裂纹转子弯扭耦合振动瞬态分析

针对两端刚性支承的Jeffcott转子，导出了固定坐标系中裂纹轴的剐度矩阵，建立了裂纹转子的弯扭耦合振动非线性微分方程。通过数值仿真手段，着重分析了转子升速过程中弯振和扭振的瀑布图、Bode图以及加速度的影响。研究表明，升速过程中，弯振和扭振都出现了1／2阶和1／3阶亚谐共振现象，它们的1X，2X和3X分量共振峰对应转速下的相位角有180。的突变，且在除各分量峰值转速外的其他转速处（如ω0，1／2ω0和1／3ω0）相位角也有一定的波动。弯振响应分别在1／3ω0，1／2ω0，ω0，3／2ω0，2ω0和左右弯扭耦合区处出现共振峰值，而扭振响应则在ωt0和左右弯扭耦合区处出现峰值。有无裂纹情况下的弯振和扭振受加速度的影响大致相同，但在相同加速度下，裂纹转子较无裂纹转子的临界峰值更大，对应的临界转速则更小。     

转子弯扭耦合振动非线性动力学特性研究

对Jeffcott转子的非线性弯扭耦合振动微分方程进行了理论分析，得出了在弯扭组合共振区内弯曲振动和扭转振动的频率特征，利用数值方法对转子系统在较宽的参数域内进行分岔研究，得出了弯扭组合共振为概周期运动的结论，求出了弯扭组合共振区与不平衡量之间的关系，分析结果为转子的安全运行和弯扭组合共振故障的判别提供了理论依据。     

一种新的转子碰摩故障诊断特征的研究

建立Jeffcott碰摩转子的弯扭耦合振动非线性微分方程，通过数值仿真手段，着重分析转子碰摩故障的扭振时频域特点及其非线性振动特性，并描述动静间隙对碰摩转子扭振非线性特性的影响。研究表明，转子碰摩激起丰富的扭振频谱信息，主要包括N/2X、N/3X等分频成分以及1X、2X等倍频成分，且分频幅值往往比倍频大许多。在一定转速范围内，周期运动与复杂的非线性运动交替出现。而动静间隙对转子扭振特性影响明显，动静间隙越小，转子动静碰摩越严重，频谱成分越丰富，运动形式更趋复杂，相应的各复杂运动区的范围也越宽。文中揭示的扭振特征为转子碰摩的状态识别与诊断提供了一种新方法。     

碰摩转子弯扭耦合振动特性分析

在给出单盘转子弯扭耦合振动的一般理论模型后 ,对碰摩转子的弯扭耦合振动动力特性进行了理论分析。在给出几个基本概念和碰摩转子弯扭耦合振动的激振力形式、刚度与阻尼的变化后 ,建立了碰摩转子的非线性弯扭耦合振动微分方程。然后对弯扭耦合振动转子的碰摩特性进行了数值分析 ,得出了若干结论 ,找出了扭转对弯曲的影响特征。     

多转子系统弯、扭耦合作用时临界转速的研究

导出了轴的弯、扭耦合传递矩阵和轴间的弯、扭耦合矩阵。在文［１］的基础上编制了多转子弯、扭耦合临界转速的通用程序。采用等效刚度、等效阻尼方法编制了多转子弯、扭耦合稳态不平衡响应的通用程序；研究了扭振、畸形结构、油膜刚度、油膜阻尼等因素对临界转速的影响；并对某型发动机转子进行了计算和分析     

涡轮增压器转子系统三维动力学特性分析

针对涡轮增压器转子系统,考虑陀螺力矩、转子叶轮刚度和转轴抗扭刚度的影响,建立三维分析模型,利用有限元法进行转子系统动力特性分析.开展转子系统临界转速的分析,通过传递矩阵法模型和有限元梁单元模型校验三维模型的有效性,结果表明集总质量法在简化带有较厚轮盘的转子结构时,会减小转子结构的抗弯刚度.开展转子系统不平衡质量动力响应分析,结果显示,转子系统存在着弯扭组合振动,且弯扭组合振动表现为一种非同步的半频激振现象;随着转速的升高,转子系统的弯扭组合振动现象越趋明显;在弯扭组合振动频率附近,转子振动形式为弯扭组合振动;而在其他涡动频率下,转子振动形式为弯曲振动.     

高功率密度柴油机曲轴三维耦合振动特性研究

针对柴油机强化过程中曲轴三维振动的耦合现象难以准确预测的问题,根据曲轴动力学和简谐分析理论,建立12V150柴油机曲轴振动模型,分析三维耦合现象与机理,并探究安装扭转减振器对三维耦合振动的影响。结果表明:在较强谐次3、4.5次时扭振幅值较大,弯曲振动在较宽频率范围内出现峰值,多个谐次的扭振和弯振会引起同频或倍频轴振;相邻轴颈间的三维振动存在耦合关系;安装扭转减振器对扭转振动控制作用明显,多个主要谐次的弯曲、轴向振动幅值降低,低转速时竖直弯振和轴振反而增大。主要工作转速范围和三维振动耦合作用在柴油机强化设计阶段时应重点考虑。     

基于欧拉梁单元模型的裂纹转子变刚度特性分析

裂纹转子旋转过程中,由于裂纹的非线性开/合行为导致转子刚度的变化,进而导致转子复杂的非线性振动。文章研究存在横向表面裂纹转子的纵-弯-扭耦合振动建模,并对裂纹引发的转子变刚度特性进行综合分析。转子建模采用欧拉梁单元模型,并考虑了轴向力、截面剪力、弯矩以及扭矩作用下转子运动的六个方向的自由度。裂纹单元的刚度矩阵采用柔度系数法导出,而柔度系数则由应变能理论求得。在此基础上,对一些影响裂纹转子刚度变化的主要因素如裂纹深度,梁单元长度等进行了数值分析。所得研究结果,有助于理解和揭示具有横向表面裂纹转子的非线性振动响应特性。     

多源激励下CSP轧机主传动扭振问题研究

为研究薄板坯连铸连轧CSP轧机在轧制高强薄带钢时出现强烈振动这一普遍难题,利用轧机在线监测系统获取振动信号,分析得出CSP轧机存在电气驱动、机械传动及辊系压下耦合振动且振动信号表现出非线性谐波特征。以F3轧机主传动扭振问题为研究对象,通过建立传动等效非线性2自由度系统模型,将电气驱动谐波和轧制力谐波作为外扰激励施加到模型求解,结果显示轧机主传动在多源激励下存在超谐、亚谐及组合共振等多态特征。以w_1-w_2≈w-n型组合共振为例求解获得振动响应幅值随阻尼一次、三次项减小和刚度三次项、初始加载及谐波激励增大而增大的结论。由此制定利用抑制电气驱动电流谐波和轧制力谐波来抑制轧机传动扭振方案,试验结果表明振动幅值降低75%,取得显著效果。本文研究内容对深入认识传动非线性动力学特性与轧机系统耦合振动机理以及振动抑制提供参考。     

不同自由度耦合斜齿轮转子系统的振动特性

以一个两对斜齿轮耦合的三平行轴转子系统为研究对象,考虑静态传递误差和齿轮几何偏心等因素的影响,建立了全自由度通用齿轮啮合动力学模型。将其与转子系统有限元模型进行耦合,建立了平行轴系齿轮转子系统有限元模型。转子系统采用梁单元模拟,齿轮之间的啮合通过啮合刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵模拟,并分析了不同自由度耦合下系统的固有特性和振动响应特性。研究结果表明,考虑弯扭耦合和弯扭轴摆耦合会产生较多的弯扭耦合频率,响应计算结果出现的峰值点均对应系统的固有频率,而考虑弯扭轴摆耦合可以更好地表征系统的不同自由度的耦合振动情况。此研究结果可为齿轮耦合转子系统设计提供参考。     

齿式联接不对中转子的弯扭耦合振动特性分析

以齿式联轴器的不对中故障为研究对象,推导不对中激励力表达式,并从动力学的角度,建立不对中弯扭耦合振动微分方程。基于该微分方程,文中先从理论分析角度,定性分析弯振对扭振的影响和扭振对弯振的影响,接着从变转速过程、质量偏心、不对中量以及阻尼系数对弯扭耦合特性影响几方面进行数值仿真分析。计算表明,弯振与扭振是相互耦合的,质量偏心是耦合的前提。弯振频率包含工频和二倍频成分等,不对中越严重,二倍频所占比例越大,其轴心轨迹为双环椭圆。弯扭耦合将激发各阶谐波扭振,包括工频、二倍频和三倍频,其中工频扭振占主导地位。     

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.     

次同步谐振下机组轴系弯扭振动信号分析

分析了次同步谐振下机电扭振互作用的原因.针对现场难以实现的困难,提出并设计了汽轮发电机组模拟系统的次同步谐振试验,并将HHT应用到次同步谐振下的机组弯扭振动的信号分析.Hilbert谱图定量刻画了次同步谐振下轴系弯扭振动的快速发展过程,直观准确地表现了弯扭信号的本质特征.分析表明,次同步谐振下轴系的弯振和扭振是相互影响、相互作用的,发现扭振有抑制轴系复杂频率振动的能力.当次同步谐振的扭振发生时,扭振含有的丰富频率成分发生了变化,并且弯振的二倍频消失.     

The dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on the shaft

For a Jeffcott rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft, the motion equations are established with four directions, i.e. two transversal directions, one torsional direction and one longitudinal direction. It can be seen from the deducing process of the stiffness with the strain energy release approach that there are coupling stiffnesses of bending–torsion, bending–tension and torsion–tension for the slant-cracked shaft and only bending–tension for the transverse-cracked one. The paper shows that besides the coupling stiffnesses, there is bending–torsion coupling caused by the eccentricity. All these couplings affect the responses of the slant-cracked shaft and the transverse-cracked one. Comparing responses of a cracked shaft with an open crack model and those with a breathing crack model finds that there are the same prominent characteristic frequencies for these two kinds of shafts, even though the cracked shaft with a breathing crack model behaves much more non-linear than that with an open crack model. Therefore, almost all studies in this paper adopt the open crack model since it needs taking much longer time to compute responses of a breathing cracked shaft than that of an open cracked shaft. Analyses of steady responses indicate that the combined frequencies of the rotating speed and the torsional excitation in the transversal response and the frequency of the torsional excitation in the longitudinal response can be used to detect the slant crack on the shaft of the rotor system.     

Optimum design of mounting components of a mass property measurement system

Measurement of inertia properties of aerospace vehicle and submarine are vital to meet the intended motion objectives. The Moment of Inertia (MOI) is calculated by measuring the frequency of free torsional oscillation of the object mounted on a nearly friction less air bearing. For getting accurate measurement and to nullify the effect of undesired vibrations, the stiffness of the different components of the mounting and fixture (torsion rod, flexure) should be maintained appropriately. The optimum design of torsion rod and flexure is based on ensuring desired natural frequencies in different modes. Initiating with an analytical approach, the actual dimensions of the components are determined based on natural frequencies obtained by finite element analysis of the components. Simulated results are verified with experimental results.     

转子扭振特性测试系统试验台设计

将目前国际上流行的虚拟仪器技术应用于扭振测试领域,开发出了一套基于虚拟仪器的扭振测试系统,并且设计制造了转子扭振特性测试试验台.试验台上同时具有转动轴和摆动轴,用以对这两种轴的扭振问题进行研究.试验台上安装有光电传感器、霍尔传感器,以及光电编码器,可实现多种方式对扭振信号进行测试.     

基于形状约束的双质量飞轮设计理论研究

针对汽车双质量飞轮在低转矩小扭转角应具有柔性和高扭矩大扭转角应具有高反抗转矩的要求,结合产品研发的工程设计,对周向短弹簧双质量飞轮实现连续变刚度的设计目标进行研究与实践,创造性地提出通过改变初级飞轮内侧接触型线以构成形状约束,对构成形状约束曲线进行分析、比较,提出曲线的选择原则。构建基于形状约束的双质量飞轮转矩特性的分析模型,用仿真计算结果与试验进行对比。分析扭转刚度k1及k2对传动系一、二阶共振转速的影响,获得了k2对一阶共振转速影响不敏感、对二阶共振转速的影响明显的结论。在小扭转角条件下减小k1可使一阶共振转速远离怠速转速,对共振完全被隔离是有利的。对基于形状约束双质量飞轮所具有的扭转刚度及共振转速的力学特性进行实例分析,表明连续变刚度非线性扭矩特性具有优势,并能以简单的结构形式,实现兼顾转矩、刚度及隔振的设计期望。     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

轻型客车车身刚度灵敏度分析及优化

建立某国产轻型客车车身刚度有限元分析模型，确定有限元模型的边界条件及分析载荷，并对有限元模型进行试验验证。利用ANSYS软件就该车的车身骨架及车架各部件对车身弯曲刚度和扭转刚度的灵敏度进行分析，根据灵敏度分析结果选择设计变量，以车身的总质量和车身构件的最大应力为状态为量，以车身弯曲刚度和车身扭转刚度为目标函数，对该车的车身刚度和车身扭转刚度进行优化。