面向资源的RESTful Web应用研究

作为Web应用技术的探索与实践,提出了面向资源的RESTful Web应用设计思路.通过对Rails框架下RESTful Web的实现原理进行分析,从资源的规划、控制器的设计、模型的建立、表间关联以及RESTful URI的设计等方面对RESTful Web应用进行了研究,给出了Rails框架下RESTful Web应用的开发步骤.最后,通过一个实例实现了面向资源的RESTful Web应用.这种基于资源的设计将所有功能转化为资源,完全打破了传统的基于动作的设计思路,同时说明了REST思想从Web服务到Web应用是可行的.     

Web Services技术及其在电子政务中的应用研究

Web Services是一种面向服务的体系结构,其优势在于跨平台互操作性和软件复用.电子政务是一个综合的信息系统.文中对Web Services的体系结构、关键技术和分类进行了探讨,提出了基于Web Services的电子政务框架结构,从而证实了Web Services为政府间进行信息数据交换提供了强大的技术支撑.     

关于改进Web Services调用机制的研究

现行的Web Services技术的服务调用过程是基于XML的SOAP协议.随着Web Services应用范围的扩展,对其服务性能提出了更高的要求,但由于XML的自身特性,限制了Web Services作为分布式计算技术在事务级领域的应用.首先概述了Web services的总体框架,然后基于Web Services的性能评判标准,分析了Web Services的性能现状,并结合EJB技术、数字证书技术和紧耦合集成技术,从系统调用机制角度对Web Services加以改进.最后阐述了改进调用机制的特点和适用范围.     

基于Rails的RESTful Web Service研究与实现

随着Web 服务的快速发展,基于REST(Representational State Transfer)风格的Web Service越来越受到业界的关注.在实现RESTful Web Service的众多框架中,Rails完整实现了MVC并对RESTful Web Service的开发作了极大的封装和简化,使得开发人员用Rails实现RESTful Web Service变得容易.对RESTful Web Service特征和Rails框架结构进行了概述,分析了Rails实现RESTful Web Service的原理,在此基础上结合实例给出了基于Rails的RESTful Web Service以及RESTful Web Service客户端的开发步骤和方法,并且利用Ruby进行了实现.     

Web Services安全性方案及实现

该文主要探讨了Web Services的安全性问题以及解决方案。简要介绍了Web Services安全技术,提出了实现Web Services安全性的具体实现方案:包括利用用户名/密码来设定访问权限;对客户端IP地址进行过滤;以及使用加密数据传输方式来实现Web Services的安全。     

一种Web Services QOS属性描述模型

随着Web Services的应用日趋广泛,Web Services的服务质量(QoS)成为了关注重点,如何清晰、全面地描述Web Services的QoS信息成为了有效选择、使用及管理Web Services的关键.本文通过分析现有的Web Services QoS方面的研究工作,给出了一个用于描述Web Services QoS的属性模型,并给出了相应的应用实例.     

工作流管理系统的Web Services协议分析

工作流管理系统是实现业务过程管理的重要工具。工作流系统以Web Services方式运行，需要有语义清晰的Web Services协议支持。文中从分析Web Services的技术屡次人手，详细讨论了Wf-XML协议的技术基础及其特点。最后总结了Wf-XML作为工作流系统的Web Services协议的优势和不足之处。     

中医药信息资源共享的Web服务解决方案

针对中医药行业信息化建设中信息孤岛问题,提出了应用RESTful Web服务技术的有效解决方案.依据国家科学数据共享工程中对中医药行业的分类和编码,对中医药信息进行资源定义.为实现中医药行业资源的共享与整合创建注册中心,对中医药资源注册与发布.通过研究Restlet架构,构建了一个初步的基于RESTful Web服务技术的中医药信息系统,实现信息的分布式检索与共享.还需进一步研究如何对数据资源进行整合.     

利用．NET实现Web Services在Web中的应用

Web Services是一种全新的组件技术,XML是它的技术基础。主要介绍了Web Services的关键技术和实现Web Services技术的主要协议:XML、SOAP、WSDL和UDDI,以及基于.NET平台对Web Services组件的实现和应用。     

基于Axis的Web Services在SLA服务管理系统中的应用

本论文针对目前流行的基于Axis的Web Services技术进行了通用性的描述，包括Axis的架构、组件、部署描述符等；然后介绍了使用Axis的Web Services在国家863项目SLA服务管理系统中的应用，具体包括Server端、Client端Web Services的导入、导出以及发布、部署等。     

Composing RESTful Services and Collaborative Workflows: A Lightweight Approach

The use of RESTful Web services has gained momentum in the development of distributed applications based on traditional Web standards such as HTTP. In particular, these services can integrate easily into various applications, such as mashups. Composing RESTful services into Web-scale workflows requires a lightweight composition language that's capable of describing both the control and data flow that constitute a workflow. The authors address these issues with Bite, a lightweight and extensible composition language that enables the creation of Web-scale workflows and uses RESTful services as its main composable entities.     

Visual modeling of RESTful conversations with RESTalk

The cost savings introduced by Web services through code reuse and integration opportunities have motivated many businesses to develop Web APIs, with ever increasing numbers opting for the REST architectural style. RESTful Web APIs are decomposed in multiple resources, which the client can manipulate through HTTP interactions with well-defined semantics. Getting the resource in the desired state might require multiple client–server interactions, what we define as a RESTful conversation. RESTful conversations are dynamically guided by hypermedia controls, such as links. Thus, when deciding whether and how to use a given RESTful service, the client might not be aware of all the interactions which are necessary to achieve its goal. This is because existing documentation of RESTful APIs describes the static structure of the interface, exposing low-level HTTP details, while little attention has been paid to conceptual, high-level, modeling of the dynamics of RESTful conversations. Low-level HTTP details can be abstracted from during the design phase of the API, or when deciding which API to use. We argue that, in these situations, visual models of the required client–server interactions might increase developers’ efficiency and facilitate their understanding. Thus, to capture all possible interaction sequences in a given RESTful conversation, we propose RESTalk, an extension to the BPMN Choreography diagrams to render them more concise and yet sufficiently expressive in the specific REST domain. We also report on the results obtained from an exploratory survey we have conducted to assess the maturity of the field for a domain-specific language and to obtain feedback for future improvements of RESTalk.     

StoRHm: a protocol adapter for mapping SOAP based Web Services to RESTful HTTP format

A protocol adapter ideally suited to enable enterprises to gradually transition from SOAP Web Services to RESTful HTTP Web Services without impacting existing clients is presented in this paper. The inherent advantage of such a transition is the visibility of RESTful HTTP messages to Web intermediaries such as caches. In contrast, SOAP messages are opaque, which disables Web intermediaries. While both approaches can use HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for message transfer, the paradigms contrast sharply. SOAP uses an interface specific approach whereas RESTful HTTP uses a Uniform Interface approach. SOAP marks up its payload with eXtensible Markup Language (XML) whereas in certain situations RESTful HTTP requires no XML. We present the disadvantages of the SOAP approach and outline how the RESTful HTTP approach solves these issues. We present results showing opaque SOAP messages transformed into transparent RESTful HTTP messages. We present StoRHm (SOAP to RESTful HTTP mapping), a protocol adapter which maps SOAP messages to RESTful HTTP format.     

表述性状态转移网络服务平台的研究及实施

电子商务的蓬勃发展使得越来越多的采购商们倾向于利用互联网络进行采购。然而,尽管大部分商业网站都提供了详细周全的产品查询功能,但是当采购商们需要查询大量产品,譬如电子产品元器件,来进行采购时,往往费时费力。而网页这种适宜人类用户进行查询浏览的界面形式并不适合程序来自动处理,一个原因就是网页结构的变化会影响网页数据的抽取过程。本文利用网络服务的思想,使数据抽取通过网站提供的独立于网页的服务来完成,从而避免网页结构变化的影响。在剖析了表述性状态转移面向资源以及对资源进行操作的统一接口特性后,本文指出表述性状态转移用于网络服务的优势。基于这种思想,利用CXF框架和Spring技术构建一个表述性状态转移风格的服务平台,该平台向客户提供查询电子产品信息的网络服务。在此服务支持下,客户端程序可以利用XML解析工具方便地抽取所需要的数据信息。     

Formalization and analysis of the REST architecture from the process algebra perspective

As one of the most promising architectural styles, REpresentational State Transfer (REST) was proposed to support a scalable and reliable design for large-scale distributed hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web (WWW). However, the rapid development of RESTful systems brings the misunderstanding and misapplying of the REST architecture. As a consequence, considerable confusions about REST exist and many examples of supposedly RESTful applications violate key REST constraints. Thus, it is of significant importance to give a better and explicit understanding of REST architecture to guide the design and implementations of RESTful systems.In this paper, we give a formalization and analysis of the REST architecture from the perspective of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), which is one of the most famous process algebras. In particular, we present a formal model to capture essential features for the REST architecture, where components (together with one connector) of RESTful systems are modeled as CSP processes. Besides, resources are also abstracted as CSP processes. Furthermore, all the REST constraints, including Client–Server, Cacheable, Stateless, Uniform Interface, Layered and Code-On-Demand, are described in our framework and implemented in the model checker Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT) to check whether a system breaks REST constraints or not. It is difficult to ensure that a system is RESTful system, because many unRESTful systems may also contain unRESTful properties besides satisfying the six REST constraints. Thus, a complementary approach is proposed in this paper to check the system from a different perspective; that is, if a system breaks any specification of the REST constraints, then it is not a RESTful system. Finally, to show the feasibility of our approach, we illustrate a case study about an application scenario for environment monitoring. One feature of the proposed framework for the REST architecture is that it not only confines to HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) but can also be applied to other REST-compliant protocols, e.g., Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Consequently, through the general framework, a better understanding of the REST architecture can be achieved, and moreover, implementations and designs of RESTful systems can benefit from it.     

Daios: Efficient Dynamic Web Service Invocation

Systems based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm must be able to bind to arbitrary Web services at runtime. However, current service frameworks are predominantly used through precompiled service-access components, which are invariably hard-wired to a specific service provider. The Dynamic and Asynchronous Invocation of Services framework is a message-based service framework that supports SOA implementation, allowing dynamic invocation of SOAP/WSDL-based and RESTful services. It abstracts from the target service's internals, decoupling clients from the services they use.     

基于REST面向资源的企业集成平台框架

为解决异构环境下企业信息系统业务过程整合的问题,提出一种基于REST面向资源的企业信息集成平台框架模型,其中包括适应工作流的资源模型表征方法、支持工作流的资源应用机制以及基于RESTful Web Service的集成平台框架,通过一个实例验证该原型系统的可行性和正确性,该集成平台框架模型可以满足企业业务过程整合的需求。     

基于REST的图形标绘服务系统技术研究

Web服务已经在图形标绘系统的服务化中得到应用,目前所实现的基于SOAP的图形标绘服务系统能够为不同的客户端提供服务,但是移动设备由于其有限的计算能力、有限的内存空间和有限的通信带宽,在充当SOAP服务的客户端时,性能会受到影响。为此,本文对RESTful这种轻量级的Web服务进行研究,与SOAP的图形标绘系统进行比较,论证改善其性能的可行性,搭建满足REST架构风格的原型。实验表明,经过改造的图形标绘系统,大大缩短了移动终端请求服务的响应时间,提高了客户端应用的性能,能够较好满足性能需求。     

Distributed simulation of DEVS and Cell-DEVS models using the RISE middleware

With the expansion of the Web, the desire toward global cooperation in the distributed simulation technology has also been on the rise. However, since current distributed simulation interoperability methods are coupled with system implementations, they place constraints on enhancing interoperability and synchronization algorithms. To enhance simulation interoperability on the Web, we implemented the RISE (RESTful Interoperability Simulation Environment) middleware, the first existing simulation middleware to be based on RESTful Web-services (WS). RISE is a general middleware that serves as a container to hold different simulation environments without being specific to a certain environment. RISE can hold heterogeneous simulations, and it exposes them as services via the Web. One of such services is called Distributed CD++ (DCD++) simulation system, an extension of the CD++ core engine that allows executing DEVS and Cell-DEVS models. Here, we introduce a proof-of-concept design and implementation of DCD++ using the distributed simulation using the RISE environment. We show how the RESTful WS interoperability style in RISE has improved the design, implementation and the performance of the DCD++ simulator. We also discuss a substantial performance improvement of the implementation of the RISE-based DCD++ presented here, showing many advantages of the RESTful WS presented here: improved interoperability, a seamless method to be connected into a cloud computing environment, and performance improvement when compared to our SOAP-based DCD++ in a similar testing environment.