Ni/SiO2介孔复合体的组装与光吸收性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备二氧化硅介孔固体,通过镍的硝酸盐溶液浸泡、干燥和随后氢热还原法,形成Ni/SiO2介孔复合体.根据DSC,XRD,TEM表征结果,纳米Ni颗粒尺寸为7～9nm,均匀地分布于SiO2介孔基体中.随着热处理温度提高,纳米颗粒尺寸增大,Ni/SiO2介孔复合体光吸收边明显发生红移.     

偏压和氮气流量对Ni+CrAlYSiN纳米复合涂层性能的影响

采用真空电弧蒸镀技术在高温合金K417上制备Ni+CrAlYSiN纳米复合涂层,用SEM,EDX,TEM等手段表征了复合涂层的形貌、成分和结构,研究了基体负偏压和氮气流量对涂层的形貌、结构、成分和性能的影响。结果表明,涂层主要由γ-Ni,fcc-AlN和fcc-CrN纳米晶组成;基体偏压由-100V增至-300 V,熔滴的尺寸和数量均减小,涂层中的晶粒尺寸由50 nm减小为30 nm。随着偏压的增大,涂层中N含量下降,Ni含量增加,Cr和Al的含量先增加后减少;涂层的沉积速率下降。随着氮气流量的增加,涂层中的N含量增加,Ni、Cr和Al含量下降;涂层的沉积速率先增加后减小。偏压为-300V、氮气流量为225 mL·min^-1时,涂层的硬度达最大值（9.80 GPa）,比NiCrAlYSi涂层的硬度提高约60%,而耐磨性提高约30%。     

电沉积法制备碳纳米管/黑镍复合涂层的光学与结构特性

利用复合电沉积的方法在钛合金基体上成功制备出具有优异光学性能的碳纳米管／黑镍复合涂层, 并研究了复合涂层的微观形貌、光学性能以及镀液中碳纳米管浓度和电镀电流密度对光学性能的影响。实验结果表明: 相较于传统电镀方法获得的单一黑镍涂层, 复合涂层的晶粒尺寸明显减小, 形成多孔结构, 表面粗糙程度明显增加。复合涂层对300~2300 nm范围内的入射光吸收率达到98%左右, 在2.5~20 μm范围内的红外吸收率达到94%, 远远高于传统单一黑镍涂层。复合涂层的太阳吸收比会随着镀液中碳纳米管浓度与电镀电流密度的增加呈先增大后减小的变化规律。     

Ni/ZrO2纳米复合刷镀层的抗高温氧化性

采用电刷镀技术制备了Ni/ZrO2纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等手段,研究了Ni/ZrO2纳米复合刷镀层的组织和抗高温氧化性能,并与快速镍镀层进行对比分析。结果表明,与快速镍镀层相比,Ni/ZrO2纳米复合镀层的表面形貌更为平整致密,晶粒尺寸明显减小;在800℃氧化后复合镀层晶粒依然较快速镍镀层细小、均匀,氧化增重速率明显低于快速镍镀层;X射线衍射分析表明,Ni/ZrO2复合镀层的氧化程度较轻,镀层中仍然存在大量的Ni相。     

电沉积法制备碳纳米管/黑镍复合涂层的光学与结构特性（英文）

利用复合电沉积的方法在钛合金基体上成功制备出具有优异光学性能的碳纳米管/黑镍复合涂层,并研究了复合涂层的微观形貌、光学性能以及镀液中碳纳米管浓度和电镀电流密度对光学性能的影响。实验结果表明:相较于传统电镀方法获得的单一黑镍涂层,复合涂层的晶粒尺寸明显减小,形成多孔结构,表面粗糙程度明显增加。复合涂层对300~2300 nm范围内的入射光吸收率达到98%左右,在2.5~20?m范围内的红外吸收率达到94%,远远高于传统单一黑镍涂层。复合涂层的太阳吸收比会随着镀液中碳纳米管浓度与电镀电流密度的增加呈先增大后减小的变化规律。     

镍、硫共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其可见光催化性能

为提高纳米TiO2的可见光催化活性,采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了一种新型Ni和S共掺杂TiO2纳米复合光催化剂.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis-)漫反射、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-荧光(EDX)等手段对其结晶形态、晶粒尺寸、元素掺杂量和吸光性能等进行了表征.结果显示,催化剂Ni/S/TiO2为锐钛矿晶相,平均粒径约为6～7nm,比表面积高达260.42m2/g,感光范围可拓展到可见光区,且与纯TiO2,S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2相比,光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的颗粒粒径更小,比表面积更大,光吸收边红移程度更显著.以活性艳蓝198染料溶液为模拟废水,以氙光灯为光源,对光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明,Ni/S/TiO2具有比纯TiO2、S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2更高的可见光催化活性,氙光灯照射120min,活性艳蓝198降解率可达到98.5%.     

Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体的制备

采用非均相沉淀工艺在Al2O3颗粒表面均匀地包裹上镍盐前驱体，经煅烧，还原后得到纳米晶Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体，相分析表明，非晶态的镍盐前驱体在550℃已转变为NiO，再经700℃氢气处理后，NiO还原为Ni，其晶粒尺寸约为20nm。结果分析表明，复合粉体在热处理过程中，包裹层由连续态变为非连续态。     

Ti对等离子堆焊Ni基Cr3C2涂层组织与性能的影响

为了改善镍基合金涂层的组织与耐磨性,利用等离子堆焊技术在Q235碳钢表面分别制备了镍基合金涂层Ni50、添加质量分数40%Cr_3C_2的Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层,以及复合添加质量分数40%Cr_3C_2和1%Ti的Ti/Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层,研究了添加Cr_3C_2及复合添加Cr_3C_2和Ti对Ni50合金涂层组织、硬度和耐摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:Ni50合金涂层主要由γ-Ni枝晶组织及其间的共晶组织组成,Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层主要由大量初生碳化物和细小枝晶组织组成,Ti/Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层中碳化物尺寸减小且分布更均匀,组织明显细化;与Ni50合金涂层相比,Cr_3C_2/Ni和Ti/Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层的硬度均显著提高了26%以上,相对耐磨性分别提高了1.4倍和2.1倍.     

尺寸效应对TiC/α-C∶H涂层织构行为的影响

利用磁控溅射法制备了TiC/α-C∶H纳米复合涂层尺寸效应,并对涂层择优取向的影响进行了研究。通过改变涂层中的C含量来调节晶粒尺寸,发现晶粒尺寸对晶粒的择优取向有着重要影响。随着晶粒尺寸减小,TiC的择优取向从面心立方(111)向(200)转变。这种择优取向的尺寸依赖效应可以用热力学来解释。通过计算与尺寸相关的吉布斯自由能解释了尺寸效应与涂层择优取向的关系。     

Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体的制备

采用非均相沉淀工艺在Al2O3颗粒表面均匀地包裹上镍盐前驱体,经煅烧、还原后得到纳米晶Ni包裹Al2O3复合粉体.相分析表明,非晶态的镍盐前驱体在550℃已转变为NiO,再经700℃氢气处理后,NiO还原为Ni,其晶粒尺寸约为20nm.结构分析表明,复合粉体在热处理过程中,包裹层由连续态变为非连续态.     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.