高锰酸盐复合药剂强化混凝工艺研究

以某受污染地表水为研究对象,考察了高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)强化混凝工艺的除污染效能.静态试验结果表明,高锰酸盐最优投加方式应在混凝荆前投加,预氧化时间为20～40min,投量为1.2～2.4mg/L.生产性试验结果表明,采用高锰酸盐预氧化技术可以提高常规给水工艺去除有机污染物效能,使出厂水水质优于国家饮用水水质标准.     

高锰酸盐复合药剂预氧化处理低浊高藻水库水

通过搅拌试验研究了高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)预氧化对大沙河水库低浊高藻水的处理效能,并与高锰酸钾和氯预氧化的效能进行了对比。结果表明,PPC预氧化能显著提高浊度、藻类、CODMn和UV254的去除率,而且PPC预氧化的处理效能高于高锰酸钾预氧化和预氯化。PPC预氧化和粉末活性炭对大沙河高藻水库水的嗅味具有很好的去除效能,PPC的除嗅效能高于高锰酸钾。PPC优异的除污效能是由于高锰酸钾氧化作用、新生态水合二氧化锰的吸附及催化作用以及PPC各组分间的协同效应等多种因素共同作用的结果。     

高锰酸盐复合药剂的制备及其强化混凝的效能

以高锰酸钾为主剂．研究了高锰酸盐复合药剂中三种成分的配比,同时考察了其对混凝处理的强化效应。研究结果表明：与常规的混凝处理及仅投加高锰酸钾预氧化的混凝处理工艺相比,高锰酸盐复合药剂预氧化对混凝处理具有很好的强化效应,能显著提高混凝对浊度、有机物等污染指标的去除效率。在达到相近的出水水质时,投加0．8mg／L的高锰酸钾、10mgm的A组分和8mg／L的B组分,聚合氯化铝的投加量约减少50％。     

富营养化水体的PMSO强化聚合氯化铝絮凝处理工艺

针对常规混凝药剂对含藻水体处理效率低的问题,本试验利用单过硫酸氢钾复合盐为主要成分的"水王子"(PMSO)强化聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝处理含藻水体,考察其对含藻水体中藻类和高锰酸钾指数(COD_(Mn))的去除效果。结果表明,PMSO复配PAC能有效地提升絮凝过程对藻和COD_(Mn)的去除效能。当PAC的投加量为30 mg/L、PMSO投加量从2 mg/L增加到15 mg/L时,絮凝过程对COD_(Mn)的去除率从23.4%增加到40.2%,藻的去除率从37.0%增加到98.0%;PMSO投加量的增加能够有效地提高絮凝过程对藻类和COD_(Mn)的去除效率;当原水中藻浓度增高时,藻和COD_(Mn)的去除率随之下降。PMSO与PAC总投加量一定,其复配比为1:2时,对藻和COD_(Mn)的去除效率最高。     

高锰酸盐复合药剂处理北方高色水研究

针对典型的东北水库水,采用高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)进行了强化除色的初步试验研究.对水厂中的两个投加点进行了最佳投药量的试验.确定了最佳投加方式为PPC和混凝剂同时投加,PPC最佳投加质量浓度为0.5-1.5 mg/L.在此条件下,可以提高色度、浊度和CODMn的去除率.表明PPC可以有效地解决色度超标问题.采用PPC替代原来的助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺,不但可以解决技术上的难题,同时还具有经济效益.     

粉煤灰改性壳聚糖处理城市景观水的研究

用粉煤灰酸活化后过滤得到的滤液对壳聚糖进行改性,制备一种新型絮凝剂.用该絮凝剂对上海市和平公园、松鹤公园、鲁迅公园、彰武路某河的景观水体进行处理研究,并采用高锰酸钾预氧化,加强絮凝效果.结果表明,改性后的壳聚糖除浊、除藻效果很好,较少用量(0.6mg·L-1)可获得90%去除率.高锰酸钾预氧化强化了絮凝效果,当高锰酸钾投加量为1 mg·L-1时,改性壳聚糖的投加量大大减少(0.3 mg·L-1),藻去除率同比提高了近30%,但过高的投加量浊度去除率反而下降.     

高锰酸盐复合药剂强化混凝处理高有机物含量的地表水

用高锰酸盐复合药剂强化混凝处理,对受高浓度有机物放心水污染的地表水进行了试验研究,结果表明,仅用硫酸亚铁氯化法混凝处理时,原水CODMn浓度增加使混凝效果变差,混凝曲线的最佳药量范围变窄,处理后水质难以达到要求,高锰酸盐复合药剂有显著强化混凝效能,其强化混凝效果与投加方式有关,高锰酸盐复合药 硫酸亚铁混凝剂之后投加的混凝效果最好,投加主锰酸盐复合经剂强化处理使混凝曲线向下移动且向两极张开,拓宽了最佳混凝剂投量范围,提高了系统了抗干扰或抗冲击性,高锰酸盐复合药剂最佳投量与原水CODMn之间符合双矩形双曲线方程y=4\854x/(25.527 x).     

高锰酸盐—生物活性炭联用工艺除藻试验研究

考察了高锰酸盐预氧化—生物活性炭联用工艺去除藻类的效能.试验结果表明,高锰酸盐预氧化能明显改善混凝工艺对藻类的去除效果,随高锰酸盐投量的增加,混凝工艺对藻类的去除率呈上升趋势.生物活性炭滤池对藻类的去除主要集中在进水端,在20 cm处,去除率可达到60%.高锰酸盐—生物活性炭联用工艺对藻类及有机物有明显的去除,去除率可...     

高锰酸盐预氧化与活性炭-砂滤池联用处理富营养化水体中试研究

通过中试试验考察了高锰酸盐复合药剂预氧化与活性炭-砂滤池组合工艺处理富营养化水体的效能.与常规给水处理工艺的对比试验结果表明,投加质量浓度为1.5～2.0 mg/L的高锰酸盐预氧化,并用活性炭-砂滤池代替原有的石英砂滤池,能有效地提高混凝与过滤工艺的综合除污染效能,该组合工艺对有机物、藻类、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率可分别达到62.4%、99.5%、66.2%和65.9%,出水无明显嗅味.     

仲丁灵生产废水混凝预处理研究

以仲丁灵生产废水为研究对象,COD(化学需氧量)与色度为指标,研究了几种混凝剂与新型混凝脱色剂DH复合使用的混凝处理特性。通过不同的投配选择,得出了最佳的复合投加方式以及最佳药剂投加量。结果表明,采用硫酸亚铁与混凝脱色剂这种投加方式对该生产废水的预处理效果最佳,其色度去除率为70%,COD去除率为58%,有利于后续的生化处理;确定了最佳的药剂投加量为硫酸亚铁200mg/L,混凝脱色剂DH为250mg/L。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

Phospholipid metabolism in cells in culture

The proportions of the different lecithin fractions have been determined in HeLa and KB tissue culture cells and Ehrlich Ascites tumor. 82.8% of the total phosphatidyl choline phosphorus is found in fraction 3 of HeLa cells. The major phosphatidyl cholines found in KB cells and Ehrlich Ascites tumor are in fractions 3 and 4 and representing 66.6% and 88.7% of the total phosphatidyl choline P, respectively. The incorporation of 1,2-¹⁴C-choline and 1,2-¹⁴C-ethanolamine into the various phosphatidyl choline fractions has been assayed to determine their biosynthesis in Ehrlich Ascites tumor. The incorporation of 1,2-¹⁴C-choline into fractions 3 and 4 is 100 times the 1,2-¹⁴C-ethanolamine. This evidence indicates that the methylation pathway of phosphatidyl choline synthesis is very low in HeLa, KB and Ehrlich Ascites cells. One of 13 papers presented at the symposium “Lipid Metabolism in Cells in Culture,” AOCS Meeting, Houston, May 1971. Part of a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Science.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.