Synthesis and characterization of Sm^3＋-doped CeO2 powders

Sm^3＋-doped Ce02 （denoted as Ce1-xSmxO2） powders with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via a precursor-growth-calcination approach, in which precursor was first synthesized by a hydrothermal method and Ce1-xSmxO2 powders were finally obtained through a calcination process. The products were characterized with X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results reveal that the Ce1-xSmxO2 powders obtained by calcining the precursors prepared in the absence and presence of poly（vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP） exhibit bundle-and sphere-like morphology, respectively. The possible growth process was proposed by preparing a series of intermediate morphologies during the shape evolution of CeO2 based on the SEM image observation. It is also found that the luminescence intensity of bundle-like Ce1-xSmxO2 is enhanced in comparison with that of sphere-like one due to its special morphology.     

微波制备有机膨润土用于生化中药废水处理尾水脱色的试验

利用长碳链季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTMAB)在微波辐射条件下对以广西宁明膨润土制得的钠基膨润土进行改性,得到有机膨润土.利用其对经生化处理后的中药废水尾水进行脱色处理,考察了不同的工艺条件如吸附时间、膨润土投加量、反应温度、pH值对中药废水脱色效果的影响.结果表明:pH对脱色效果有影响,体系以物理吸附为主.当吸附剂用量为3.5 g/L、吸附时间为25 m in、吸附温度为32℃,不调节pH值,经生化处理后的中药废水尾水脱色率可达97%,且其吸附脱色能力大于活性炭.     

厌氧颗粒污泥对水中铅离子的吸附与解吸附

采用厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中的Pb2+进行了吸附和解吸附研究. 结果表明,影响Pb2+吸附的主要因素是溶液pH、污泥投加量、Pb2+的初始浓度及接触时间. 处理25 mL Pb2+浓度为100 mg/L的(pH 4~5)模拟废水时,投加0.1 g污泥,污泥吸附容量为121.1 mg/g,对废水中Pb2+的吸附率可达99.5%. 未经烘干处理的颗粒污泥有更强的吸附能力,其吸附过程符合Lagergren二级动力学方程,吸附等温线可由Langmuir和Freundlich方程很好地拟合,相关性良好. 吸附Pb2+后的厌氧颗粒污泥用0.1 mol/L硝酸经3次解吸后,解吸率可达93.11%.     

紫罗兰酮合成方法的研究

本文评述了几种紫罗兰酮的合成路线，尤其对缩合剂和环化剂的选择以及缩合反应和环化反应作了初步的讨论。     

从山苍子油直接合成α－紫罗兰酮

本文改进了山苍子油合成α－紫罗兰酮的方法。在缩合反应中直接用固体氢氧化钠作缩合剂，反应３小时，假紫罗兰酮产率达９２．８７％；在环化反应中直接以未经真空分馏的假紫罗兰酮粗品为原料，加入苯作溶剂，反应１．５小时，α－紫罗兰酮产率达８７．８７％。     

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution with Modified Bentonite

Bentonite combined with sawdust and other metallic compounds was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions in this study. The adsorption characteristics of phosphate on the modified bentonite were investigated, including the effects of temperature, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of phosphate and pH on removal of phosphate by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that 98% removal rate of phosphate was obtained since sawdust and bentonite used in this investigation were abundantly and locally available. It is concluded that modified bentonite is a relatively efficient, low cost and easily available adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.     

固体废弃物预处理中药制药废水的实验研究

采用固体废弃物(铁屑和炉渣)预处理中药制药废水,并以COD去除率和脱色率为指标考察其处理效果。考察了废水pH值、试剂投加量、反应时间等对COD去除率及脱色率的影响,确定了最适工艺条件。结果表明,在弱酸性条件下内电解处理效果较好;加入适量的H2O2可明显提高对COD和色度的去除效果;内电解处理后投加适量的石灰乳对废水的COD去除和脱色均有利。废水预处理的最适工艺条件为:常温下,废水的pH为5.0~6.5,铁屑加入量为60 g/L,炉渣加入量为100 g/L,H2O2加入量为20 mL/L,反应30 min后,加入石灰乳(16 mL/L)调节pH至9。在此条件下,废水COD去除率及脱色率可分别达到73%和96%以上,而且处理成本较低。     

用山苍子油直接合成α－紫罗兰酮

改进了山苍子油合成α－紫罗兰酮的方法，在缩合反应中直接用固体氢氧化钠作缩合剂，反应３ｈ，假紫罗兰酮产率达９２．８７％；在环化反应中以未经真空分馏的假紫罗兰酮粗品为原料，加入苯作溶剂，反应１．５ｈ，α－紫罗兰酮产率达８７．８７％。