煤储层基质孔隙和割理孔隙的特征及孔隙度的测定方法

以河南安阳和山西柳林两处试验勘查区及附近矿井煤样为例,对煤储层和基质孔隙和割理孔隙特征分析进行了研究,并对孔隙度的测定方法作了探讨。基质孔隙和割理孔隙构成煤储层的双重孔隙介质结构．割理孔隙度一方面随围压增加有降低的趋势,另一方面随孔隙压力降低,气体解吸引起的基质收缩,又有增加的趋势．通过分析实验室条件下,水饱和与气驱水过程基质孔隙的毛管力和润湿性,结合国外学者对气驱水条件下割理内是否有残余水所做的实验,综合分析,认为气驱水法是测定割理孔隙度唯一可行的方法．基质孔隙度只能由总孔隙度和割理孔隙度间接求取．     

刘家勘探区煤储层特征及煤层气开发条件研究

研究了刘家勘探区煤储层特征及煤层气开发条件，认为研究区煤储层的煤级，孔隙性和渗透性相对较低，但地质构造简单，煤层气资源丰度高，煤储层厚度，含气量，含气饱和度，甲烷浓度，临储压力比，临界解吸压力等都较高，压力梯度基本正常，可采性以及煤层气开发和利用前景条件较好。并已被煤层气井排采试验结果所初步证实，同时，中也就区内今后的煤层气开发工作提出了某些建议。     

煤岩力学参数与其基质收缩性能的耦合效应

采用三轴岩石力学测试系统来模拟煤岩的力学行为，通过控制有效应力的方式进行实验，测试煤基质收缩量。实验结果分析表明，煤基质收缩量与其力学参数(抗压强度，弹性模量)具有良好的负指数关系：y=ae^br。吸附阶段，力学性能较强的煤样，其基质膨胀效应较小，而力学性能较弱的煤样，其基质膨胀效应就会较明显；解吸阶段也具有类似的情形，这种正反效应的叠加，使得强者更强，弱者更弱，导致力学性能较高的煤岩，其基质的收缩量反而越小。     

煤层气排采时渗透率动态特征研究

正确认识煤层气井开采过程中的渗透性变化特征是实现煤层气科学高效开发的重要前提.目前,大量的室内实验研究渗透率随排采的变化时仅考虑压力敏感性,而没有考虑在实际生产过程中存在的基质收缩效应的影响.笔者提出一种动态分析方法,利用实际生产数据,分段拟合出不同生产时间下的煤层参数,包括渗透率和地层压力等,并且在前人研究的基础上建立了考虑应力敏感效应和基质收缩效应的渗透率数学模型,通过数据回归获得到模型的具体参数.该方法可以用于描述煤层渗透率的动态特征,预测煤层气产量变化,指导现场配产.     

How moisture loss affects coal porosity and permeability during gas recovery in wet reservoirs?

Moisture in coal seams changes gas adsorption capacity, induces coal deformation, and affects coal porosity. However, fewer studies have investigated the dynamic process of moisture loss. In this study, a fully coupled multi-physical model for coal deformation, gas flow and moisture loss was implemented. It validated the coal-gas-moisture interactions of the decay of gas adsorption capacity and the coal shrinkage.Subsequently, the proposed model was applied to a simulation of coal seam gas recovery from wet reservoir and solved using the finite method in COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. Analyses of the component factors and the sensitive parameters of moisture loss on coal porosity and permeability were comprehensively studied at last. The results reveal that moisture loss enhances coal porosity and permeability. The decay of gas adsorption capacity decreases coal permeability while the coal shrinkage promotes it. The decrease of the adsorption decay coefficient and the increase of the initial density of saturated water vapor and water evaporation constant can enhance the permeability of wet coal seams.     

煤基质收缩对渗透率影响的实验研究

在具有围限压力的情况下进行了煤岩体氦气和甲烷渗透率的平行实验；采用控制有效应力的方法,消除了因流体压力降低和气体解吸引起的渗透率变低问题；同时,利用克林伯格公式，校正了因气体分子沿壁面滑动而影响的渗透率，并定量地推导了煤基质收缩引起的渗透率变化情况。结果表明：渗透率增量随绝对渗透率的增加而增大，随流体压力的减少而呈对数形式减少；煤岩体氦气的绝对渗透率大于甲烷的克氏渗透率，在有效应力不变的情况下，流体压力愈小，滑脱效应愈明显；滑脱效应引起的渗透率增量越大;氦气滑脱效应大于甲烷。     

3D numerical simulation of boreholes for gas drainage based on the pore–fracture dual media

A gas migration controlling equation was formulated based on the characteristics of the dual pore–fracture media of coal mass and in consideration of the matrix exchange between pores and fractures.A model of permeability dynamic evolution was established by analyzing the variation in effective stress during gas drainage and the action mechanism of the effect of coal matrix desorption on porosity and fracture in the coal body.A coupling model can then be obtained to characterize gas compressibility and coal deformability under the gas–solid coupling of loading coal.In addition,a 3D model of boreholes was established and solved for gas drainage based on the relevant physical parameters of real mines.The comparison and analysis results for the law of gas migration and the evolution of coal body permeability around the boreholes before and after gas extraction between the dual media and the single-seepage field models can provide a theoretical basis for further research on the action mechanism of gas drainage.     

页岩气藏双渗透模型解的结构

根据页岩气渗流理论，针对解析吸附、扩散、滑脱以及渗流等复杂的渗流问题，分别从仅考虑基质孔隙滑脱效应、考虑基质微孔隙滑脱效应和气体扩散2种因素以及综合考虑基质微孔隙应力敏感、滑脱效应和气体扩散3种因素共同作用的3个角度出发，建立以考虑解析吸附为前提的页岩气渗流方程；结合3种外边界条件(封闭、定压、无穷大)、初始条件和内边界条件，构成页岩气渗流模型。通过无因次变换和Laplace变换，将该页岩气渗流模型非线性形式转化为常微分方程的定解问题，得到该模型在Laplace空间下的解，并对其进行深入研究与分析，发现该模型的解式之间具有相似结构。这不仅极大地便利了试井分析软件的编制，而且避免了繁琐冗长的计算过程，提高了计算效率，对页岩气产能模型的建立也具有指导意义。     

河南省下二叠统山西组二_1煤煤层气储层描述

从煤厚、煤岩组成、煤级、煤体结构、裂隙系统、渗透性、吸附／解吸特性等方面对河南省的主可采煤层二１煤的煤层气的储层特征进行了详细论述．指出镜质组含量较高、割理比较发育、外生裂隙发育适中的原生结构煤和碎裂煤渗透性最好,是最有利的储层;外生裂隙发育适中的无烟煤是有利储层;碎粒煤为不利储层;糜棱煤为不可开发储层．临界解吸压力较高、含气量较高的中煤级煤分布区是煤层气勘探开发的首选地区．     

陆相盆地低煤级煤储层特征研究—以准噶尔、吐哈盆地为例

研究了准噶尔、吐哈盆地低煤级煤储层的特征,结果表明：该储层几何形态复杂,且受成煤环境的控制,表现出显著的规律性变化。煤体形态可归纳为与成煤环境对应的4种类型,其中形成于湖成三角洲的朵状、舌状煤体成藏规模最大,浅部煤储层以含气量低、甲烷浓度低、含气饱和度中等、含气强度大为特征;但在构造相对简单的盆缘斜坡深部具有很好的勘探开发潜力,煤储层孔容及比表面积都很大且变化范围也大;中值孔径、孔隙率的变化特征与孔容一致,预示了低煤级煤储层较高的基岩渗透率,兰氏体积和兰氏压力都显著低于中、高煤级煤储层,煤储层达到饱和的机率更大,更容易解吸。古构造应力场控制着煤储层割理裂隙系统的发育程度和分布规律,现代构造应力场特征影响煤储层割理裂隙系统的开合程度,盆缘斜坡多为高渗区。     

The coalbed methane transport model and its application in the presence of matrix shrinkage

Based on the theories of surface physical chemistry, theoretical formulations for permeability and porosity are presented which include both stress effect and matrix shrinkage in a single equation. Then, a three-dimensional, dual porosity, nonequilibrium adsorption, pseudosteady state mathematical model for gas and water is established and solved by the fully implicit method and the block preconditioning orthomin algorithm. A history matching for the Qinshui Well TL003 is done. From the results, it is shown that the obvious enhancement of permeability occurs along with the passing time but the reservoir pressure of 15# coal seam cannot fulfill the critical adsorption pressure as a result of the water recharge of the aquifer. Hence, it is suggested to plug the 15# coal seam. Supported by the National High Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2006AA06Z236) and the National Basic Research Program (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2002CB11708)     

煤层气有限导流压裂井的压力动态分析

针对煤层气产出过程中的降压,解吸,扩散,渗流等特点,应用非稳态解吸模型;研究了煤层气在基质和割理中的单相流动;建立了新有有限导流压裂井评价模型;讨论了裂缝壁面表皮系数,吸附系数,裂缝储容系数和窜流系数对压力动态的影响;分析了煤层气压裂井的压降典型曲线特征和参数估计方法,从而为煤层气藏开发提供了可靠的数据。     

致密油藏自渗吸提高采收率影响因素研究

针对致密油藏现有开发方式下产量递减快、可采储量低的问题,通过建立双孔双渗致密油自渗吸提高采收率数学模型,研究裂缝密度、基质渗透率、毛管力、原油黏度等因素对自渗吸提高采收率效果的影响。研究发现,注入表面活性剂使亲油致密储层产生润湿性反转,诱导产生自发渗吸,从而可有效提高基质原油的动用程度;渗吸采油效果与裂缝密度正相关,裂缝越密,基质比表接触面积越大,渗吸强度及采油速度也越快;渗吸采油效果与毛管力正相关,改变润湿性的同时应尽量保持界面张力水平;渗吸法采油适用于原油黏度较低、基质渗透率较高的亲油致密油藏。     

吐哈盆地沙尔湖地区煤层气钻完井适用技术探讨

在剖析美国圣胡安盆地煤层气空气钻井、裸眼洞穴完井技术及优势的基础上,确定了低煤阶煤层气钻井及裸眼洞穴完井的煤储层条件等,并以吐哈盆地沙尔湖地区低煤阶煤层气为主要研究对象,利用类比法及地质统计法,具体分析了吐哈盆地沙尔湖地区的煤储层厚度、含气量、渗透率、井壁稳定性及储层压力条件等．研究表明,沙尔湖地区煤层厚度大,储层物性好,井壁稳定性好,可采用低成本空气钻井及裸眼完井技术提高钻井效率,保护煤储层,提高煤层气采收率．     

Coal reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Ordos basin in China

In the eastern Ordos basin, due to the diversity of the tectonic setting, coal rank, gas content and permeability, coal reservoirs have differing characteristics. In this paper, based on coal reservoir geometry, gas content, adsorption capacity, pores and fissures developments and permeability data, the coalbed methane(CBM) reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Ordos basin is discussed. The results show that, due to undergoing different paleo-temperatures in the geological history,coal rank has a higher trend from the north part to the south and from the shallow part to the inward basin, which determines CBM distribution and recoverability. In the north, although having large coal thickness and high permeability, Zhungeer-Xingxian coal rank is low, and gas content is small. In the central part, with medium rank, higher gas content and relatively high permeability, and the Wubao-Liulin area is the most favorable area in the eastern Ordos basin. In the southern part, medium and high metamorphism coal occurs, and although having the highest gas content, the permeability in the Hancheng area is low due to the development of sheared coal.     

煤基块弹性能及其与地质控制因素之间的关系

煤储层弹性能是联系成藏动力学条件与煤层气藏之间的桥梁和纽带，煤基块弹性能是储层能量的主要组成部分，是煤层气成藏的关键．本文通过煤基块弹性能物理模拟实验，对影响煤基块弹性能的参数进行了研究，分析了其与地质控制因素之间的关系．研究表明：煤基块弹性能受控于煤体自身的岩石力学性质，与地质历史时期的煤储层埋藏深度、煤级演化程度密切相关．煤基块弹性能随着煤储层埋深的增加而降低，随着煤级的升高而增大．     

古16井区火山岩储层测井评价

通过成像测井资料并结合地质资料和常规测井资料分析，对16井区火山岩裂缝性储层有效性和渗透性进行了评价研究。结果表明：火山岩储层空隙类型主要为裂缝和基质溶孔，储层模式主要为裂缝直接连通裂缝型、裂缝间接连通的孔隙—裂缝型，储层类型有低孔—裂缝型和孔隙—裂缝型2种；储层孔隙度较小，基质岩块孔隙度为2％—22％；裂缝为0．01％～0．08％，为低孔、低渗性储集层；储层主要分布在火山岩的中上部不整合面250m以内。     

地层压敏对低渗透气井产能影响研究

对低渗透地层的压力敏感性进行了室内实验,获得了大量数据,在对实验数据分析、归纳和总结的过程中,发现渗透率和地层压力在半对数图上并非象经典理论所描述的表现为直线,而为分段变化特征,从而提出了压敏分段变化的观点.对渗透率与压力变化进行了分段回归,建立了渗透率分段变化压敏数学模型和渗透率指数变异拟稳态产能预测模型.并在此研究的基础上,对塔里木盆地某气藏的压敏特性进行了分析并给出了其单井产能预测方法,该研究对低渗透压敏气田的高效开发具有重要的指导意义.     

中低煤阶煤层气储层孔隙结构分段分形特征

为明确韩城、保德区块煤岩孔隙结构分形特征,基于火柴棍模型,推导了新的分形特征表征方法,并利用扫描电镜实验和压汞实验数据对新方法进行验证,在此基础上研究了中、低煤岩孔隙结构分形特征。结果表明,火柴棍模型更能精确表征中、低煤阶煤岩的双重孔隙结构特征。在双对数坐标中,进汞饱和度与毛管压力成双线性关系,即以半径1 μm为界,中低阶煤岩孔隙结构具有分段分形特征,孔隙和裂缝具有不同的分形区间和分形维数。韩城、保德区块裂缝分形维数和孔隙分形维数分别在2.80~2.98和2.17~2.33,且裂缝分形维数随孔隙分形维数增加而增加,两类分形维数均随平均孔隙半径、孔隙度和渗透率的增加依次降低。表明煤岩分形维数可以作为储层评价的关键指标,分形维数越小,储层物性越好。煤岩分形维数能够表征其孔隙结构的非均质性,分形维数越大,孔隙结构非均质性越强。韩城、保德区块割理、裂缝的分形维数远远大于孔隙分形维数。     

不同特征储层相渗曲线的网络模拟研究

通过随机方式建立由孔隙和喉道组成的三维网络模型,研究流体在模型中的流动,建立求取相对渗透率的方法。在此基础上,针对高孔高渗、高孔中渗和低孔低渗三种不同的储层结构,分别建立与其对应的网络模型。通过网络模拟方法求取不同特征储层的相对渗透率曲线。