超滤-反渗透组合工艺处理稀土冶炼废水

采用混凝沉淀-超滤和反渗透膜集成技术处理稀土冶炼废水,考察了各处理单元及集成系统对污染物的去除效率;采用不同的化学试剂对污染膜进行清洗,评价了膜通量的恢复效果。结果表明,膜集成技术能有效处理和降低废水中的污染物,混凝-超滤能去除废水中的大部分有机物、浊度和重金属,反渗透可以进一步去除废水中的氨氮和其它污染物,膜集成系统对废水COD、NH_4~+-N、浊度、Zn、Cu和Pb的整体去除效率分别为95.3%、80.6%、99.2%、98.3%、95.3%和96.0%。处理过程中,会产生严重的膜污染尤其是反渗透膜。膜污染以氯化铵盐等无机污染为主,采用稀盐酸清洗对污染膜的恢复效果优于氢氧化钠、次氯酸钠和EDTA。     

反渗透技术在废水处理中应用的研究进展

反渗透技术是一种高效、易操作的液体分离技术,同传统的废水处理方法相比具有处理效果好,可实现废水的循环利用和对有用物质回收等优点。文章简要介绍了反渗透技术的基本原理,重点介绍了反渗透技术在垃圾渗滤液、矿区污水、钢铁工业废水、电厂废水处理中的应用研究进展状况。并讨论了反渗透膜技术的预处理、反渗透膜污染及清洗和反渗透技术的发展前景。     

反渗透膜的清洗

反渗透膜过滤技术是一种高效、低能和易操作的液体分离技术,同传统的水处理方法相比具有处理效果好,可实现海水淡化、废水的循环利用和对有用物质回收等优点。30年来取得了令人瞩目的飞速发展,已广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。反渗透膜已广泛应用于水工业中,运行中的膜必然受到污染。膜的污染也因各地水源水质不同,预处理工艺和效果不同而复杂化,膜的清洗成为应用中的一个难题。本文对含盐废水处理系统反渗透膜的污染和清洗进行了分析和讨论。     

反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗

反渗透膜的污染是反渗透系统应用中最大的问题之一，及时的化学清洗可有效地恢复反渗透膜的性能、延长其使用寿命。对反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗方法进行了综述，主要内容包括反渗透膜污染物的种类，污染物形成的原因，以及清洗时机的选取，清洗药品的选择，影响清洗效果的主要因素、清洗系统的构成，化学清洗的方法和清洗效果的评价指标。     

电厂补给水反渗透系统的优化运行与清洗

反渗透膜污染是电厂补给水反渗透系统应用中最大的问题之一。对反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗方法进行了综述,主要内容包括反渗透膜污染物的种类、污染物形成的原因以及清洗时机的选取、清洗药品的选择、影响清洗效果的主要因素、清洗系统构成、清洗方法和清洗效果的评价,并提出了几种防护措施。     

钢厂反渗透系统污染分析及清洗方案优化

本文以某钢厂膜法深度处理废水回用工程为例,研究钢铁企业回用水工程中反渗透系统运行数据,分析反渗透膜元件污染物主要成分,通过改变清洗药剂浓度及清洗条件,寻找一种快捷、高效的反渗透系统化学清洗方案。     

反渗透膜的污染及其离线清洗技术

本文介绍了反渗透膜的应用、反渗透膜污染的因素、污染的判断及反渗透膜离线清洗的方法、必要性等。总结了反渗透膜的污染原因及影响因素,并综述了反渗透膜的离线清洗方法效果。     

反渗透膜污染类型分析及清洗技术的研究进展

在反渗透技术中,膜污染是一种不可避免的问题,膜污染指的是水处理过程中膜表面或膜孔道被杂质、污垢或生物物质覆盖或堵塞的现象。膜污染的发生会导致许多不利影响,包括处理能力降低、脱盐率下降、回收率降低以及段间压差升高等,因此反渗透膜污染以及清洗技术显得至关重要。本文针对反渗透膜污染的类型进行分析,并从物理清洗、化学清洗以及清洗注意事项进行详细论述。最后,对反渗透膜及清洗技术未来发展方向进行展望,有利于结合具体情况选择适当的清洗剂和操作条件。通过正确的清洗和维护,可以延长反渗透膜的使用寿命,确保系统的稳定运行和长期经济效益。     

聚酰胺反渗透膜清洗技术

介绍聚酰胺反渗透膜的物理、化学清洗技术,在清洗中物理和化学清洗方式相结合以强化清洗效果,聚酰胺反渗透膜运行中进行整个系统的杀菌,控制系统的生物活性,降低细菌对膜的深度污染。     

反渗透膜的污染及清洗

文章论述了反渗透膜在水处理中常见的污染现象以及反渗透膜元件污染的判断处理。根据污染的类型、程度、膜材料的性能选择清洗剂,设计出合理的清洗方案,快速恢复反渗透膜的膜通量。     

电厂反渗透系统膜污染防治与膜清洗的研究

考察了长期运行的电厂反渗透系统中导致膜污染的原因、膜污染的种类和膜的清洗方法。采用反渗透系统进水和浓水的水质分析数据,提出了判断膜污染原因及污染物组成。根据反渗透系统进水和浓水的水质分析数据,实验筛选了膜清洗剂配方。结果表明表面活性剂对无机、有机混合垢有明显的促溶作用,以0.05%Na-SDS＋0.1%NaOH＋1%Na4-EDTA为配方的清洗剂,其清洗无机、有机混合膜污染的效果良好。     

反渗透膜污染及其清洗的研究

反渗透膜分离技术在水处理中的应用越来越广泛,膜污染也日益受到重视。就常见的膜污染情况进行研究,针对不同的污染情况提出了几种常用的清洗方式,并比较了几种清洗方式的优劣,重点揭示了化学清洗机理,为反渗透膜的清洗提供建议。     

反渗透膜清洗剂的实验评价方法

添加阻垢剂是反渗透系统重要的预处理方法之一,但膜在运行中还是会被反渗透过程中沉淀出的不溶性物质所逐渐污染.为了克服污染,必须对膜进行的定期清洗.反渗透市场上每年都会推出新的清洗剂,如何评价这些反渗透清洗剂及销售商提供的清洗程序至关重要.文章提供一种快速、方便、可靠的膜清洗剂试验方法.     

反渗透膜有机污染的研究进展

介绍了反渗透进水中一些主要有机污染物质的污染机理以及操作条件、膜自身特性、溶液化学性质对于污染过程的影响,还综述了预处理技术、清洗方法以及通过膜的表面改性等措施来控制反渗透膜的有机污染,最后指出了目前研究中需关注的一些问题。     

Chemical cleaning of reverse osmosis membranes used for treating wastewater from a rolling mill process

An analysis of fouling material and the effects of chemical cleaning were examined for a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, which was used for the treatment of wastewater from a rolling mill process in the steel industry. The bulk foulant accumulated in the membrane module consisted mainly of CaSO₄·2H₂O, and the organic contaminants were contained at a very low level. The test pieces obtained from the exhausted RO membrane module (spiral-wound type) were used to examine chemical cleaning with the following solutions: acid and alkaline solutions with EDTA added, 50% methanol, and 10% ethyleneglycol monobutyrate (EGMB). Although a major component of the fouling material was calcium salt, the acid or alkaline solution containing EDTA did not promote the effective recovery of the water flux. On the other hand, cleaning with 50% methanol or 10% EGME solution increased the water flux significantly. The atomic force microscopy images of the membrane surface indicated that relatively large particles accumulated at the surface of the fouled membranes, and the large particles remained even after acid or alkaline cleaning. In the case of EGMB cleaning after alkaline cleaning, large particles did not remain, and uniform and fine particles were observed. The results that calcium salt, a major fouling material, was not removed effectively with the acid and alkaline solution may be due to trace organic materials in the fouling layer that act as a binder for inorganic fouling materials.     

A review on the forward osmosis applications and fouling control strategies for wastewater treatment

During the last decades, the utilization of osmotic pressure-driven forward osmosis technology for wastewater treatment has drawn great interest, due to its high separation efficiency, low membrane fouling propensity, high water recovery and relatively low energy consumption. This review paper summarizes the implementation of forward osmosis technology for various wastewater treatment including municipal sewage, landfill leachate, oil/gas exploitation wastewater, textile wastewater, mine wastewater, and radioactive wastewater. However, membrane fouling is still a critical issue, which affects water flux stability, membrane life and operating cost. Different membrane fouling types and corresponding fouling mechanisms, including organic fouling, inorganic fouling, biofouling and combined fouling are therefore further discussed. The fouling control strategies including feed pre-treatment, operation condition optimization, membrane selection and modification, membrane cleaning and tailoring the chemistry of draw solution are also reviewed comprehensively. At the end of paper, some recommendations are proposed.     

Application of reverse osmosis to automotive electrocoat paint wastewater recycling

Field and bench-scale reverse osmosis experiments on wastewater derived from automotive electrocoat paint operations are reported. Field experiments were performed continuously over a six-month interval using a reverse osmosis unit equipped with cellulose acetate membranes. An operating pressure of 3100 kPa (450 psi) and a temperature of 24–27°C was maintained. These RO experiments were unusual for two reasons. First, certain solutes in the feedwater were allowed to permeate through the membrane along with water. This was done to permit solute recycling and reuse. Since these solutes (ethyl, butyl and hexyl glycol ethers) were present in a 3% total concentration in the feedstream, their permeation through the membrane eliminated a flux reduction mechanism. This would arise from the increased upstream osmotic pressure if these solutes were concentrated. Second, the experiments were performed under conditions where colloidal lead was present. This caused limited membrane fouling which was controlled via weekly cleaning with dilute lactic acid. Some supporting bench-scale RO experiments were carried out to probe factors influencing this RO application.     

BF抗污染反渗透膜及其在废水处理中的应用

（株）世韩开发的BF系列抗污染反渗透膜具有良好的抗污染特性，尤其应用于工业地表水和废水处理领域时，膜水通量衰减小，系统运行能耗低，制水周期长，清洗效果显著，是一种性能优异的新型反渗透复合膜。     

膜分离技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

垃圾渗滤液是一种重污染的有毒有机废水,对生态环境造成了严重的威胁。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液现有的膜处理技术,与传统处理工艺相比,膜技术具有低能高效等优点,是未来渗滤液处理技术的重要发展方向。由于垃圾渗滤液组成的复杂性,根据不同处理目的,微滤膜(MF)、超滤膜(UF)、纳滤膜(NF)和反渗透膜(RO)4种膜在垃圾渗滤液处理中都得到了一定的应用。总结发现,其中MF和UF对渗滤液的处理效果较差,一般作为渗滤液的预处理技术;NF和RO对渗滤液的处理效果较好,主要作为其深度处理技术。然而,膜污染阻碍了膜技术在渗滤液处理方面的发展与应用,为此可通过研究开发新型膜材料、有效的预处理技术和膜分离工艺优化等方面来防止膜污染的发生,以便膜技术在渗滤液及其他水处理方面得到更加广泛的应用。