国产碳-11多功能模块全自动化合成~(11)C-乙酸盐

采用国产碳-11多功能合成模块,研究全自动化合成11 C-乙酸盐的工艺流程。用0.1mL 1.5mol/L的溴化甲基镁在Loop环中与11 C-CO2反应生成中间体乙酰溴化镁,中间体由乙酸水解,再经纯化、洗脱、盐酸酸化,通入氮气除去未反应的11 C-CO2,以磷酸三钠中和后过无菌滤膜得11 C-乙酸盐注射液。总合成时间约为10min,校正放化产率为(58.5±6.7)%,放化纯度大于99%。使用气相色谱仪测得产品中有机溶剂丙酮和乙腈的残留浓度分别为(0.007±0.002)%和(0.005±0.002)%。整个合成过程实现全自动化,操作简单、灵活,合成产率和放化纯度较高,可以满足临床使用需求。     

Optimization of the Radiosynthesis of the Dopamine Transporter Imaging Agent of11C-β-CFT

The optimization for high synthesis yield was designed with ¹¹C-Triflate-CH₃I as methylation agent for dopamine transporter imaging agent of¹¹C-β-CFT. The influence factors of the synthesis process were discussed, and the optimum synthetic conditions were established. In the paper, the study showed that the amount of precursor, the irradiation time, eluated condition, the reaction solvent etc could effect the synthetic efficiency.¹¹C-β-CFT was automatic synthesized on PET-CM-3H-IT-Ⅰ with the optimum process conditions as the irradiation time 10-24 minutes, 0.5-1.0 g/L of precursor in 0.2 mL acetone: acetonitrile(1∶1, V∶V) and room temperature. We obtained a radiochemical yield of (76.93±6.49)% (n=76,¹¹C-Triflate-CH₃ EOB). The radiochemical purity of final products were over 97%. The specific activities of final products were over （56.26±1.55） TBq/g. It took 16 minutes from¹¹C-CO₂ to¹¹C-β-CFT and the radio activity of¹¹C-β-CFT were (8.07±1.94) GBq (n=76). By optimization of the technological conditions, the target product was suitable for clinical, the synthetic process was reliable and full automated, the product yield was improved and the residual problem of Sep-Pak C18 was resloved.     

~(11)C标记雷氯必利合成效率的影响因素

本文以11 C-Triflate-CH3为甲基化试剂,使用国产模块PET-CM-3H-IT-I合成11 C标记化合物雷氯必利(11 C-Raclopride),研究其合成过程中的碱量、溶剂、反应温度、前体量及产品淋洗条件对合成效率的影响,优化11 C-Raclopride的合成条件。优化后的合成条件为:以0.2mL丙酮为溶剂,前体浓度1.5~3.0g/L,反应温度为室温(25℃),碱量0.30~1.25eq,11 C-Raclopride的合成效率(64.82±4.74)%(n=46,以11 C-Triflate-CH3计校正效率),产品的放化纯度大于97%,比活度为(423.61±13.43)GBq/g,从收集11 C-CO2至得到11 C-Raclopride终产品的总合成时间为23 min,产量(6.9±0.87)GBq(n=46)。通过优化合成工艺,实现了稳定性和重复性良好的全自动化合成11C-Raclopride,且产品满足临床使用需要。     

18F-FDG放射化学纯度分析方法的建立及方法不确定度的评定

建立了¹⁸F-FDG放射化学纯度的分析方法。以丙酮-水（体积比为50∶20）为展开剂,用2%KAlSO₄溶液处理的Whatman No.1纸为固定相, ¹⁸F^-的R_f＝0,¹⁸F-FDG的R_f＝0.78,方法的相对标准偏差小于1%。本方法简便、快速,适用于¹⁸F-FDG注射液的放射化学纯度分析。对放射化学纯度分析方法的不确定度进行了初步评定,本方法的扩展不确定度u＝0.199 1,u由合成不确定度u_c＝0.095 00及包含因子k＝2.096而得。     

18F-硝基咪唑的放化稳定性

研究了乏氧显像剂¹⁸F-硝基咪唑（¹⁸F-FMISO）的全自动化合成方法，分析了影响¹⁸F-FMISO放化稳定性的因素。采用回旋加速器生产出来的¹⁸F^-，传输到住友CFN-MPS200合成装置中，经QMA柱捕获后淋洗到反应管，两次干燥除去水分，再与乙腈溶解的10 mg 1-（2’-硝基-1’-咪唑基）-2-氧-四氢呋喃基-3-氧-甲苯磺酰基-丙二醇（NITTP）进行亲核取代反应。反应液用盐酸水解后加缓冲溶液中和，进入制备型高效液相进行分离。流动相采用φ=15%的乙腈水溶液，流速3 mL/min，保留时间11 min。用旋转蒸发仪脱除溶剂，再用生理盐水溶解加入稳定剂得到18F-FMISO注射液。考察了不同活度、稳定剂、旋蒸温度对产品放化稳定性的影响，结果表明，不校正合成效率（EOS）为(45±5)%（n=20），合成时间50 min，在抗坏血酸钠做为稳定剂的情况下，6 h后产品的放化纯度为95%；而抗坏血酸和乙醇不能在50 ℃以上作为稳定剂。¹⁸F-FMISO可以用CFN-MPS200合成模块全自动化合成，产品收率较高，工艺稳定，¹⁸F-FMISO在弱碱溶液中稳定性好，为肿瘤的乏氧显像提供了临床便利。     

Full Automated Synthesis of18F-FDOPA and Preliminary PET/CT Imaging

¹⁸F-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (¹⁸F-FDOPA) as a dopamine neurotransmitter imaging agent has been widely used for diagnosis and therapy evaluation of Parkinson's disease, brain tumors and neuroendocrine diseases with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in clinical setting and research. To meet the increasing clinical demand in oncology and neurology, a routine protocol for the automated synthesis of¹⁸F-FDOPA with a disposable cassette system on an imported multifunctional synthesizer was studied and discussed.¹⁸F-FDOPA was automatically synthesized via a multiple-step reaction, including fluorination, reduction, iodization alkylation and hydrolysis, following purification by using a semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system which was built in the multifunctional synthesizer. After HPLC purification, the purified¹⁸F-FDOPA solution was collected and passed through a sterilizing filter into a collection bottle. The final¹⁸F-FDOPA injection was obtained for quality control (QC) determination. The QC indexes of the final products were detected： the injection was colorless and transparent, pH value was at 4 to 5.5, radiochemical purity >98%, radionuclide purity >99%, specific activity >1.9 GBq/μmol, K_2.2.2 content <50 mg/L, methanol content <0.01%, alcohol content <0.01%, dichloromethane content <0.01 mg/L, dimethylformamide content <15 mg/L, bacterial endotoxin test <0.100 EU/mL, sterility test 0 cfu/mL,and abnormal toxicity test was negative. PET/CT imaging of rats was performed by intravenous injection of¹⁸F-FDOPA half an hour after the intraperitoneal injection of carbidopa, PET/CT scan was performed after 100 min post-injection. The imaging of¹⁸F-FDOPA showed symmetry high uptake in the bilateral striatum of normal rats. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield of¹⁸F-FDOPA from the¹⁸F-fluoride was (63.1±3.8)% (n=10) at the end of synthesis (EOS), the radiochemical purity was no less than 98%, and the total radiosynthesis time was within 80 min. The quality control results demonstrated that the quality indexes of the final injection solution met the relevant requirements of radiopharmaceutlcals, which were well-suited for clinical application. An efficient and high reproducible automatic method for the radiosynthesis of¹⁸F-FDOPA with high radiochemical yields and good radiochemical purity is obtained and performed via a multi-step reaction on the multifunctional synthesizer.¹⁸F-FDOPA can be used for animal and human PET imaging.     

氟［18F］比他班自动化合成及初步临床应用

氟［¹⁸F］比他班（¹⁸F-florbetaben）是美国FDA于2014年批准上市的β-淀粉样蛋白显像剂,主要用于诊断阿尔茨海默病（AD）或其他认知障碍疾病。本研究使用改良后的国产氟多功能模块,建立¹⁸F-florbetaben自动化生产工艺,并针对其临床应用效果进行初步验证。结果显示,¹⁸F-florbetaben自动化合成耗时38 min,不校正合成效率为（45.0±2.3）%（n=6）,放化纯度大于95%,其临床PET显像效果理想。结果表明,国产氟多功能模块可实现¹⁸F-florbetaben的自动化生产,且工艺可靠,合成时间短。本文研究成果有助于推动该显像剂的国内临床使用。     

国产FDG模块半自动合成~(18)F-氟乙基胆碱

18F-氟乙基胆碱(18F-FECH)是18F-FDG的重要补充,在脑瘤转移和前列腺癌及转移的诊断方面有重要的应用价值。利用国产单次PET-FDG-TI-I CPCU型FDG合成模块,未改变硬件,通过更改试剂与耗材,半自动合成18F-FECH,并在产品收集瓶前增加C18纯化柱,减少K2.2.2杂质的含量。合成时间约30min,放化产率42.0%(未时间校正,n=5),放置6h后放化纯度99.0%,体外稳定性良好;合成时间和产率与国内外模块结果相近。结果表明,在国产单次PET-FDG-TI-I CPCU型FDG模块上可半自动合成18F-FECH,合成效率及放化纯度较高。     

99Tcm-MAG3-RRL肿瘤靶向肽的标记和性质鉴定

将具有肿瘤靶向性的精氨酸-精氨酸-亮氨酸（RRL）多肽与双功能螯合剂MAG₃相连，摸索其螯合⁹⁹Tc^m的适宜标记条件并评价探针的体外稳定性。标记利用SnCl₂还原法进行⁹⁹Tc^m标记，对影响标记的主要变量因素分别进行探究以获得适宜标记条件，采用纸层析法测定标记率和放射化学纯度。实验所得MAG₃-RRL纯度为98.94%，适宜标记条件下，标记率为93.67%±1.10%，纯化后放射化学纯度为94.32%±0.19%（n=3）。⁹⁹Tc^m-MAG₃-RRL在生理盐水和50%牛血清白蛋白（BSA）中放置，6 h内放射化学纯度均大于90%（n=3），在半胱氨酸溶液中的最高置换率为0.57%±0.21%，生理盐水对照为0.41%±0.04%（n=3，P＞0.05）。⁹⁹Tc^m-MAG₃-RRL的脂水分配系数为lg P=-0.15±0.01（n=3）。结果表明：MAG3可成功连接RRL多肽，并能进一步提高标记率；探针制备方法简单快速，体外稳定性好，为进一步的生物学实验提供了良好的基础。     

Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Novel 18F-labeled Phosphonuim Cation for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with PET

In order to develop new PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent, a novel¹⁸F labeled phosphonium cation: (3-(［¹⁸F］fluoromethyl)benzyl) tris (2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium salt, ¹⁸F-2, had been designed and prepared. Biological evaluation of¹⁸F-2 had been performed in Kunming normal mice.¹⁸F-2 was obtained by a simple one-pot method and the radiochemical yield was (31±3)%. The total radio-synthesis time was less than 60 min and the radiochemical purity of final radiotracer was more than 95%. The biodistribution of¹⁸F-2 displayed a high heart uptake and good retention. The heart uptake of¹⁸F-2 at 5 and 60 min post-injection were (53.88±7.45)%ID/g and (23.93±3.28)%ID/g, respectively.¹⁸F-2 exhibited low radio-accumulation in non-target tissues and rapid clearance in liver, lung and blood. The heart to liver, heart to lungs and heart to blood ratio values were 3.99, 3.80 and 9.17, respectively. The results indicated that¹⁸F-2 could be as a promising myocardial perfusion imaging agent for PET imaging.     

医用裂变99Mo分离纯化工艺中131I-和131IO-3的去除

为评价已建立的裂变⁹⁹Mo分离纯化工艺，即AgNO₃沉淀法、α-安息香肟沉淀法、阴离子交换色层法与活性炭色层法联用工艺流程，对放射性碘的去除效果，本研究以¹³¹I为放射性示踪剂，研究两种不同放射性碘化学形态¹³¹I^-与¹³¹IO^-₃在⁹⁹Mo分离纯化工艺中的行为及其去除效果。结果表明，对于¹³¹I^-，AgNO₃沉淀能够去除模拟溶液中98.2%¹³¹I^-，α-安息香肟沉淀法分离⁹⁹Mo工艺能够去除97.9%¹³¹I^-，AG1-×8树脂上阴离子与I-发生交换可以除去Mo样品中99.9%的¹³¹I^-，活性炭色层法通过吸附作用除去75%的¹³¹I^-，最终¹³¹I^-的累积去污系数为1.90×10⁶，¹³¹I^-的去除率大于99.99%。对于¹³¹IO^-₃，加入AgNO₃对其去除没有影响，ɑ-安息香肟沉淀法能除去99%以上的¹³¹IO^-₃，AG1-×8树脂上阴离子与¹³¹IO^-₃发生交换可以除去Mo样品中99.9%的¹³¹IO^-₃，活性炭色层法能除去约70%¹³¹IO^-₃，最终¹³¹IO^-₃的累积去污系数为2.52×10⁵，¹³¹IO^-₃的去除率大于99.99%。已建立的裂变⁹⁹Mo分离纯化工艺流程对¹³¹I^-与¹³¹IO^-₃均具有出色的去除效果。     

LOOP环改良法全自动化制备11C-胆碱

为研究国产¹¹C-多功能合成模块经LOOP环法合成放射性药物［N-甲基-¹¹C］胆碱(¹¹C-Choline，¹¹C-CH)的合成方法，对碱当量、溶剂效应及前体量等影响因素进行研究，优化LOOP环法合成¹¹C-CH的合成工艺。¹¹C-CH的优化条件：前体量为60~150 uL，无碱无溶剂，室温与¹¹C-CH₃I反应。此条件下¹¹C-CH的合成效率为(72.16±2.96）%(n=19, ¹¹C-CH₃I未校正效率)，产品的放化纯度均大于95%，产量为(7.59±1.54) GBq(n=19)。国产¹¹C-多功能合成模块LOOP环法合成¹¹C-CH与C18柱固相法进行比较表明，LOOP环可以多次重复利用，降低生产成本，提高合成效率，实现稳定、全自动化合成¹¹C-CH，产品满足临床需求。     

堆芯混凝土样品中~(63)Ni的分析测量

为建立堆芯混凝土材料中~(63)Ni活度测量的方法,进行了溶样方法的确定、淋洗曲线的绘制、液闪测量效率的确定、回收率实验、去污实验及空白实验等方面的研究工作。混凝土样品磨至粒径小于0.074mm,用混合酸(V(HNO_3)∶V(HClO_4)∶V(HF)=3∶2∶1)进行溶解,再通过阴离子交换分离、氢氧化物沉淀及萃取和反萃等样品纯化程序去除杂质离子后,用液体闪烁能谱仪测量其中~(63)Ni的活度。该方法的化学回收率为73.05%,放化回收率为71.99%,通过空白实验得出计数的标准偏差为0.200/s,相对标准偏差为12.8%(n=12),方法检出限为3.596Bq/g。该方法可应用于堆内混凝土材料及非堆材料中63 Ni的常规监测及应急监测。     

Synthesis of 11C-CIC for PET Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system. Imaging of myelin tracts in vivo would greatly improve the diagnosis and monitoring of MS. The ¹¹C-CIC was synthesized with¹¹C-CH₃-Triflate at high yields, and was confirmed by biodistribution and imaging. ¹¹C-CH₃-Triflate was distilled and trapped into a reaction vial containing the 2 mg precursor. The final production was purified by semi-HPLC to get¹¹C-CIC. The in vitro stability of¹¹C-CIC was studied at RT with or without Vc. The normal NH mice were sacrificed at different time after injection of¹¹C-CIC for biodistribution. The micro PET/CT was performed at 30 min post-injection. The radiochemical yield was 55% 65% decay corrected to¹¹CH₃-Triflate. The radiochemical purity was over 99% at specific activity of 60 GBq/μmoL. The HPLC showed the poor stability of¹¹C-CIC in vitro. The¹¹C-CIC was very stable after the 10 g/L Vc used as stabilizer. The initial uptake of the cerebrum was 2.78%ID/g. The radioactivity were excreted from the digestive system and urine. The micro PET/CT imaging showed good uptake in the cerebrum. The stability of¹¹C-CIC can be improved with Vc as stabilizer. The¹¹C-CIC was a candidate for imaging of myelin tracts for diagnosis or monitor MS.     

同位素标记原儿茶酸-(13COOH)的合成研究

设计了以3,4-二甲氧基溴苯为原料，经格利雅反应制备得到格式试剂，通入¹³C标记的¹³CO₂气体，制备得中间体3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸-（¹³COOH）。将中间体用BBr₃脱除甲基后得到粗产品，粗产品再经过活性炭脱色，冷却结晶得到原儿茶酸-（¹³COOH）。设计的合成路线操作简单，工艺流程短，副产物少，收率可达45%，¹³C同位素丰度稀释低。产物经HPLC、MS、¹H-NMR 和¹³C NMR表征，结果表明：制备的原儿茶酸-（¹³COOH）化学纯度＞99%，¹³C同位素丰度＞98%，作为重要的示踪剂，可为医药和化工领域研究提供基础。     

CS-30回旋加速器制备111In

在四川大学CS-30回旋加速器上通过核反应^NatCd（p,xn）¹¹¹In进行了制备放射性核素¹¹¹In的研究。实验选用高纯度的天然镉作为靶材料,并采用电沉积法制备靶件,研究了辐照靶件的溶解以及放射化学分离方法。结果表明,采用26 MeV的质子轰击天然靶件,并采用CL-P204树脂将In与Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺等杂质进行分离,可以得到产额（EOB 48 h,即轰击结束48 h后）约为25~28 MBq/（μA•h）的¹¹¹In,其放射性核素纯度大于99%,Cu²⁺和Cd²⁺等化学杂质总质量浓度小于8.0 mg/L。     

采用钙镁共沉淀和二氧化锰沉淀浓集进行大体积水中Pu的分析

采用沉淀浓集-离子交换方法对大体积水中Pu分析方法进行了实验研究。浓集过程采用了MnO₂沉淀、Ca-Mg共沉淀两种方案,水样体积为25 L时,两种沉淀法对钚分析的全程放化回收率均可达到70%左右,MnO₂沉淀法对于50 L以上水样回收率下降。Ca-Mg共沉淀法对100 L水样的全程放化回收率为63.5%~80.2%,平均值为(74.6±5.9)%(n=7),对^239+240Pu的最小可探测限为3.1 μBq/L(体积V=100 L,回收率Y=74.6%,测量时间t=72 h)。某实际淡水样品中^239+240Pu含量为9.32~15.6 μBq/L,取样体积为100 L时没有出现低于探测限的结果。     

基于C30加速器的64Cu核素制备工艺

64Cu是目前应用十分广泛的放射性核素,主要用于PET诊断。本文基于C30加速器对⁶⁴Cu核素的制备工艺进行研究。制靶靶片为金属铜材质,在靶片表面镀金膜,以保护铜基底。镀金完成后用HCl和H₂O₂浸泡镀金层以去除金属杂质,用脉冲电镀法电镀富集⁶⁴Ni层。将靶片转移至C30加速器固体靶站进行辐照,束流能量为15.5 MeV。将辐照后的靶片转移至分离纯化热室。在溶靶槽中加入6 mol/L HCl和30%H2O2溶靶,使用AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂分离纯化,最终获得⁶⁴Cu核素。分别测定64Cu的放射性核纯度、放射化学纯度、金属杂质含量等质量指标。待收集的64Ni溶液衰变完全后,使用AG1-X8树脂回收。检验结果显示,富集64Ni厚度约8.5～16.3 mg/cm²,⁶⁴Cu产能大于37 GBq,产额可达180～250 MBq/(μA·h),放射性核纯度大于99.9%,放射化学纯度大于97.0%,金属杂质含量均小于0.5 μg/GBq。⁶⁴Cu制备工艺稳定、质量可控,达到了规模化生产水平,为⁶⁴Cu相关药物的研究与开发提供了稳定可靠的核素来源。     

18F-标记苯乙烯基氮杂环化合物的制备

为制备［¹⁸F］Florbetapir、¹⁸F-SPy5、¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5，以［¹⁸F］Florbetapir放化合成过程为代表，对甲苯磺酰氧基（OTs）为离去基团，通过亲和取代反应进行¹⁸F标记，考察前体化合物溶液的浓度、反应时间、反应温度对标记率的影响，确定优化条件，在此条件下对其他苯乙烯基氮杂环化合物进行¹⁸F标记，脱除叔丁氧羰基（Boc）保护，放化合成［¹⁸F］Florbetapir、¹⁸F-SPy5、¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5，产物均经C18柱分离和半制备HPLC纯化，并进行质量检验，考察基本理化性质、放化纯度、化学纯度和比活度。结果表明，¹⁸F标记优化条件为前体溶液浓度1 g/L，反应温度120 ℃，反应时间10 min，该条件下制备得到［¹⁸F］Florbetapir、¹⁸F-SPy5、¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5制剂溶液，均无色澄清透明，pH为7~8，放化纯度均>99%，化学纯度均>98%，比活度均为1.09×10⁷~5.11×10⁷ MBq/g。表明亲和取代反应是¹⁸F标记的有效方法，在选择的条件下能够制备［¹⁸F］Florbetapir、¹⁸F-SPy5、¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5，产物的各项质量指标满足实验研究需要，相关放化合成工艺稳定可靠。     

18F标记的苯乙烯基嘧啶类Aβ显像剂的制备与初步生物评价

为研发新型Aβ正电子显像剂,设计合成对甲苯磺酰氧基取代的苯乙烯基嘧啶化合物Boc-SPm2-OTs和Boc-SPm5-OTs,并通过亲核取代反应进行¹⁸F标记,得到¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5,放化纯度均大于99%。¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5均具有适宜的亲脂性（LogP=1~2.5）,在生理盐水中可稳定存在3 h以上,能选择性结合Aβ,但其亲和性较弱（K_i分别为246.6 nmol/L和318.2 nmol/L）,体内生物分布实验表明,两者初始脑放射性摄取均相对较高,但正常脑组织清除较慢,而且存在明显脱氟现象。初步的研究结果表明,¹⁸F-SPm2和¹⁸F-SPm5不是理想的Aβ显像剂,需要进行进一步的结构修饰以克服其缺点。