软件企业知识管理的思考

首先介绍了知识管理和组织学习的概念，从它们在软件过程改进中的应用－能力成熟度模型开始，对知识与知识技术和软件知识技术进行了述评，包括知识转换模型，知识与知识技术，软件工程知识体系，对象技术等，指出了中国软件企业面临的挑战，最后，举例说明软件企业如何进行知识管理。     

基于知识管理的软件开发模型研究

分析了知识管理的概念和内涵,设计了基于知识管理的电子政务软件开发的框架模型、系统模型、软件过程模型。并以上海市两新组织综合管理信息化系统的知识管理模式开发为例,阐述了知识管理的软件开发过程。     

实绩价值管理成熟度模型及其支持工具SPIF

EVM是一种能够帮助软件组织降低项目风险、提高开发效率、减少项目开支的行之有效的软件过程改进方法,EVM~3是一个提高软件组织使用EVM管理项目能力的模型。本文介绍了EVM~3的基本概念、与CMMI的关系,以及一个支持EVM~3进行软件过程改进的工具SPIF。     

基于度量和知识的软件过程管理系统的研究

越来越多的软件企业开展了知识管理和基于CMMI的软件过程改进.首先分析了软件度量与软件过程改进的关系;然后进一步分析了软件度量、知识管理与软件过程改进的关系;最后重点介绍了一个软件过程管理系统的模型框架、系统架构和主要功能.     

基于IC-OFFICE的知识管理绩效评价

知识管理已日益受到人们的重视。文章以智能协作办公系统软件IC-OFFICE为支持环境,首先分析了知识管理的内容和方法,以及知识管理过程对信息处理的需求;其后,从知识过程、知识组织和实施结果三个方面阐述了知识管理的绩效评价指标,并利用模糊理论构建了一个模糊绩效综合评价模型;最后通过一个示例对计算过程予以详细说明。     

一种支持构件化过程开发方法和分级管理机制的过程管理工具

开发符合组织规范和项目特征的软件过程模型,并对其进行持续地改进,是困扰软件组织的难点问题．一种支持构件化过程开发方法和分级管理机制的过程管理工具一青鸟过程管理（JBPM）系统借鉴CMM中“组织-项目”两级的层次化过程管理思想,引入了ISO／IEC 12207标准和IEEE 1517标准中的软件过程的需求规约,将基于构件的开发方法引入到软件过程的开发中,并为此提供工具支持,为过程管理问题提供了较好的解决方案．     

一种基于CMM的软件开发过程

CMM是软件过程评估和改进的一种成熟模型。它要求软件组织的软件过程标准化。但它没有给出达到这些目标的具体操作方法。因此，本文提出了一种基于CMM的组织级软件过程模型，并剖析了开发过程的一般特性。     

软件生产支持结构的研究

首先说明软件、软件生产及其复杂性,指出需要过程设计和知识管理来进行软件过程改进;接着提出了研究方法和概念框架,并给出了研究内容;最后,讨论了研究结果,包括软件过程复杂性命题、软件过程改进复杂性工作程序、软件企业模型和软件生产支持结构。     

软件企业过程管理支持系统的研究

该文先提出了软件企业研发过程存在的问题以及解决该问题采用的CMMI模型,再通过对某软件企业实施CMMI过程改进项目的跟踪,以及对过程改进实施资料的收集与分析,按照CMMI模型连续式表示法的过程域划分方法进行过程管理支持系统的分析与设计。该系统融合了项目管理,开发管理,支持管理,过程管理几大功能,可以帮助企业规范软件研发过程,并支持企业进行持续的组织革新,可促进企业更好的进行软件过程实施。推进规范执行、问题反馈以及改进深化。     

基于CMM的中小型企业的软件项目管理模型研究

本文以中小型软件企业为研究对象,分析了中小型软件企业软件过程管理存在的问题,提出了一个基于CMM可重复级（2级）的软件项目管理模型,并给出了模型各实施阶段的主要工作和需要注意的问题,对我国中小企业的小型软件项目开发及过程改进具有借鉴意义。     

A Dynamic Integrated Framework for Software Process Improvement

Current software process models (CMM, SPICE, etc.) strongly recommend the application of statistical control and measure guides to define, implement, and evaluate the effects of different process improvements. However, whilst quantitative modeling has been widely used in other fields, it has not been considered enough in the field of software process improvement. During the last decade software process simulation has been used to address a wide diversity of management problems. Some of these problems are related to strategic management, technology adoption, understanding, training and learning, and risk management, among others. In this work a dynamic integrated framework for software process improvement is presented. This framework combines traditional estimation models with an intensive utilization of dynamic simulation models of the software process. The aim of this framework is to support a qualitative and quantitative assessment for software process improvement and decision making to achieve a higher software development process capability according to the Capability Maturity Model. The concepts underlying this framework have been implemented in a software process improvement tool that has been used in a local software organization. The results obtained and the lessons learned are also presented in this paper.     

Negotiated learning contracts in team projects

The successful evolution of a negotiated learning practice in software engineering team projects is described. The background to negotiated learning practices is reviewed and it is noted that a concern for process issues might be related to software quality management concerns. Negotiated learning was used to develop learning autonomy and to encourage process improvement. The integration of learning contracts and existing software engineering quality management techniques has produced an approach which has enabled teams of students to effectively define and reflect on systems development and learning processes. Individual assessment was enhanced by including processes for the visibility and traceability of contributions in the negotiation process. The gradual evolution of the practice is described with some detail of the current context provided. Evaluations have indicated that teams can become more actively engaged in learning and develop reflective skills in a structured manner by exploiting mechanisms for negotiation.     

Practical experiences in modelling software engineering practices: The project patterns approach

Software process improvement in software development organisations is a complex task that can be solved using knowledge management strategies. In this area, the definition and use of process patterns are a proven approach to apply knowledge management strategies in software engineering organisations. One of the main problems for the effective application of process patterns in the software industry is the difficulty of formalising the knowledge about the development process using these approaches. This study presents a framework to manage software project patterns. This framework (which is composed of a metamodel and a platform for patterns modelling and reuse) is able to formalise the knowledge on software development projects including software engineers’ previous experience, development methodologies, references frameworks and lessons learnt. The authors carried out an empirical study at Carlos III University of Madrid, where junior software engineers used the project patterns defined in this research work. The evidences and findings obtained during the empirical study execution indicates that correctness of the pattern depends on relevance of the bibliographic references used to create it, implementation of a knowledge sharing strategy among the personnel involved and previous experience in the business areas related to the information systems being developed. The results obtained from the empirical study also envisage that the usefulness of an sdPP (Software Development Project Pattern) depends on the ease of identifying when and how to apply a specific sdPP in a software project.     

基于CMM的软件过程改进实践

CMM是一种软件生产过程标准和软件企业成熟度评估标准,该标准侧重于软件开发过程的管理及工程能力的提高与评估。基于CMM理论在软件过程改进中的应用,针对软件开发过程中存在的问题,采用CMM2级项目级实践,实现4个关键过程域：需求管理、软件项目计划、软件项目跟踪和监督、软件质量保证,制定出符合项目需求和管理的规范与过程,将CMM理论应用于软件开发过程中,对项目各个环节的工作进行改进,取得良好的过程改进效果,并从中总结基于CMM模型进行过程改进的经验。     

An empirical study of the effects of knowledge sharing and learning behaviors on firm performance

Knowledge sharing and learning behaviors in the workplace are believed to be very important to the success of firms. In this study, the relationships between knowledge sharing and learning behaviors, business process improvement, product and service offerings, and organizational performance are examined based on a sample of 134 firms engaged in manufacturing, and wholesale or retailing operations. Data analyses using the partial least squares statistical technique revealed that knowledge sharing and learning behaviors are positively associated with business process improvement, and product and service offerings. Business process improvement and product and service offerings are positively associated, and they in turn are positively related to organizational performance. The findings reinforce the importance of knowledge sharing and learning to companies. Executives should encourage knowledge management and organizational learning activities within their firms, and give proper considerations to the strategies and implementation of programs supporting these activities in order to enhance firm performance.     

Supporting learning in a shared design environment

Design is a complex problem solving and knowledge refinement process. Learning is a part of this process that can improve computer based design support systems by using the knowledge representing the experience and expertise of designers. Learning from past design examples, and acquiring new knowledge during the process of design are closely related activities that must be supported by future computer supported design systems.This paper analyses the relation between design and learning activity to propose a learning model of design first. Then it presents the software architecture of a design agent with an inductive learning mechanism. Subsequently it introduces the knowledge representation and learning algorithms in a multi-agent design system. Finally, the paper examines the possible ways in which the proposed learning model and the software architecture can be placed in an industrial and engineering design context for developing application tools for design support.     

一个基于Web的软件过程改进框架SPIF的实现

软件过程的理论日趋成熟，而基于软件过程改进模型的面向中小软件组织的应用程序却很少，因而造成一种情形，即管理者知道应该进行软件过程的改进，也知道有很多可以参考的规范与模型，但是，真正开始的时候，却不知道该如何着手。本文介绍一个基于Web的软件过程改进框架，试图给出一个解决问题的途径。该系统集成一组管理工具与相关知识库，用一种灵活的方式帮助组织确定适合自己的软件过程模型，从而以一种相对简洁方便的方式实现对软件过程的管理与改进。     

基于过程模式的软件过程框架

Process pattern is an excellent method to express software process knowledge, it can express process knowledge in different granularity and realize the non-gap connection of process knowledge, it supports the reuse and persistent improvement of process knowledge. In this paper, we put forward a process Pattern Based Software Pro-cess Framework(PB-SPF), its three layer architecture has realized the high abstraction of software process and theseparation of its contents, so it have good reusability and adaptability. We can use it as a base for the research of soft-ware process, the building and enactment of process model.