NH_4I界面修饰SnO_2的平面钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能研究

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)受到研究者的广大关注,其光电转换效率(PCE)在短短十年间已经从原先的3.8%提升至25.5%。高效率的PSCs往往需要昂贵的空穴传输层以及金电极,并且其存在着较多的界面缺陷问题,所以无空穴传输层的碳对电极的PSCs受到了广泛的关注。其中电子传输层的自身的界面缺陷影响了器件的稳定性以及光电性能。本工作将采用碘化铵界面修饰的方法减少氧化锡电子传输层的界面氧空位缺陷。结果表明碘化铵的界面修饰对钙钛矿薄膜形貌生长有益。碘化铵界面修饰时,平面碳对电极钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率从12.450%提升到了13.772%。     

近红外敏感的功能分离型有机光接受体系的光导性能研究Ⅱ．CGL／CTL界面能级匹配对体系光导性能的影响

功能分离型光接受体系是由载流子产生层（ＣＧＬ），载流子传输层（ＣＴＬ）和载流子阻挡层（ＵＣｔ）组Ａ成的一种多层光接受体系．本文合成了一系列载流子传输层材料，如吡唑啉、唑和腙的衍生物，并将上述ＣＴＬ材料与酞菁类ＣＧＬ材料，按一定涂布工艺制成近红外敏感（７８０～８３０ｎｍ）的多层光接受体系．通过对样品电照相性能的表征，着重讨论了ＣＧＬｌＣＴＬ界面能级匹配问题及其对体系光导性能的影响。     

聚合物PTAA分子量对刮涂钙钛矿性能的影响与研究

高分子聚合物聚[双(4-苯基)(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺](PTAA)与钙钛矿材料存在匹配的能级,广泛用作倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池(p-i-n PSCs)的空穴传输材料。然而不同分子量的空穴传输材料会导致不同的载流子迁移率和器件性能。因此,本文选取三种不同分子量的PTAA制备空穴传输层。接触角结果显示,中间分子量的PTAA(M-PTAA)层具有优异的疏水性。在此基础上刮涂得到的准二维钙钛矿薄膜(M-PP)表现出最优的表面形貌和最高的结晶度。TRPL测试进一步证实M-PP薄膜中的空穴能更好的被PTAA传输层转移,由此制备的p-i-n PSCs实现了高达15.79%的能量转换效率(PCE)。     

近红外敏感的功能分离型有机光接受体系的光导性能研究

功能分离型光接受体系是由载流子产生层（ＣＧＬ），载流子传输层（ＣＴＬ）和载流子阻挡层（ＵＣＬ）组成的一种多层光接受体系，本文合成了一系列载流子传输层材料，如吡唑啉、恶唑和腙的衍生物，并将上述ＣＴＬ材料与酞菁类ＣＧＬ材料，按一定涂工艺制成近红外敏感（７９０－８３０ｎｍ）的多层光接受体系，通过对样品电照相性能的表征，着重讨论了ＣＧＬ／ＣＴＬ界面能级匹配问题及其对体系光导性能的影响。     

改性SnO2碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能研究

氧化锡(SnO₂)电子传输层因优异的性能而广泛使用于钙钛矿太阳能电池，但SnO₂极易在表面形成氧空位以及氧化锡和钙钛矿之间界面缺陷问题会导致电荷传输受阻。本文通过在氧化锡电子传输层中掺入含有有机双官能团的脯氨酸来减少氧空位并调节电子传输层和钙钛矿之间的电子传输能力。SEM、XRD、J-V等测试证明脯氨酸的掺入改善了钙钛矿薄膜的形貌并增强了电子传输层的电荷传输性能，器件的光电转换效率(PCE)从11.15%提升到至14.49%。     

苯并咪唑衍生物的合成及在OLED中的应用

近年来,有机电致发光二极管在固态照明以及平板显示中的应用愈发广泛,逐渐受到了人们的广泛关注。与传统显示技术而相比,OLED本身具有低功耗、广视角、可柔性显示等优势,进而被广泛应用到笔记本电脑、智能手机等领域。OLED身为一种有机薄膜器件,在应用过程中材料中的载流子传输层对于整个器件性能有着十分重要的作用。通过论述苯并咪唑衍生物的相关概述,探究了该物质在生物电子传输材料合成中的应用。     

F3EACl修饰层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能提升的研究

一般来说,钙钛矿表面的陷阱和晶界(GBs)对钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)的性能和长期稳定性非常不利。本研究用一种含有F原子的三氟乙胺盐酸盐(F₃EACl)作为改性层,沉积在钙钛矿(PVSK)层和空穴传输层(HTL)之间,以钝化钙钛矿表面上的陷阱和GBs。通过对F₃EACl修饰后钙钛矿薄膜结晶性、钙钛矿薄膜形貌、钙钛矿薄膜光物理性质以及电池光伏性能的研究发现,F₃EACl与钙钛矿形成的N—H···F氢键作用以及F₃EA⁺和钙钛矿中的I-之间的相互作用能够钝化钙钛矿表面的缺陷,从而提高器件的性能和稳定性。此外,F₃EACl改性层还可以调节钙钛矿层与HTL之间的能级分布,进而提高空穴的提取效率。结果显示,F₃EACl修饰后的PSCs的能量转换效率(PCE)从19.15%提高到22.45%。这表明F₃EACl是一种用来钝化钙钛矿陷阱比较好的材料,可提升PSCs的性能和稳定性。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池因具有优异的光电性能及易加工性等优点,使之成为近年来研究的热点,用其作为光吸收层组装的太阳能电池效率已经达到21.1%。文章将从钙钛矿主要功能层,即吸收层、电子传输层、空穴传输层等制备及其对电池转换效率的影响等方面阐述钙钛矿太阳电池的研究进展,分析了目前研究的热点领域和成果,讨论了钙钛矿电池目前仍然存在的关键技术障碍,最后展望了钙钛矿太阳电池未来重点研究方向和发展趋势。     

石墨炔在光催化中的应用

石墨炔是一种新型碳的同素异形体，其独特的结构使得该物质具有理想的高强度、导电性、导热性、透光性和高载流子迁移率、热导率等。石墨炔具有天然的带隙，属于本征半导体，具有特别的电荷输运性能。石墨炔与无带隙的石墨烯相比，在0.45～1.30 eV范围内显示出带隙，这使其在电子、催化、光学和机械方面具有强大的应用潜能，为碳材料的基础和应用研究提供新的空间、带来了新的内涵，引起了广泛的关注。此外，石墨炔在Fermi能级上下附近具有2个不同的Dirac锥，这表示石墨炔为自掺杂(self-doped)半导体，原本就具有电荷载流子，不需要像石墨烯一样要通过额外掺杂实现。石墨炔是十分契合的潜在的且卓越的光催化材料，理论上只需修饰构建活性位点即可高效光诱导反应。     

富勒烯材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池自2009年出现以来，经过短短十余年的发展，光电转化效率已提升到24%以上，引起了广泛的关注。富勒烯材料具有较高电子迁移率、可调控的能级以及可低温成膜等特性，在钙钛矿太阳能电池中可以用于电子传输层、钙钛矿层添加剂、界面修饰层，甚至还能够在空穴传输层中发挥作用。这些应用不仅提高了电池的光电转化效率和稳定性，还能有效降低电池的磁滞效应。本综述就富勒烯材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池各组成部分的应用进行了详细的介绍，并总结了通过修饰富勒烯分子结构提高电池性能的基本规律，这些结果对推动富勒烯材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池领域的应用有重要意义。     

Sulfides as a new class of stable cost-effective materials compared to organic/inorganic hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received a remarkable attention compared to the other types of solar cells due to their high carrier mobility, low recombination rate, and rapid increase in terms of efficiency in short time. However, two essential parameters being stability and cost are still challenging with these kinds of solar cells. Hole transport materials (HTMs) play an important role in PSCs as they can be effective in the charge transportation, determining the device stability and having a large share of cell costs, and overall resulting in the enhancement of open-circuit voltage (V_oc), short-circuit current (J_sc), and fill factor (FF). In addition to the organic HTMs which are widely used in PSCs, various inorganic HTMs mainly divided into the oxide and sulfide subgroups, have been developed in order to improve both stability and cost of PSCs. Herein, we provide an overview of the diverse types of HTMs, from organic to inorganic, especially oxide and sulfide inorganic HTMs and investigate the physical properties, synthesis, and their applications in various PSCs for both mesoporous and planar structure in the hope of encouraging further research and the optimization of these materials.     

Influence of polarization on the electromechanical properties of GaN piezoelectric semiconductive ceramics

By using three-point bending tests and numerical simulation, influence of polarization on the electromechanical properties of GaN piezoelectric semiconductive ceramics (PSCs) were investigated in this paper. The results show that the piezoelectricity of GaN PSCs can be attained through a special polarization treatment. For polarized samples under loading, because piezoelectric polarization charges and the electric field are concentrated at high-strain positions, their bending strength increases by 7%. Polarization results in a nearly 55% improvement of the electrical current transport capacity. Due to piezoelectricity, the electric displacement of polarized samples is also largely changed. It is shown that there is a strong correlation between polarization and electromechanical properties of PSCs. These findings highlight the influence of polarization on the electromechanical performance of PSCs, and also imply some potentials for their applications.     

Spray-coated SnO2 electron transport layer with high uniformity for planar perovskite solar cells

SnO₂ has been proven to be an effective electron transport layer(ETL)material for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)owing to its excellent electrical and optical properties.Here,we introduce a viable spray coating method for the preparation of SnO2 films.Then,we employ a SnO₂ film prepared using the spray coating method as an ETL for PSCs.The PSC based on the spray-coated SnO₂ ETL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.78%,which is comparable to that of PSCs based on conventional spin-coated SnO₂ films.The large-area SnO₂ films prepared by spray coating exhibit good repeatability for device performance.This study shows that SnO₂ films prepared by spray coating can be applied as ETLs for stable and high-efficiency PSCs.Because the proposed method involves low material consumption,it enables the low-cost and large-scale production of PSCs.     

Functionalized polythiophene for corrosion inhibition and photovoltaic application

Conjugated polymers are encouraging substitute for creating clean and renewable energy for photoinduced charge generation and transport media in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Successful synthesis of a new solution processable n-type polythiophene based π-conjugated polymer (P3HT-CN) is done where polythiophene units are substituted by cyano groups through post functionalization approach of synthesized P3HT which is cheap, stable, easily prepared, and inert against ambient conditions and is expected to be a competitive candidate for the acceptor material in non fullerene acceptors (NFAs) PSCs against fullerene derivative and used as the highly efficient active layer in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) which increase the donor-acceptor interfacial area through controlling the phase separation indicating device structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:P3HT-CN/Al. Photovoltaic measurement of this PSCs device based on P3HT:P3HT-CN demonstrate the PCE of 0.008% with an increased short circuit current density (J_sc) of 0.11 mA cm⁻². The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties are examined in detail showing high thermal stability, absorbance in the visible part of the solar spectrum, higher charge carrier mobility, and also mixed type corrosion inhibitive behavior with 90 and 78% inhibitor efficiency for P3HT and P3HT-CN, respectively, built this class of material as smart which can be used for many other applications.     

有机光导体空穴传输材料的性能表征

用多种空穴传输材料制备了光导器件,测定了他们的光电特性。从界面传输势垒角度分析了传输材料的氧化还原电位对光导体量子效率的影响,并通过实验进行了验证。用分子力学方法计算了一些空穴传输材料的偶极矩,对同一系列的传输材料,理论计算的偶极矩与氧化还原电位相关。     

Structural and electronic properties of bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne

Stimulated by the recent experimental synthesis of a new layered carbon allotrope-graphdiyne film, we provide the first systematic ab initio investigation of the structural and electronic properties of bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne and explore the possibility of tuning the energy gap via a homogeneous perpendicular electric field. Our results show that the most stable bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne both have their hexagonal carbon rings stacked in a Bernal way (AB and ABA style configuration, respectively). Bilayer graphdiyne with the most and the second most stable stacking arrangements have direct bandgaps of 0.35 eV and 0.14 eV, respectively; trilayer graphdiyne with stable stacking styles have bandgaps of 0.18-0.33 eV. The bandgaps of the semiconducting bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne generally decrease with increasing external vertical electric field, irrespective of the stacking style. Therefore, the possibility of tuning the electronic structure and optical absorption of bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne with an external electric field is suggested.     

The optimum titanium precursor of fabricating TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> compact layer for perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attentions due to its high performance and rapid efficiency promotion. Compact layer plays a crucial role in transferring electrons and blocking charge recombination between the perovskite layer and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) in PSCs. In this study, compact TiO₂ layers were synthesized by spin-coating method with three different titanium precursors, titanium diisopropoxide bis (acetylacetonate) (c-TTDB), titanium isopropoxide (c-TTIP), and tetrabutyl titanate (c-TBOT), respectively. Compared with the PSCs based on the widely used c-TTDB and c-TTIP, the device based on c-TBOT has significantly enhanced performance, including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and hysteresis. The significant enhancement is ascribed to its excellent morphology, high conductivity and optical properties, fast charge transfer, and large recombination resistance. Thus, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.03% has been achieved for the solar cells based on c-TBOT.     

Polythiophene derivatives functionalized with maleimide moiety as pendant for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells

A series of polythiophene derivatives comprising maleimide moieties as repeating units in backbones (MPTM10) or as pendants (SPTM41 and SPTM21) were synthesized for use as photoenergy conversion materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The PSCs were fabricated from the blends of these maleimide-incorporated polythiophene derivatives and [6, 6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). A red shift of the maximum absorption wavelength was observed for the triphenylamine-maleimide functionalized side-chain type polythiophene derivatives SPTM41 and SPTM21 as compared with the maleimide-incorporated main-chain type MPTM10. Moreover, full-widths at half-maximum of UV?Cvis absorption bands of SPTM41 and SPTM21 were much larger than that of MPTM10. Therefore, the photovoltaic performances of PSCs based on the SPTM21/PCBM and SPTM41/PCBM blends were superior to those based on the MPTM10/PCBM blends. Among various fabricated materials, the greatest short-circuit current density (3.84 mAcm^?2) and photoenergy conversion efficiency (0.37?%) were obtained for the SPTM21/PCBM blend-based PSC.     

Motuporamine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Enhancers against Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacteria

Dihydromotuporamine C and its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities and antibiotic enhancement properties against Gram‐negative bacteria and clinical isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives, MOTU‐N44, was investigated against Enterobacter aerogenes by using fluorescent dyes to evaluate outer‐membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Its efficiency correlated with inhibition of dye transport, thus suggesting that these molecules inhibit drug transporters by de‐energization of the efflux pump rather than by direct interaction of the molecule with the pump. This suggests that depowering the efflux pump provides another strategy to address antibiotic resistance.     

Intestinal Lymphatic Transport: an Overlooked Pathway for Understanding Absorption of Plant Secondary Compounds in Vertebrate Herbivores

Herbivores employ numerous strategies to reduce their exposure to toxic plant secondary chemicals (PSCs). However, the physiological mechanisms of PSC absorption have not been extensively explored. In particular, the absorption of PSCs via intestinal lymphatic absorption has been largely overlooked in herbivores, even though this pathway is well recognized for pharmaceutical uptake. Here, we investigated for the first time whether PSCs might be absorbed by lymphatic transport. We fed woodrats (Neotoma albigula) diets with increasing concentrations of terpene-rich juniper (Juniperus monosperma) either with or without a compound that blocks intestinal lymphatic absorption (Pluronic L-81). Woodrats consuming diets that contained the intestinal lymphatic absorption blocker exhibited increased food intakes and maintained higher body masses on juniper diets. Our study represents the first demonstration that PSCs may be absorbed by intestinal lymphatic absorption. This absorption pathway has numerous implications for the metabolism and distribution of PSCs in the systemic circulation, given that compounds absorbed via lymphatic transport bypass first-pass hepatic metabolism. The area of lymphatic transport of PSCs represents an understudied physiological pathway in plant-herbivore interactions.