。     

激光-电弧复合焊过程的熔滴过渡特征与受力分析

利用高速相机对高氮钢激光-电弧复合焊接过程的熔滴过渡、熔滴形态、等离子体形态进行采集与分析。采用图像处理与数学计算相结合的方法给出熔滴在电弧空间飞行时的受力大小和加速度。初步计算激光产生的金属蒸气对熔滴的反冲力的大小和分布。结果表明:熔滴呈现颗粒过渡的临界焊接电流为180 A附近;熔滴呈现射滴过渡的临界焊接电流200 A附近。激光的加入对电弧具有明显的压缩作用,在熔池表面这种压缩作用更为剧烈。通过观测和计算给出电弧焊和激光-电弧复合焊时熔滴刚脱离焊丝的加速度分别达到70 m/s~2和50 m/s~2。在实际复合焊接过程中,当熔滴落入熔池位置与激光匙孔间距为3 mm时,从激光匙孔喷发的金属蒸气对熔滴的反冲力非常小。激光的加入主要改变了电弧形态,近而改变熔滴上下表面的压力差,使得熔滴在接近熔池表面发生合并和过渡频率减慢。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO_2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORTCIRCUITING MODE

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment.Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in flat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.     

ACQUIRING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION OF SPECTRUM INFORMATION OF WELDING METAL TRANSFER

In order to recognize various metal transfer modes, by the creation of a pattern recognition system for metal transfer mode, five kinds of spectrum signal in gas metal arc welding (MIG, MAG and CO2) are collected and taken as training samples. These samples are pretreated by computer. Several key characteristic parameters of the spectrum signal are creatively extracted, and a corresponding recognition function and a minimum-distance-classifier are constructed. The results show that using this method, the pattern recognition of several kinds of metal transfer mode for the metal gas arc welding can be done successfully. It has good accuracy and recognition precision, basis for controlling the metal gas arc welding metal transfer automatically, and relative important parameters in welding process, such as the frequency of droplet transfer and the approximate diameter of each droplet, can also be obtained.     

Effects of Active Gases on Droplet Transfer and Weld Morphology in Pulsed-Current NG-GMAW of Mild Steel

The current research of narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW) primarily focuses on improving the sidewall fusion and avoiding the lack-of-fusion defect.However,the high cost and operation difficulty of the methods limit the industrial application.in this study,small amount of active gases CO2 and O2 were added into pure argon inert shield-ing gas to improve the weld formation of pulsed-current narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW) of mild steel.Their effects on droplet transfer and arc behavior were investigated.A high-speed visual sensing system was utilized to observe the metal transfer process and arc morphology.When the proportion Of CO2,being added into the pure argon shielding gas,changes from 5％ to 25％,the metal transfer mode changes from pulsed spray streaming transfer to pulsed projected spray transfer,while it remains the pulsed spray streaming transfer when 2％ to 10％ O2 is added.Both CO2 and O2 are favorable to stabilizing arc and welding process.O2 is even more effective than CO2.However,O2 is more likely to cause slags on the weld surface,while CO2 can improve the weld appearance in some sense.The weld surface concavity in NG-GMAW is greatly influenced by the addition of active gas,but the weld width and weld penetration almost keep constant.This study proposes a new method which is beneficial to improving the weld bead formation and welding process stability.     

CO2气体保护焊产生飞溅的原因及控制措施

熔滴飞溅是CO2气体保护焊影响生产效率、焊接稳定性和焊缝质量的主要因素。大滴过渡和短路过渡都会产生飞溅。分析飞溅的成因,采取有针对性的控制飞溅的有效措施,采用合理的焊接工艺、选择合理的焊接工艺参数降低飞溅率,对CO2气保焊有着十分重要的意义。     

Effect of laser on the welding process of short-circuiting transfer MIG welding of aluminum alloys

In this paper, the effect of laser on the welding process in metal inert gas (MIG) welding of aluminum alloys was studied exploiting high-speed imaging and welding electrical signals collecting. Bead-on-plate welding experiments were conducted using conventional short-circuiting transfer MIG welding and laser-short-circuiting transfer MIG hybrid welding. The obtained results point out that it took less time to strike the arc in laser-MIG hybrid welding, and the stability of arc striking was increased. When the laser was introduced into the arc atmosphere, the arc was compressed, and the welding energy was more concentrated. The arc cathode spot was fixed to the laser beam impinging spot, so the arc could burn stably. In laser-MIG hybrid welding, the droplet short-circuiting transfer stability and the weld appearance were improved significantly. Moreover, an analysis method of judging droplet transfer stability which bases on statistical techniques was proposed. By this method, it can be concluded that the short-circuiting transfer process became more stable in laser-MIG hybrid welding.     

高强钢厚板激光-GMAW复合双面同步横焊特性研究

针对30 mm厚船用高强钢10Ni5Cr Mo V对接接头横焊应用需求,开展激光-熔化极气体保护电弧(Gas metal arc welding,GMAW)复合双面同步横焊特性研究。研究结果表明,针对横焊位姿因重力、非对称坡口对熔滴、电弧的影响,利用激光对电弧的吸引和收缩作用,通过减小光-丝间距,有效地抑制了电弧侧壁燃弧,熔滴在电磁力和等离子流力的作用下,稳定过渡到熔池中,实现了熔滴过渡稳定性控制,解决了激光-GMAW复合横焊位姿电弧偏离和熔滴下落等过程控制难题与侧壁未熔合问题;厚板激光-GMAW复合双面同步横焊包括打底层和填充层焊接,其中打底层焊接是保证接头焊接质量的关键;采用激光-GMAW复合双面同步横焊新方法,4道焊接完成了30 mm厚船用高强钢10Ni5Cr Mo V横焊位姿的高强、高效连接。焊缝表面成形良好,无裂纹、未焊透和侧壁未熔合等缺陷。接头的抗拉强度高于母材,且其–50℃冲击吸收能量为57.3 J。