Effect of Adsorbent Diameter on the Performance of Adsorption Refrigeration

Adsorbents are important components in adsorption refrigeration. The diameter of an adsorbent can af-fect the heat and mass transfer of an adsorber. The effect of particle diameter on effective thermal conductivity was investigated. The heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant and the void rate of the adsorbent layer can also affect the effective thermal conductivity of adsorbents. The performance of mass transfer in the adsorber is better when pressure drop decreases. Pressure drop decreases with increasing permeability. The permeability of the adsorbent layer can be improved with increasing adsorbent diameter. The effect of adsorbent diameter on refrigeration output power was experimentally studied. Output power initially increases and then decreases with increasing diameter under different cycle time conditions. Output power increases with decreasing cycle time under similar diameters.     

基于矩法和时间域分析法研究稠密CO2中甲苯和对氯苯在硅胶固定床系统中的吸附和传递性质

Based on chromatographic theory, the moment method and the time-domain fitting analysis were applied to measure and evaluate the adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties (axial dispersion coefficient and effective intra-particle diffnsivity) for toluene and p-dichlorobenzene on silica gel adsorbent in the subcritical and supercritical CO2. An apparatus based on supercritical fluid chromatography was established and the experiments were performed at temperatures of 298.15-318.15 K and pressures of 7.5-17.8 MPa. The two methods have been compared. The results show that for the systems studied here the moment method can give reasonable values for both adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties, but the time-domain analysis only can obtain the adsorption equilibrium constant. The dependence of adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties on temperature and pressure was investigated.     

采用不同载体的中空纤维更新液膜Cu(Ⅱ)传质的研究(英文)

The extraction ability of organophosphorus extractant D2EHPA (di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid) and hydroximic extractant Lix984N are investigated by the extraction equilibrium experiments. Effects of carrier concentration and organic/aqueous volume ratio on the mass transfer of hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) are studied. Results show that, in the extracting process, kerosene and n-heptane are more suitable than methyl-isobutyl ketone, butylacetate and benzene as the diluents of D2EHPA or Lix984N. The favorable feed pH is 4.4 for D2EHPA and 2.6 for Lix984N. The mass transfer flux of HFRLM increases with carrier concentration and finally reaches a plateau. The mass transfer flux and the overall transfer coefficient increase with the or-ganic/aqueous volume ratio, reach the maximum and then decrease.     

基于矩法和时间域分析法研究稠密CO2中甲苯和对氯苯在硅胶固定床系统中的吸附和传递性质

Based on chromatographic theory, the moment method and the time-domain fitting analysis were applied to measure and evaluate the adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties (axial dispersion coefficient and effective intra-particle diffusivity) for toluene and p-dichlorobenzene on silica gel adsorbent in the subcritical and supercritical CO2. An apparatus based on supercritical fluid chromatography was established and the experiments were performed at temperatures of 298.15-318.15 K and pressures of 7.5-17.8 MPa. The two methods have been compared. The results show that for the systems studied here the moment method can give reasonable values for both adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties, but the time-domain analysis only can obtain the adsorption equilibrium constant. The dependence of adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties on temperature and pressure was investigated.     

银离子交换树脂π-络合吸附分离乙烯乙烷的研究

Ag+-exchanged resins are prepared and studied for ethylene/ethane separation by adsorption. On Ag+-exchanged S9, at 25℃ and 0.1013MPa, the equilibrium adsorbed amount for C2H4 is 0.992mmol·g-1, and the adsorption ratio for C2H4/C2H6 is 3.56. The adsorption capacity can be restored almost completely at 25℃ and 75℃, and the desorption residual amount is less than 0.01mmol·g-1. For the adsorption consisting of physical adsorption and π-complexation with energy heterogeneity, the equilibrium data are correlated with Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm equation. Furthermore, the heat of adsorption and the overall diffusion time constants are calculated from the experimental data. Considering all the adsorption characteristics, the application potential for industrial adsorption process is discussed.     

超声场对氢键缔合体系解吸平衡的影响研究

Effects of ultrasound on intensification of separation process were investigated through the experiment of desorption equilibrium behavior. Tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) on NKA-X resin and phenol on a solvent impregnated resin, CL-TBP resin, were used for desorption processes. The desorption rate was measured with and without ultrasound. Desorption equilibrium was studied under various ultrasonic power densities or thermal infusion. Results showed that the desorption rate with ultrasound was much higher than that with normal thermal infusion. Both ultrasound and thermal infusion broke the desorption equilibrium existed at room temperature. However, after the systems were cooled down, the amount of solute desorbed in the liquid phase in the presence of ultrasound was much higher than that at the temperature corresponding to the same ultrasound power. It is proved that the initial desorption equilibrium was broken as a result of the spot energy effect of ultrasound.     

超声内环流气升式反应器中环己烯环氧化反应的研究

Epoxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexene oxide was studied in a new type reactor-the ultrasound airlift loop reactor. The influences of ultrasound intensity, molar ratio of isobutyraldehyde to cyclohexene and oxygen gas flow rate on the conversion of cyclohexene and selectivity of cyclohexene oxide were investigated and discussed, and the optimal operation condition was found, under which 95.2% conversion of cyclohexene and 90.7% selectivity of cyclohexene oxide were achieved. The ultrasonic airlift loop reactor utilizes the synergistic effect of sonochemsitry and higher oxygen transfer rate. Possible reaction mechanisms were outlined and the reason of ultrasound promotion of epoxidation reactionwas analyzed.     

MASS TRANSFER IN MEMBRANE ABSORPTIONDESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM AMMONIA WATER

Hydrophobic membrane can provide fast mass transfer for absorption-desorption of gasesform liquid to absorbent.The removal of ammonia from ammonia water and absorption with dilutesulphuric acid was studied in a pilot plant with polypropylene hollow fiber column,The removalrate and influences of operation temperature,flow rate and concentration on mass transferperformances were discussed mathematically.Experimental results and computer calculation show thatthe ammonia removal rate is not affected by the feed concentration for a given system.Both partialand overall mass transfer coefficients vary along the axis of the fiber,and the mass transfer for themembrane process is controlled by membrane resistance.     

表面活性素集成生产过程(Ⅲ)吸附柱的模型

The study is focused on modeling of separation process and optimization.An adsorption separation process is simulated.The surfactin production process by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 followed by surfactin adsorption in a fixed-bed column packed with commercial active carbon is studied in laboratory.The adsorption column achieves high surfactin recovery(94%)by up-flow methanol elution at 25°C.The adsorption column is simulated with a complex one-dimensional plug flow dispersion model coupled with nonlinear adsorption equilibrium,based on the assumption that the adsorption of surfactin is monomolecular layer and no micelle is formed.The molecular diffusion coefficient of surfactin in water solution with electric neutrality is estimated to be 0.428×10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 by molecular dynamics simulation.The model developed can describe the complex interplay of adsorption kinetics,fluid dynamics,and mass-transfer phenomena based on the assumption of no radial temperature and concentration gradients,and is of adequate precision.The work involved in this paper is valuable for the optimization of the production process of surfactin.     

Prediction of mass transfer coefficients in an asymmetric rotating disk contactor using effective diffusivity

Mass transfer characteristics have been investigated in a 113 mm diameter asymmetric rotating disk contactor of the pilot plant scale for two different liquid–liquid systems. The effects of operating parameters including rotor speed and continuous and dispersed phase velocities on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients are investigated. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on agitation rate and interfacial tension, but only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In this study, effective diffusivity is used instead of molecular diffusivity in the Gr?ber equation for estimation of dispersed phase overall mass transfer coefficient.The enhancement factor is determined experimentally and there from an empirical expression is derived for prediction of the enhancement factor as a function of Reynolds number. The predicted results compared to the experimental data show that the proposed correlation can efficiently predict the overall mass transfer coefficients in asymmetric rotating disk contactors.     

超声场对栀子甙提取过程的强化

测定了在栀子果实中栀子甙在水溶液中浸取的固液平衡关系,不同强度超声场作用下栀子甙相平衡关系,研究比较了机械搅拌法和超声场介人下栀子甙的浸取率和浸取速率。实验结果表明：超声场可以改变浸取相平衡,超声场强度越大,固体中栀子甙吸附容量越小：超声场作用下使浸取率达到最高、浸取速率达到最大。超声场可有效强化液膜传质、粒内扩散,提高浸取率、加快浸取速率,能达到机械搅拌无法达到强化传质的效果。     

超声强化超临界流体萃取的数学模型

在传质理论和质量守恒原理的基础上,建立了超声强化超临界流体萃取(USFE)植物药有效成分的数学模型;确立了用于估算超声强化超临界流体萃取的产物得率的方法;获得了USFE及超临界流体萃取(SFE)过程的体积传质系数和固相内扩散系数。模型与实验结果模拟最大误差小于10%。该模型既证实了超声对SFE有强化效应,又对USFE和SFE过程有很好的预测功能,为工业化提供了理论依据。     

Application of wave propagation theory to adsorption breakthrough studies of toluene on activated carbon fiber beds

Based on the wave propagation theory, a dynamics model that combines the nonlinear equilibrium isotherm and the linear mass-transfer equation has been developed to predict the breakthrough behaviour of toluene adsorption in a fixed bed packed with activated carbon fibers. The experimental results showed that the constant-pattern wave model using the Langmuir isotherm equation could capture the dynamic behaviour of the adsorption column. Two important parameters, the half breakthrough time (t_1/2) and the volumetric mass-transfer coefficients (k_Gα) in the model were obtained from linear fitting of the model to experimental breakthrough data. k_Gα was found to be insensitive to the initial concentration and increased with the increasing the superficial velocity. It was also observed that t_1/2 decreases with increasing the superficial velocity and the initial concentration, and increases with increasing the bed height. A sensitivity analysis showed that external mass-transfer had a much stronger influence on the breakthrough curve than internal mass-transfer, confirming that the overall mass-transfer for toluene adsorption onto activated carbon fibers in fixed bed is controlled by external mass-transfer.     

超声波对活性炭吸附苯酚相平衡的影响

研究了超声波条件下的苯酚水溶液 +活性炭体系的相平衡以及超声波强度和第三组分的加入对这种相平衡关系的影响。研究结果表明 :与无超声波同温度下的常规脱附过程相比 ,超声波能够通过空化作用将能量施加于体系的分子上 ,使体系的相平衡明显向固相吸附量减少的方向移动 ;将乙醇或乙酸乙酯作为第三组分加入苯酚水溶液 +活性炭吸附体系 ,也可改变原有的吸附相平衡关系 ,使体系的相平衡向固相吸附量减少的方向移动 ,在超声场的同时作用下 ,这种相平衡关系的变化更为明显     

Thermal effects in dynamic storage of hydrogen by adsorption

Thermal effects in dynamic hydrogen storage by adsorption at room temperature and high pressure are studied theoretically and experimentally. The system of adsorbate–adsorbent used was hydrogen in granular activated carbon. The theoretical analysis was based on heat- and mass-transfer modeling in a packed-bed adsorber, with particular emphasis on the thermal effects occurring during charge and discharge steps. The influence of gas flow rate and storage pressure (up to 15 MPa) on the total amount stored or delivered was investigated. Operating conditions were compatible with practical application for onboard vehicle storage. The experimental study was carried out in cylindrical 2-L reservoirs filled with granular activated carbon in which the bed temperature was measured at various positions. The temperature changes during both charge and discharge agreed well with the model predictions.     

大孔树脂静态吸附10-羟基癸酸特性的研究

文章研究了大孔树脂对10-羟基癸酸的吸附特性,以吸附量和解吸量为指标,考察了不同因素对吸附的影响。正交静态吸附实验结果表明:当10-羟基癸酸的浓度为0.01mol/L,吸附时间为8h,吸附温度为80℃,pH为3时,大孔树脂对10-羟基癸酸的吸附率最大81.03%,并且大孔树脂的重复使用性能较好。     

Synthesis, characterization, and sorption properties of water-insoluble poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid)–montmorillonite composite

The sorption properties of composites based on 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid and montmorillonite are presented. Gel-type composites were obtained via in situ polymerization. Resin particles presented exfoliated morphologies, as suggested by X-ray diffraction. The addition of montmorillonite resulted in enhanced mechanical properties, as evaluated by Vickers microhardness tests. The swelling performances of the resins exhibited a fast initial water uptake, reaching the maximum absorption capacity after less of 1 h of contact. A batch procedure was used to evaluate the sorption characteristics of the composites, and the effects of pH, montmorillonite content, and time were studied. The composites showed high adsorption capacities at pH values of 3.0 and 5.0, and the addition of montmorillonite did not result in a significant enhancement of their adsorption capacity. The equilibrium adsorption performance can be described by the Langmuir isotherm, while kinetic experiments revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo-second-order model.     

Adsorption of zinc (II), cadmium (II), and copper (II) with PTFE Selective Resin containing primary amine N1923 and Cyanex925

In the present study, a synergistic extraction mixture, primary amine N1923 (RNH₂) and Cyanex925 (B), was loaded on PTFE powder to prepare PTFE Selective Resin and was employed for the adsorption of zinc, cadmium, and copper from chloride medium. The effects of shaking time, resin amounts, concentration of metal ions, and experimental temperature on the distribution coefficients were determined. The stoichiometry of the adsorbed complexes was determined to be MCl₂·(1/2)RNH₂·B with the Selective Resin. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic quantities (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were calculated. Furthermore, the Freundlich isotherm proved to be more suitable than the Langmuir isotherm to indicate the effect of concentration of M²⁺ on the adsorption with PTFE Selective Resin.     

超声强化活性炭吸附罗丹明B的研究

以活性炭吸附罗丹明为模型体系,研究超声波对吸附作用的影响,考察了不同超声波功率下的活性炭等温吸附曲线和吸附动力曲线的变化。研究结果表明,有无超声波作用下,活性炭吸附罗丹明符合Langmuir等温线;随着超声功率的增加,最大吸附量从无超声作用的555.56 mg/L下降到0.07 kW超声作用下的400 mg/L,同样,吸附平衡系数从无超声作用的0.058下降到0.07kW超声作用下的0.14。吸附动力学研究表明,随着超声时间增长,较强的超声功率会使活性炭吸附罗丹明B的吸附速度加快,并较快达到液相平衡浓度,并且不改变吸附平衡。     

超声波对苯酚在NKAⅡ树脂上吸附平衡的影响

本文以苯酚水溶液／NKAⅡ树脂吸附体系为实验对象,研究超声波对液固吸附平衡的影响。分别测定了在超声场和无超声场条件下,苯酚在NKAⅡ树脂上的吸附等温线,报道了在超声场条件下苯酚在高聚物吸附剂上的吸附等温线。研究结果表明：超声场作用下的吸附平衡等温线要低于在常规条件下的吸附等温线,超声场强度越大,苯酚在吸附剂上的吸附容量就越小。向吸附体系施加超声场,会导致吸附体系的温度升高。超声场对吸附平衡的影响是由超声场的热效应和非热效应所引起的,而后者的影响要大于前者。向液固吸附体系添加乙醇或乙酸乙酯作为第三组分,能进一步使体系的相平衡关系朝着吸附量减少的方向移动,这种变化在超声波场条件下更为明显。