基于分形维数的立式连续铸造Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金铸锭偏析特征

本文采用立式连续铸造制备直径160 mm的Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金铸锭,并基于分形维数对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金中组织非均匀性进行了探究.结果表明:Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金的微观组织由树枝晶组织和偏析组织构成,树枝晶组织分形维数可以作为衡量微观组织非均匀性的重要指标.浇铸温度为1280℃时,随着树枝晶组织分形维数...     

Fe78B13Si9纳米晶合金的热性能研究

采用适当的热处理工艺将相同成分的Fe_(78)B_(13)Si_9非晶态合金条带晶化制备成纳米晶合金;测定并研究了纳米晶合金的微观结构(晶体结构及尺寸)和一些结构敏感性能(热膨胀、比热),同时,将其与同样成分的非晶态、大晶粒状态合金的性能进行比较分析,认为由于纳米晶合金特殊的微观结构(短程无序),使其在性能上表现出与通常材料有很大差异。     

Hf、CNTs混合掺杂对纳米晶Sm5Co19合金结构和磁性能的影响

对制备出纳米晶组织的Sm_5Co_(19)Hf_(0.4)合金和Sm_5Co_(19)Hf_(0.4)CNTs_(0.4)合金的显微组织、晶体结构和磁性能等进行了系统表征分析。结果表明:Hf元素和碳纳米管(CNTs)的混合添加不引起Sm_5Co_(19)合金Ce_5Co_(19)型结构发生相分解,且使纳米晶组织中的晶粒变得细小,晶粒尺寸均匀分布。能谱分析表明,添加的CNTs进入纳米晶Sm_5Co_(19)Hf_(0.4)CNTs_(0.4)合金的晶界区域,产生晶界钉扎作用,显著提高纳米晶Sm_5Co_(19)合金的矫顽力。晶体结构精修表明,Hf元素进入纳米晶Sm_5Co_(19)合金晶胞结构的Sm空位,导致晶格参数a、b、c均减小,而轴比c/a增加,使Hf掺杂的纳米晶合金的磁晶各向异性增大,具有提高纳米晶合金的矫顽力的作用。本研究结果对设计制备具有高磁晶各向异性、高内禀矫顽力的Sm-Co基合金具有明确指导意义。     

非晶合金的晶化动力学与初生相的内在联系

通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了Zr60Al15Ni25非晶合金的晶化动力学。X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱(EDS)分析结果表明:Zr60Al15Ni25非晶合金晶化过程中的初生相为复杂三元化合物Al2NiZr6和AlNi4Zr5。非晶合金的有效晶化激活能反映了晶化初生相与非晶相间的结构差异,二者结构差异越大,有效晶化激活能就越高,Zr60Al15Ni25非晶合金的有效晶化激活能高达345 kJ/mol;当合金高温熔体快冷过程中的初生相与非晶合金的晶化初生相一致时,晶化动力学参数能够实际反映合金的玻璃形成能力,相反则不能。     

交流磁场处理对Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13)非晶合金结构和性能的影响

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对交流磁场处理前后Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13)非晶合金条带的结构和性能进行了分析研究。XRD和VSM结果显示,合金的近邻原子间距离(d)和矫顽力(H_c)随交流电流的增大先减小后增大,但饱和磁感应强度则随交流电流的增大变化幅度不大。d和H_c的变化由合金中不均匀特征结构在磁后效过程中的相互作用所导致。由DSC曲线计算获得的表观激活能、局域激活能和局域Avrami指数表明,交流磁场处理提高了合金晶化反应的初始晶化激活能和Avrami指数,降低了晶化反应的表观生长激活能。合金晶化行为的改变与结构磁弛豫过程中团簇原子对有序化以及溶质原子和自由体积的扩散有关。     

脉冲电沉积纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层腐蚀特性研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究了脉冲电沉积法制各纳米晶Ni和纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层的组织结构、表面形貌和成分.用浸泡法和电化学极化法研究了纳米晶Ni和不同Co含量的纳米晶Ni-C0合金镀层在3.5%NaCl(质量分数,下同)和5%HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:通过脉冲电沉积法制各的Ni和Ni-Co合金镀层具有典型的纳米晶结构; 随着含Co量的增加,镀层的晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加;所制备的纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层组织结构均匀致密,其在3.5%NaCl溶液和5%HCl溶液中的耐蚀性均优于纳米晶Ni镀层;纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液的浸泡腐蚀中腐蚀极少,表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能,而在5%HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态则为均匀腐蚀.     

几种高熵合金在核电高温高压水中的腐蚀行为研究

通过电弧炉熔炼制备了3种不同成分的高熵合金Co_(1.5)CrFeNi_(1.5)Ti_(0.5)Mo_(0.1),AlCoCrFeNiSi_(0.1)和TaNbHfZrTi。并通过XRD和SEM等方法对以上几种材料的相结构、微观组织和化学成分进行分析。以核电站中商用690TT合金作为对比材料,采用高温电化学手段研究了这3种高熵合金在高温高压水中的再钝化动力学参数。结果表明,Co_(1.5)CrFeNi_(1.5)Ti_(0.5)Mo_(0.1),AlCoCrFeNiSi_(0.1)和TaNbHfZrTi3种合金均由单一相组成,Co_(1.5)CrFeNi_(1.5)Ti_(0.5)Mo_(0.1)为fcc结构,AlCoCrFeNiSi_(0.1)和TaNbHfZrTi为bcc结构。Co_(1.5)CrFeNi_(1.5)Ti_(0.5)Mo_(0.1)合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,枝晶为富Cr和富Fe相,枝晶间相为富Ni和富Ti相。AlCoCrFeNiSi_(0.1)合金的晶粒内部和晶界处存在较小的成分差异。TaNbHfZrTi合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,枝晶为富Ta和富Nb相,枝晶间相为富Hf,富Zr和富Ti相。Co_(1.5)CrFeNi_(1.5)Ti_(0.5)Mo_(0.1),AlCoCrFeNiSi_(0.1),TaNbHfZrTi和690TT合金在高温高压水中再钝化速率由快到慢的顺序为:TaNbHfZrTiCo_(1.5)CrFeNi_(1.5)Ti_(0.5)Mo_(0.1)690TTAlCoCrFeNiSi_(0.1)。     

B、N小原子对Dy(Gd)基合金非晶形成能力和晶化动力学的影响

采用水冷铜模吸铸法制备添加B、N小原子的Dy(Gd)基合金系样品,利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪检测合金的相结构,利用示差扫描量热(DSC)仪研究合金的玻璃转变和晶化行为,用Kissinger和Arrehenius方程分别计算出合金的晶化激活能、频率因子、晶化速率常数等晶化动力学参数.结果表明:Dy31Gd25Co20Al24合金中添加小原子B和N,晶化模式发生改变;合金的过冷液相区和晶化激活能先减小后增大;加入B原子,合金的晶化速率常数先增大后减小,加入N原子,合金的晶化速率常数先减小后增大.     

纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性

利用脉冲电沉积技术制备纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层。用EDS、XRD、TEM和SEM等手段分析纳米晶镀层的成分、微观组织结构和表面形貌。用电化学极化方法研究镀层中Co含量和退火温度对纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层在3.5%(质量分数,下同)NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的晶体结构为单一面心立方结构,其晶粒尺寸随镀层Co含量的增加而减小。镀层的晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高而增大,并呈现强的(111)织构。纳米晶镀层的腐蚀速率随Co含量的增加先下降而后上升。退火可明显降低纳米晶镀层的腐蚀速率。纳米晶与粗晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层经电化学腐蚀后呈现出完全不同的腐蚀形貌。     

Al_(72)Ni_(12)Co_(16)单相准晶合金的凝固特性研究

利用普通浇注方法和SEM、XRD、DTA、TEM等分析手段,研究了Al_(72)Ni_(12)Co_(16)准晶合金的结构旋转对称特征、微观组织与凝固特性.研究结果表明,在普通铸造条件下,Al_(72)Ni_(12)Co_(16)合金为单相多孔组织.合金在凝固过程中,准晶直接从液相中析出,该合金的液相线温度与包晶反应温度相隔很近,说明该准晶为近一致熔融化合物.     

SOME FRACTAL STRUCTURES IN RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Al-Mn ALLOY

The fractal structures formed in rapidly quenched Al_(86)Mn_(14)alloy have been observed onSEM.Their fractal dimensions are from 1.46 to 1.97.The principal phase examined by TEMand X-ray diffractometer is icosahedral quasicrystalline one with a small amount of Al phase.It is believed that these fractal structures are formed by many aggregated particles during therapid-quenching process.     

Fractal structures and their computer simulation in rapidly quenched Ai-Mn alloys

The microstructure of rapidly quenched A1-Mn alloys were studied by TEM and SEM. The icosahedral phase in AI-Mn alloys was observed to show various types of fractal morphologies, which may be classified into four kinds: 1) dendritic shape, 2) flower-like shape, 3) granular shape and 4) grain-oscillation shape. After being digitized by a computer, the fractal dimensions (D) of these morphologies were calculated. Based on the traditional diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) model computer simulations were made with two-seeded and many-seeded clusters, which reflect the growing mechanism of some fractal structures in A1-Mn alloys. It is suggested that these fractal structures are formed by many icosahedral particles about 20 nm in size aggregating during the rapid quenching process.     

基于分形扫描的TC4合金激光立体成形研究

对分形扫描方式在TC4合金激光立体成形中的应用展开实验研究,探讨了分形扫描路径的成形特点,研究了激光立体成形工艺参数(激光功率、搭接率等)对TC4合金成形质量的影响,提出了分形扫描方式下消除熔合不良和孔洞的方法.研究发现,分形扫描方式下,TC4合金成形的主要缺陷为熔合不良和孔洞,其主要原因是分形路径拐弯处的沉积高度大于直线扫描时的沉积高度,从而使成形表面出现凹点;且随着激光功率的增加、搭接率的提高,TC4合金成形件的熔合不良和孔洞缺陷有所缓解,但是仍较明显.根据上述研究结论和分形扫描方式的成形特点,提出了"半光斑抖动"策略,即每层扫描起始点沿x、y方向偏移半个激光光斑,从而使上下两个沉积层形成的凹凸点相互叠加,有效地防止了成形表面质量的恶化.     

Effect of pouring temperature on fractal dimension of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy

The fractal dimensions of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring were calculated, and the effect of pouring temperature on fractal dimension of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy was researched. The results indicate that it is feasible to prepare semisolid A356 alloy slurry by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring, and there is an important effect of pouring temperature on the morphology and the grain size of the primary phase in semi-solid A356 alloy, in which the reduction of pouring temperature can obviously improve grain size and shape factor of primary phase in semi-solid A356 alloy under the condition of a certain stirring power. The primary phase morphology of semi-solid A356 alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring can be characterized by fractal dimension, and the primary phase morphology obtained by the different processing parameters has the different fractal dimensions. Solidification of semi-solid alloy is a course of change in fractal dimension.     

Fractal analysis of granular ore media based on computed tomography image processing

The cross-sectional images of nine groups of ore samples were obtained by X-ray computed tomography(CT)scanner. Based on CT image analysis,the fractal dimensions of solid matrix,pore space and matrix/pore interface of each sample were measured by using box counting method.The correlation of the three fractal dimensions with particle size,porosity,and seepage coefficient was investigated.The results show that for all images of these samples,the matrix phase has the highest dimension, followed by the pore ...     

Cu-W薄膜表面形貌各向异性与相结构

提出了一种基于离散小波变换和分形几何概念定量描述薄膜表面形貌各向异性的新方法，并据此研究了磁控溅射Cu—W薄膜表面结构特征随退火温度的演变．结果表明，薄膜表面聚合过程有两个不同阶段：孔洞处形核和颗粒生长；薄膜表面形貌分形维数可很好地描述表面粗化程度．研究发现，表面形貌各向异性变化趋势对相结构变化敏感．指出这种结合小波变换和分形几何概念表征薄膜表面形貌的方法，可以较灵敏地探测到Cu—W薄膜表面结构各向异性变化．     

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PHASE SEPARATION IN CaO MgO Fe 2O 3 Al 2O 3 SiO 2 GLASS

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分形计算方法及在材料表界面中的应用

主要介绍分形这一几何方法在材料表界面研究中的应用。通过对国内外文献及资料的查阅了解，分别介绍了材料表界面分形维数的计算测定方法以及分形理论在材料表界面领域中的研究现状。对分维计算方法如网格法、小岛法和实验测定方法（吸附法）等做了详细的分析，对分形在材料表界面上的应用前景也进行了展望，分析了分形理论在表界面应用研究中的可行性。     

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 应用分形理论探讨了钢液中凝聚态夹杂物的性质、凝聚规律及上浮特性。结果表明：两个源碰撞夹杂物颗粒碰撞连结的方式不同,所生成的新凝聚态夹杂物颗粒的形貌特征和分形维数就可能存在较大差异;带有分形特征的凝聚态夹杂物的上浮速度要小于等体积三维球状实体夹杂物的上浮速度;新生凝聚态夹杂物的分形维数相对源碰撞夹杂物较小,所以对凝聚成的大尺寸夹杂物颗粒要对其加强重构,使其变得致密,增大其分形维数,有利于提高其上浮速度;分形维数的测定可以更精确地定量描述夹杂物的形貌特征,完善夹杂物检测的标准。     

FRACTAL GEOMETRY STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPACT TOUGHNESS OF STEEL AND PARAMETERS OF FREE-CUTTING PHASE

Studies were made of the calculation of fractal dimension of transverse impact fracture sur-face,and of the correlation between impact toughness of steel and parameters of free-cuttingphase by means of the developed fractal geometry model of crack propagation.It is believedthat the area fraction,f,of free-cutting phase is negligibly influential to the longitudinal im-pact toughness,as f1 .While the aspect ratio,saying ratio of length to width,of free-cut.ting phase is inversely influential to the transverse impact toughness.This may .be the reasonwhy the transverse impact toughness of free-cutting steel containing more rare earth contrastto sulphur is even higher than the low sulphur containing steel.