硝基复合肥熔体造粒法的风险分析与预防措施

介绍了硝基复合肥熔体造粒法生产工艺,分析了其生产过程中的物质、工艺、设备、重大危险源等危险有害因素。分析表明,其生产过程中存在火灾爆炸、化学灼伤、高温灼伤、粉尘、机械伤害、高处坠落等危险有害因素。提出了安全管理对策措施、主要工艺技术和装置安全措施、重点监管危险化学品管理措施、应急救援措施等安全对策措施,建议安全设计和生产活动中应充分考虑这些危险有害因素,加强安全预防。     

亚磷酸三乙酯生产的危险性分析与安全措施

介绍了亚磷酸三乙酯的反应原理及生产工艺,分析了生产过程中的物质、工艺、设备等危险有害因素,并进行了危险化学品重大危险源辩识,提出了安全管理、主要工艺、设备检维修、事故应急救援等安全对策措施,建议项目施工和生产活动中应充分考虑这些危险有害因素,加强安全防范措施。     

电解锰厂生产过程中危险有害因素分析

介绍电解锰厂主要的生产工艺技术概况;分析其生产过程中可能存在的危险有害因素有尘毒、触电、火灾和爆炸、灼伤、中毒、机械伤害、水土污染等,并针对上述危险有害因素提出相应的安全防护措施,切实保证生产正常进行。     

乙炔生产过程危险性分析

对乙炔生产过程的几起典型事故进行了安全分析,对乙炔生产过程中火灾爆炸危险性、乙炔生产工艺过程危险有害因素等进行了辩识。采用预先危险分析方法进行分析,指出乙炔发生过程中火灾爆炸危险性存在的可能性,并提出了预防措施。     

DMTO装置生产工艺过程的危险及有害因素分析

针对DMTO装置生产工艺过程的危险及有害因素,结合理论实践,在分析DMTO装置生产工艺过程面临危险的基础上,分析有害因素形成的原因,并提出评价DMTO装置安全生产的方法,得出落实安全生措施、制定安全操作规程、加强现场安全管理是降低DMTO装置生产风险关键的结论,希望对相关装置有一定帮助。     

乙炔生产过程危险性分析

本文对乙炔生产过程的几起典型事故进行安全分析,对乙炔生产过程中火灾爆炸危险性、乙炔生产工艺过程危险有害因素等进行辩识。本文采用预先危险分析方法进行分析,指出乙炔发生过程中火灾爆炸危险性存在的可能性,并提出相对的预防措施。     

试析纯碱生产的安全管理措施

纯碱生产的特点是生产工艺复杂、机械设备繁多,而且生产过程中存在易燃、易爆、易中毒等多种危险有害因素。如何保证纯碱生产的安全也成为了纯碱生产企业必须要重视的问题之一。本文在分析纯碱生产存在的危险问题的基础上,提出了一些安全管理措施,以期为保障纯碱工业安全生产的实现提供参考。     

实施安全检查促进企业安全发展

安全生产检查是对企业生产过程及安全管理中可能存在的隐患、危险有害因素、缺陷等进行查证,以确定隐患、危险有害因素、缺陷存在的状态,以及它们转化为事故的条件,以便制定整改措施,消除隐惠和危险有害因素确保生产安全。     

JWL-Ⅲ型乳化炸药生产线危险有害因素辨识

针对乳化炸药高温敏化生产线不断增多,其危险有害因素却还未得到全面认识的现状,本文采用类比、对照和经验法,主要从原材料、半成品、成品、生产过程等方面,全面辨识和分析了JWL-Ⅲ型乳化炸药生产线中存在的主要危险有害因素。分析发现:燃烧、爆炸是其最主要的危险有害因素,是安全生产过程中必须杜绝的。     

浅析甲醇装置危险有害因素及事故应急对策

甲醇生产是一个复杂的、连续化的生产工艺过程,存在发生火灾、爆炸、泄漏、中毒等风险事故的可能性。通过对甲醇生产装置危险有害因素辨识及其危险有害程度的梳理,在甲醇装置事故后果分析的基础上,确定了该装置的事故应急对策,进而确保装置安全运行。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。