具有光透性的超长TiO_2纳米管阵列/FTO的制备及表征

采用电子束蒸发方法在透明导电玻璃FTO上沉积Ti金属薄膜,室温条件下在C2H6O2+NH4F中通过恒压阳极氧化法制备出超长TiO2纳米管阵列/FTO电极,并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X光电子能谱(XPS),X射线衍射(XRD)及光谱分析等方法对纳米管阵列/FTO电极进行了表征.研究表明,制备出的TiO2纳米管阵列内径43nm,管长5.4μm,经退火处理后得到长度为5μm锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管阵列/FTO透明电极,在可见光波长段的透射率为45%,在400nm波长处有一明显吸收峰.     

玻璃基底TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及其光电性能研究

提高二氧化钛纳米管阵列电极的机械稳定性,改善电极的透光性能,有助于提高其光电催化性能,拓展电极的应用范围.通过室温射频溅射方法在玻璃基底上溅射一层金属钛膜,然后在含0.5%HF的电解液,10V阳极氧化电压下进行阳极氧化,得到玻璃基TiO2纳米管阵列电极.扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析表明,玻璃基表面形成了孔径为20～30nm,管长约130nm排列有序的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管阵列.光电性能测试表明,玻璃基TiO2纳米管阵列与金属钛基TiO2纳米管阵列表现出相似的光电催化性能,明显优于磁控溅射制备的TiO2薄膜.     

磁控溅射TiO_2纳米管阵列与其组装的杂化太阳能电池

采用直流磁控溅射-热处理二步法在多孔阳极氧化铝模板上制备出TiO2纳米管阵列膜。将纳米管阵列膜转移到ITO导电玻璃,并分别与P3HT和P3HT∶PCBM组装成杂化太阳能电池。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和模拟太阳光光电性能测试系统化对TiO2纳米管阵列膜和其组装的太阳能电池进行了分析表征。在纳米管阵列膜和ITO玻璃之间加入TiO2结合层的P3HT∶PCBM基杂化太阳能电池表现出最好的转换效率。该方法制备的大面积TiO2纳米管阵列膜,纯度高、工艺稳定,在未来的聚合物太阳能电池商业化应用中具有巨大潜力。     

TiO_2纳米管阵列电极染料敏化太阳能电池

采用电化学阳极氧化法在纯钛片表面制备了高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。利用SEM、XRD分别对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌、晶型进行了表征,并通过线性扫描伏安法对N719染料敏化纳米管阵列电极的光电性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,纳米管阵列的管径和长度随着阳极氧化电压的升高和氧化时间的延长都分别相应增加。同时还发现,通过450℃热处理的TiO2纳米管阵列,具有较好的锐钛矿晶型结构,其光电转化效率为2.1%。     

鸭跖草色素敏化TiO_2纳米管太阳能电池的研究

以高度有序TiO2纳米管阵列作为光阳极,鸭跖草色素作为敏化剂制备了天然染料敏化太阳能电池。阳极氧化6h制备的TiO2纳米管作为电极的电池的光电转换效率约达0.52%,短路电流为1.53mA/cm2。比较不同管长TiO2纳米管阵列对电池的光电性能的影响。利用紫外-可见光光谱仪研究鸭跖草色素的光吸收性能。利用电化学阻抗谱分析电池的界面阻抗。研究表明适当提高TiO2纳米管长度可以有效提高天然染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能。     

用乳酸溶液为电解质制备TiO2纳米管阵列

为了开发自组织阳极氧化制备TiO2纳米管阵列的新体系,以乳酸/NH4F混合溶液为电解质,研究了阳极氧化制备TiO2纳米管阵列的影响因素及形成机理.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行检测,并通过观察阳极氧化过程中的电流-时间变化曲线,探讨TiO2纳米管阵列的形成机理.结果表明:阳极氧化电压、时间及电解质溶液的黏度是影响TiO2纳米管阵列结构和形貌的主要因素,在40 v阳极氧化电压下,制备出平均管径高达180 nm的纳米管,所获得的TiO2纳米管阵列为无定型结构,300℃热处理以后转变为锐钛矿型TiO2.     

TiO2纳米管上负载纳米铁的制备及其光电性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在钛金属表面制备出致密有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,分别利用磁控溅射和电子束辐照沉积技术在其上沉积Fe纳米颗粒以提高其光电性能。利用场发射扫描电镜观察两种不同技术制备的TiO2纳米管阵列负载纳米Fe结构的表面形貌。研究比较了不同制备方法得到的样品在紫外光和可见光照射下的光电效应。     

TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及复阻抗分析

采用电化学阳极氧化法在HF酸水溶液中使纯钛表面生成结构致密有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,考察了阳极氧化电压和阳极氧化时间对TiO2纳米管阵列形貌的影响,讨论了TiO2纳米管的形成机理.采用复阻抗谱方法,测量了获得的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜在不同湿度下的电阻-电抗曲线和相位角-频率曲线,由此分析得到,试样的等效电路由2个RC并联回路串联而成,并拟合出等效电路各元件的参数值,说明TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜表面对湿度变化有较好的响应.     

TiO2纳米管阵列的制备工艺对其光催化性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法,在醇(丙三醇、乙二醇)-水-NH4F电解液体系中制备高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌和晶型结构进行表征,讨论了阳极氧化法制备工艺(阳极氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液)对TiO2纳米管的形貌、结构及其甲基橙光催化降解性能的影响;分析了退火温度对TiO2阵列的物相及其光催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用高电压、增加氧化时间有利于TiO2纳米管阵列光催化的提高,在其它参数相同的情况下,采用丙三醇作为电解液制备获得的TiO2纳米管阵列较乙二醇体系具有更加优异的光催化性能。     

TiO2/CuInS2复合纳米棒阵列的制备及其光电性能

采用两步溶剂热法在氧化氟锡(FTO)导电玻璃基底上制备了CuInS2敏化TiO2纳米棒阵列复合薄膜光阳极.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了复合阵列薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌,同时采用紫外可见吸收分光光度计(UV-Vis)及光电流电压(I-V)曲线研究了CuInS2敏化TiO2纳米阵列薄膜的光学及光电化学性质.研究结果表明,TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜被CuInS2敏化后在可见光区的吸收有明显的增强.在模拟太阳光照射下(100 mW/cm2),利用这种复合薄膜作为光阳极组装的量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压为0.29 V,短路电流密度为0.15 mA/cm2,具有一定的光电转换能力.     

A novel route to large-scale and robust free-standing TiO2 nanotube membranes based on N2 gas blowing combined with methanol wetting

We present a novel and straightforward approach to fabricate large-scale and robust free-standing TiO(2) nanotube (TNT) membranes. Simply by blowing N(2) gas onto as-anodized TNTs that are wetted with methanol, free-standing TNT membranes are produced. The approach also provides homogeneous and honeycomb-like Ti substrates after the detachment of TNT membranes. Through the second anodization of the honeycomb-like Ti substrates following the N(2) blowing, TNT membranes comprising hexagonally close-packed and regularly ordered TNTs with clear open ends can be achieved. Characterization of the free-standing TNT membranes using Raman spectroscopy and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope reveals that anatase TiO(2) and crystalline graphitic carbon are embedded in the bottom surface of the free-standing TNT membranes.     

纳米材料TiO2光催化技术在空气净化中的应用

本文分析了纳米TiO2光催化处理室内VOC2的反应机理，以室内空气中常见的挥发性有机物为例，分析了单一初始浓度、室内湿度、紫外光强、迎面风速、温度等因素的影响，及其与反应速率的曲线关系，并与动力学模型L—H进行比较，趋势预测结果满意。     

Free-standing TiO(2) nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation and ultrasonic splitting

A facile and green method was employed to prepare large-scale free-standing TiO(2) nanotube (TNT) arrays, in which as-anodized TiO(2) nanotube films prepared in organic electrolytes with thickness ranging from seven to tens of micrometers were then ultrasonicated in a mix solution of ethanol and water. By controlling the ratio of ethanol to water, the time and the power of ultrasonication, large-scale free-standing TiO(2) nanotube arrays without any crack could be detached from the Ti substrates. Hydrogen sensing results demonstrated that the free-standing TNT film is more sensitive than a film with Ti substrates when exposed to 1000?ppm hydrogen ambient.     

纳米TiO2对不同材料超滤膜结构与性能的影响

选用聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚砜(PES)、酚酞聚醚砜(PES-C)3种不同的高分子材料,用浸没沉淀相转化法制备了一系列不同纳米TiO2含量的纳米TiO2复合膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线能谱仪(EDS),水接触角测试及超滤实验考察了纳米TiO2对膜的结构及性能的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2与高分子超滤膜的复合显著改善了膜的亲水性.在截留率较高且基本保持不变的情况下,3种超滤膜的纯水通量和BSA溶液通量都得到了不同程度的提高.而由EDS分析可知,经过一定的时间,膜表面的TiO2会部分脱落,TiO2粒子与膜表面结合的稳定性问题不容忽视.在选用的3种材料中,TiO2粒子与PES-C膜表面结合较为牢固,且复合后BSA溶液通量的增幅最大,通量衰减较小,具有更好的膜结构和性能.     

TiO2/聚酰胺反渗透复合膜的制备及表征

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,在水/丁醇界面区进行水解,制备了锐钛矿型TiO2。分别将不同量的TiO2分散在水相或油相中,以界面聚合方法制备了TiO2/聚酰胺反渗透复合膜,研究了TiO2含量对所制备复合膜结构和分离性能的影响。SEM图谱结果表明,当TiO2添加到水相中时,其同时存在于聚酰胺复合膜皮层的底层以及聚砜基膜的指状孔道中;当TiO2添加到油相中时,复合膜表面结构致密,峰谷结构明显,可看到在膜皮层的表面有TiO2存在。膜分离性能的研究结果表明,与TiO2添加在水相中相比,TiO2添加在油相中能更好地提高膜分离性能。膜抑菌性能研究表明TiO2/聚酰胺反渗透膜在紫外光照下对大肠杆菌表现出良好的杀灭性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of Nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In this study, the syntheses and characterizations of Nafion/TiO2 membranes for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were investigated. Porous TiO2 powders were synthesized using the sol-gel method; with Nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membranes prepared using the casting method. An X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the synthesized TiO2 had an anatase structure. The specific surface areas of the TiO2 and Nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane were found to be 115.97 and 33.91 m2/g using a nitrogen adsorption analyzer. The energy dispersive spectra analysis indicated that the TiO2 particles were uniformly distributed in the nanocomposite membrane. The membrane electrode assembly prepared from the Nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane gave the best PEMFC performance compared to the Nafion/P-25 and Nafion membranes.     

Electrospinning processed nanofibrous TiO(2) membranes for photovoltaic applications

We have recently fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) comprising nanofibrous TiO(2) membranes as electrode materials. A thin TiO(2) film was pre-deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated conducting glass substrate by immersion in TiF(4) aqueous solution to reduce the electron back-transfer from FTO to the electrolyte. The composite polyvinyl acetate (PVac)/titania nanofibrous membranes can be deposited on the pre-deposited thin TiO(2) film coated FTO by electrospinning of a mixture of PVac and titanium isopropoxide in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The nanofibrous TiO(2) membranes were obtained by calcining the electrospun composite nanofibres of PVac/titania as the precursor. Spectral sensitization of the nanofibrous TiO(2) membranes was carried out with a ruthenium (II) complex, cis-dithiocyanate-N,N(')-bis(2,2(')-bipyridyl-4,4(')-dicarboxylic acid) ruthenium (II) dihydrate. The results indicated that the photocurrent and conversion efficiency of electrodes can be increased with the addition of the pre-deposited TiO(2) film and the adhesion treatment using DMF. Additionally, the dye loading, photocurrent, and efficiency of the electrodes were gradually increased by increasing the average thickness of the nanofibrous TiO(2) membranes. The efficiency of the fibrous TiO(2) photoelectrode with the average membrane thickness of 3.9?μm has a maximum value of 4.14%.     

TiO2纳滤膜的制备及其离子截留性能

以钛酸四异丙酯为前驱体,通过聚合溶胶路线制备出平均尺寸约1.2 nm的TiO2溶胶.采用浸浆法,经过一次涂膜,在平均孔径约为3nm的片状γ-Al2O3/α-Al2O3支撑体上制备出完整无缺陷的TiO2纳滤膜.详细考察了煅烧温度对非担载膜(TiO2粉末)和TiO2纳滤膜性能的影响.在350℃的煅烧温度下制备出孔径约为1.5nm的TiO2纳滤膜,该膜对PEG的截留分子量为890,纯水渗透通量为5.3 L/(m2 h)(8×105Pa,20℃);并详细考察了该膜对NaCl、CaCl2、Na2SO4、MgCl2和Ni(NO3)25种溶液的截留性能.结果表明,在pH=4,压力5×105Pa的条件下,Ti-350膜对0.025 mol/L CaCl2和MgCl2溶液的离子截留率分别达到96.5%和92.8%.     

Self-organized, free-standing TiO2 nanotube membrane for flow-through photocatalytic applications

In the present work we show a simple and robust fabrication process of a dense and free-standing membrane consisting of vertically oriented, both-side-open TiO2 nanotubes. This membrane structure allows direct, size-selective, flow-through photocatalytic reactions with a very high efficiency.     

聚酰亚胺/TiO2 复合膜的制备、表征和气体渗透性测定

以硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管为支撑体，以TiO2为过渡层，通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型聚酰亚胺／TiO2复合膜．采用FTIR、NMR、TG／DTA、TEM、BET和气体渗透法对复合膜进行了表征和测试．结果表明：TiO2相通过与聚酰亚胺链上羧酸基支链发生键连形成有机无机组分交错分布的网状结构；复合膜具有良好的热稳定性和有机无机兼容性；相对于聚酰亚胺膜，复合膜对H2、CO2、N2和H2O具有较高的分离性；TiO2含量为15wt％的复合膜对H2／N2、C02／N2和H20／N2的分离因子分别为64．2、42．5和80．8．