油气储运技术的创新研究

石油和天然气的储存和运输,即石油和天然气资源的储存和运输,是有效利用石油和天然气资源的重要先决条件。随着中国经济社会的快速发展和油气储运技术的更新和发展,油气储运业面临着重大机遇和挑战。针对油气储运技术发展现状,确定基于安全,环保,节能的油气储运技术要不断的创新,才能促进油气进一步发展。     

Association of body segments and body composition with blood pressure in young adults

Skeletal structure and body composition may be altered permanently in response to aggressions during critical periods of growth. This increases propensity to adverse effects in adulthood. The study explored the association of anthropometric variables of body size and proportions and of body composition with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) in young adults. We studied 166 men and 246 women age 20-34. SBP, DBP, weight, stature, sitting height, circumferences (waist, hip), breadths (biacromial, biiliac) and skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, suprailiac) were assessed. BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-stature ratio, and Sigma skinfolds-stature were calculated. Pearson correlations were determined for anthropometric variables with SBP and DBP and linear regression models for SBP and DBP were developed by sex. Correlation coefficients between indicators and BP were significant, except for stature and SBP and DPB, and WHR with DBP in women; and stature with DBP, biiliac breadth and WHR with SBP, and sitting height with SBP and DPB in men. SBP and DPB were explained by weight, BMI, and biiliac breadth in multivariable analysis in women, where 15.4% and 10.8% of variance of SBP and DPB was explained. In men, SBP was explained by weight, Sigma skinfolds and WHR, and DBP by Sigma skinfolds; models explained almost 20% of SBP and DPB variance. No association was found between BP and past malnutrition indicators. Biiliac breadth, weight and BMI in women, and weight, WHR and Sigma skinfolds in men explained BP. The use of biiliac breadth in the assessment of hypertension risk in women should be explored further.     

萜类化学品中试设备的中央数字化监控系统的研究与设计

在认真分析了萜类化学品中试工艺现状及特征的基础上,提出了该类工艺和设备进行中央监控系统集成及数字化技术改造的DCS技术应用及实施方案。研究开发了具有友好人机操作界面、可组态实时控制功能、集成工艺参数检测和控制手段、人性化报表输出和记录功能的中央数字化监控系统(CDMCS)。由设备、工艺和 CDMCS 集成的萜类化学品中试装置已得到实际应用,经过 90 多天成功试运行,表明该系统测控准确,运行稳定,操作便捷,工艺技术试验数据达到了设计要求。     

Effect of different sources of iron and sulphur on leaf chlorosis,nutrient uptake and yield of groundnut

The pot experiment conducted in calcareous soil of Saurashtra, India showed that application of lime (20% CaCO₃) and excess water (irrigation at –0.3 bar) to the soil enhanced chlorosis in groundnut leaves caused by induced deficiencies of iron, sulphur and zinc, which was recovered by applying agricultural grade chemicals containing iron, sulphur and zinc. This chlorosis caused 29.8 and 19.1% reduction in pod yield of groundnut due to lime and excess water, respectively in the untreated control pot and 17.1 and 9.6%, respectively in the pot treated with different chemicals.Application of iron sulphate, zinc sulphate, iron pyrite, gypsum, phospho-gypsum, elemental sulphur, wettable sulphur and Fe-EDTA decreased chlorosis and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of leaves, uptake of Fe, S and Zn and pod yield of groundnut significantly. The foliar spray of 0.5% aqueous solution of iron sulphate, zinc sulphate and Fe-EDTA at 20, 35, 50 and 65 days after emergence (DAE) was more effective than their soil applications. The Fe-EDTA corrected only iron chlorosis, and gypsum, phosphogypsum and elemental sulphur only sulphur chlorosis. However, iron sulphate and iron pyrite corrected iron and sulphur and zinc sulphate corrected zinc and sulphur chlorosis. Among the soil amendments, application of iron sulphate and iron pyrite showed better responses to groundnut and showed higher Fe and S uptake than other treatments. The responses of gypsum, phosphogypsum and elemental sulphur were at par. The correlation study showed that pod yield of groundnut was negatively correlated with chlorosis and positively correlated with the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in groundnut leaves.     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定磷矿石、湿法磷酸中微量砷、汞元素的应用研究

详述采用氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法（HG—AAS法）测定磷矿石、湿法磷酸中微量砷、汞的方法和应用研究。采用该法对几个磷矿石、湿法磷酸中砷、汞含量进行了测定和加标回收实验,砷、汞平均回收率分别为97．51％～97．81％和99．06％～102．85％,该法与其他经典方法测试结果对比无显著差异。HG—AAS法测定微量砷、汞,具有较高精密度、准确度,方法简便、可行,值得推广。     

全球头发定型剂和固定剂纵览

对过去4年的头发定型剂和固定剂的发展情况作了综述,讨论了各公司的定型剂和固定剂品牌的概况,市场对定型剂和固定剂产品的需求不断增长.进一步讨论了定型剂和固定剂配方中所使用的聚合物和流变改性剂的发展情况.不断研发出许多新的聚合物和流变改性剂,推动了定型剂和固定剂市场向前发展.     

Physicochemical Nature and Structural Dependence of the Unique Properties of Polyester Fibres

The structure and properties of PET and PET fibres are examined on three structural levels — molecular, supermolecular, and micromolecular. It was shown that the unique properties of the fibres are determined by the aliphatic-aromatic structure of PET and the chemically regular molecular structure. The structural dependence of the fundamental physicomechanical and physicochemical properties of PET and PET fibres was analyzed. It was shown that the high glass transition temperature of PET and PET fibres is determined more by molecular rigidity than by intermolecular interactions and varies little under the effect of moisture. This causes high stability of the structure in mechanical effects and exposure to heat and moisture, high reversibility of deformation, and insignificant creep under mechanical stresses. The structure and fundamental properties of PET and PET fibres are compared with the characteristics of other kinds of large-tonnage fibre-forming polymers and fibres and other aliphatic-aromatic polyesters and fibres. The advantages of using polyester fibres for fabrication of household and industrial articles are substantiated and summarized based on an examination of the properties of these fibres.     

碳中和目标下石油与化学工业绿色低碳发展路径分析

石油与化工行业是高耗能、高污染、高碳排的“三高”行业,在碳达峰、碳中和的目标下,促进石油与化学工业和生态环境的协调可持续发展成为亟需解决的热点问题。本文从国家层面和企业层面总结典型国家及其石油与化学工业面对“双碳”目标采取的措施行动,对乙烯、成品油等石油与化工产品不同生产路径的能耗及二氧化碳排放情况进行比较分析,概述中国的区域能源分布特点、各省份的石油与化学工业产值及二氧化碳排放情况,明确提出作为碳排放的大户,石油与化工行业有可能在“十四五”期间被纳入全国碳市场。文中指出石油与化工行业必须在借鉴发达国家先进碳减排经验的基础上,立足本国国情,综合考虑本国的能源分布情况和石油与化工产品生产的能耗及二氧化碳排放情况,建构清洁低碳、节能高效的工艺流程体系,促进石油与化学工业的高质量发展。石油与化学工业二氧化碳减排的核心是区域能源结构的调整和工艺流程的优化,并以此为前提建设绿色集成化工园区,辅之以可再生能源如风能、太阳能等的综合利用,研发碳捕集、利用与封存技术进行碳固定。还提出值得注意的是,由于其他温室气体如甲烷等的减排已经提上日程,我国也应加快相关技术储备。     

海水海砂混凝土力学性能与耐久性研究综述

远海工程建设面临钢筋混凝土易腐蚀、河砂和淡水匮乏等难题。国内外学者选择资源丰富的海水海砂代替淡水河砂制备混凝土,并研究其工作性能、力学性能及耐久性能。海水海砂中高含量的氯盐会加快水泥水化和凝结,导致早凝和早期强度提高,但后期增长变缓,最终强度与淡水河砂混凝土相近。海砂中少量的贝壳对混凝土工作性能和力学性能影响不大。海水海砂混凝土中的氯离子传输及结合方式更为复杂,其不同于内掺型氯离子,由此导致海水海砂混凝土中的钢筋锈蚀机理改变。辅助胶凝材料、复合型阻锈剂及纤维增强复合筋等为海水海砂混凝土结构应用提供了保障。     

特种工程塑料PES、PEEK的成型加工特性

叙述了特种工程塑料的界定，详细叙述了特种工程塑料PES、PEEK的物理性能和优异耐热性，介绍了PES、PEEK在我国的应用开发研究、应用领域和一些典型的制品。着重论述了特种工程塑料PES、PEEK的加工特性和制品成型方法，对加工设备和加工工艺做了详细的论述，为PES、PEEK的成型加工提供了理论基础和经验指导。     

油气储运存在问题及安全技术探讨

对目前油气储运技术中存在的安全问题进行深层次的探讨,根据引起这些问题的原因,提出相应的解决措施,为保障油气储运过程中的安全奠定基础。     

地方高校化学专业创新创业型人才培养模式的构建

湖南文理学院化学化工学院在原有培养模式基础上,将创新创业理论融入到专业基础教育中,探索并构建了化学专业创新创业型人才培养模式,通过实施“理论＋实践＋辅助活动”的创新创业教育模式以及“四层递进式”（基础课程与实验→专业课程与实验→综合课程与实验→创新创业集中实践）人才培养模式,学生创新意识与创业能力得到了很好的锻炼,使就业率稳定在98％以上。     

塑料挤出机螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的强化与应用

对塑料挤出机,注塑机螺杆,机筒的磨损,腐蚀原因及提高螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的方法、制造与应用作了较详尽的介绍。     

超精密表面研抛磨粒的研究进展

半导体材料的超精密加工是一种获得高表面质量和表面完整性的加工技术,研抛磨粒是实现半导体材料超精密加工的关键耗材之一。从研抛磨粒的组成方式和结构特点,概述了研抛磨粒的研究现状和发展趋势。首先,构建了研抛界面内半导体材料工件-研抛磨粒-研抛垫的接触模型,讨论了研抛磨粒的材质、形状、浓度、粒径等因素对半导体材料研抛质量和研抛效率的影响;其次,从材质和粒径等方面介绍了混合磨粒的研抛性能,以及相应的研抛机理;然后,从材料结构和化学作用等角度总结了复合磨粒在超精密加工技术中的应用;最后,展望了研抛磨粒未来的研究方向。     

石墨炔及其衍生物在钙钛矿太阳能电池的应用

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)因具有高效率、可溶液加工和低成本等优点受到了人们广泛的关注。然而，在PSCs的各个功能层及界面之间存在缺陷非辐射复合、界面接触不良和薄膜质量较差等问题，阻碍了PSCs光电转换效率和稳定性的提高。相较于石墨烯，含有sp杂化碳原子的石墨炔具有独特的三角微观结构、天然的带隙、超高的载流子迁移率以及优异的光电和机械性能，成为光电能源领域重要的候选材料。综述了石墨炔及其衍生物在PSCs的电子传输层、空穴传输层以及光吸收层中的应用，重点探讨了石墨炔及其衍生物在功能层及其界面中钝化缺陷、改善薄膜形貌和界面接触、提高载流子传输等方面的作用。最后，对石墨炔及其衍生物在PSCs领域中的发展提出了展望。     

Advanced ceramics and coatings for erosion-related applications in mineral and oil and gas production: A technical review

The applications of advanced ceramics, composites and coatings in mineral, mining, fuel production, and processing are reviewed. The materials include oxide and non-oxide ceramics (specifically SiC-based), ceramic–ceramic, and ceramic–metal composites, coatings on metallic components where functional application properties can be achieved. Some principles of materials selection, specifically for erosion wear and corrosion applications, and manufacturing are considered. The examples of the successful development and processing of ceramics, coatings, and composites with manageable structures and phase compositions, in the erosion-related applications, particularly conducted by the author, are discussed and reviewed. Specifically, industrially employed types of ceramics and processing routes were focused on the considered applications. Particular demands for advanced materials with high reliability and complex shapes or for protective coatings on complex shape steel components and long tubing with inner surface protection require novel and optimized processing. The factors affecting erosion and erosion–corrosion resistance and the paths for the erosion resistance enhancement of ceramic and coating materials are considered. Ceramic components design, technology, and installation features are reviewed.     

含吡啶环双元噁二唑衍生物的合成及其光谱性质和电化学性质

合成了6个含吡啶环的双元噁二唑化合物,产率51%~78%。用1HNMR、FTIR、MS对其结构进行了表征。考察了它们的UV-Vis吸收光谱、荧光光谱,并用循环伏安法测定了其电化学性能。吸收光谱表明:a~c能有效地形成共轭,λmax分别为278、309、282 nm,d~f的共轭效应差,吸收光谱基本相同,λmax分别为273、272 nm和270 nm。荧光光谱表明:目标化合物的DMF溶液发射强的紫色荧光,a和b最大发射波长为398 nm和396 nm,c蓝移到364 nm;d~f出现双发射峰,d和e最大发射峰都在334 nm和345 nm,f红移到342 nm和356 nm,而固体发射强的紫蓝色荧光,在376~414 nm出现最大发射峰;电子亲和势为2.57~3.11 eV,离子势为5.97~6.70eV,说明目标化合物的电子传输性能良好(PBD:EA=2.82 eV)。     

过滤分离技术在能源、水及环境领域的应用及发展

19世纪末到20世纪的工业革命期间,随着电力、石油、汽车等工业的发展,人类对能源的使用和消耗以指数速度迅速增长。能源开采、生产及使用等行为导致全球气候变暖、资源匮乏,人类的健康和生存受到威胁。保护环境、节省资源、开发新能源便成为现代工业发展以及人类生产生活的核心,而提高效率、减少污染,再生、再利用及持续性发展则成为发展的主要驱动力。过滤分离作为一种低能耗技术过程,近年来其应用领域在能源、资源及环境方面得到深广的发展,而其自身产品技术则同时得到日新月异的发展。其发展趋势体现在高能效、低能耗、自动、连续、更高的分离精度,更广的温度压力适用范围,更长的使用寿命以及更低的对环境的影响。本文围绕环境、资源、能源等方面现在及未来的应用需求,重点介绍欧美近年来过滤分离在如页岩天然气开采中的采出水处理,生物柴油、生物甲烷等可再生能源,水处理,工业废气、汽车尾气及室内空气过滤等方面的新技术新产品,以及传统过滤分离技术的新应用,并对过程计算模拟的发展应用及过滤分离基础理论研究状况做了简略介绍。     

关于煤制烯烃项目设计与技术管理的探讨

对煤制烯烃项目的工程范围与主项划分进行了说明。对项目可研、总体设计、基础工程设计及详细工程设计阶段设计与技术管理工作的重点和难点进行了分析和探讨，并对于项目设计和技术管理中出现的常见问题进行了分析，提出建设方应重视和加强项目设计和技术管理工作并与总体院和装置院密切合作是项目成功的关键。     

中、低品位磷矿烧结料制磷的优越性

阐述了中、低品位磷矿资源的物化特性、化学组分,并对黄磷生产中采用的高灼失、机械强度差的风化矿进行烧结处理的优越性和经济技术指标进行对比分析。结果表明:烧结处理可以充分利用廉价的中、低品位风化矿、粉矿和磷炉尾气,对企业技术升级换代、降低成本、可持续发展及磷矿资源的长期稳定供给有着积极的推动作用。