聚丙烯腈/石墨烯纳米复合物的制备、表征及其热性能

采用以水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶剂作反应介质的沉淀聚合法制备了聚丙烯腈/石墨烯纳米复合物。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和广角X射线衍射(XRD)研究了聚丙烯腈/石墨烯复合物的组成、结构、形貌及两组份的相互作用。利用差式扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了聚丙烯腈及纳米复合物的热性能。结果表明,强极性的聚丙烯腈与石墨烯之间存在较强的非共价相互作用;由于石墨烯的加入,聚丙烯腈的玻璃化转变温度提高了30℃;石墨烯添加量为3%(质量分数)时,聚丙烯腈在氮气和空气中的环化反应放热峰值分别提高了3和11℃;石墨烯使聚丙烯腈在热稳定化过程中的环化反应和氧化反应放热峰宽化、缓和。     

功能化石墨烯/PMMA透明复合材料热稳定性能的提高

首先合成一系列不同分子量聚乙二醇(PEG)共价修饰的功能化石墨烯(GO-PEG),并利用溶剂共混技术,按照质量分数为1%的掺杂量,分别填充到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基体中构建聚合物纳米复合材料。GO-PEG可以显著提高PMMA的热稳定性能,其中掺杂GO-PEG1000或GO-PEG2000纳米填料的复合材料薄膜在热稳定性提高的同时,维持了较高的可见光透过率(94%),该材料具有一定的工业应用前景。     

氧化石墨烯/镍纳米润滑添加剂的润滑性能

目前有关氧化石墨烯表面负载金属纳米颗粒作为润滑添加剂的研究不多.为此,利用化学沉淀法制备了氧化石墨烯/镍纳米润滑复合材料,利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品进行表征.将氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯/镍纳米材料作为润滑添加剂分别添加到液体石蜡中,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机分别考察其摩擦学性能.结果表明:相对于纯液体石蜡,添加氧化石墨烯/镍纳米润滑复合材料的液体石蜡和添加氧化石墨烯的液体石蜡的润滑效果都有提高,且添加氧化石墨烯/镍纳米复合材料时润滑效果最好.氧化石墨烯/镍纳米复合材料添加量为0.08％时润滑效果最好,相对于纯液体石蜡,摩擦系数和磨斑直径分别降低了18％和22％.     

氧化石墨烯纳米带/TPU复合材料薄膜制备及性能表征

采用氧化法将碳纳米管纵向切割成氧化石墨烯纳米带,利用溶液成形在涂膜机上制备氧化石墨烯纳米带/TPU复合材料薄膜。FT-IR、拉曼光谱、XRD、FE-SEM、TEM等测试表明,碳纳米管成功地被纵向切割成带状结构的氧化石墨烯纳米带。力学测试表明,当氧化石墨烯纳米带用量为2%(质量分数)时,复合材料薄膜弹性模量与拉伸强度相比TPU薄膜提高了160%与123%。氧气透过率测试表明当氧化石墨烯纳米带用量为2%(质量分数)时,复合材料薄膜氧气透过率降低77%,阻隔性能明显提高。     

还原氧化石墨烯-贵金属纳米复合物的制备及表征

以氧化石墨和氯铂酸为前驱体,在油胺中简便地合成了还原氧化石墨烯-铂(Reduced graphene oxide-platinum,rGOPt)纳米复合物,并对其进行了表征。透射电子显微镜和光谱测试结果表明,铂纳米颗粒均匀分布在石墨烯表面,尺寸约为30nm,铂纳米粒子为多孔隙结构,结晶性能良好,氧化石墨在高温下转变为还原氧化石墨烯。用此方法也可以制备还原氧化石墨烯-金(rGO-Au)或还原氧化石墨烯-银(rGO-Ag)的纳米复合物,金、银纳米颗粒呈球状,对可见光具有明显的表面等离子吸收。同时,油胺作为溶剂、贵金属盐的还原剂和表面活性剂,使制备过程简单、快捷。     

聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯纳米复合膜的制备及生物性能研究

采用溶液浇铸法和超声分散工艺制备了聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯(PLA/n-HA/GO)纳米生物复合膜,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对其断面形貌进行了研究,借助X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了纳米羟基磷灰石和氧化石墨烯的加入对所得复合膜结构的影响,并对其生物相容性进行了探讨.结果表明,氧化石墨烯和纳米羟基磷灰石在复合膜中分散均匀;细胞在复合膜上贴附牢固、铺展良好,具有良好的生长形态.聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯复合材料为细胞提供了接近天然细胞外基质的人造微环境,显示了该材料在引导组织修复和再生领域中的应用潜力.     

亲水型功能化石墨烯的分散性及其对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

为了解决石墨烯纳米片在水泥基体中的分散问题,采用芳基重氮盐(F)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行改性,制备了一种新型亲水型功能化石墨烯(FG)。结果表明,FG在水溶剂中最大的分散浓度能够达到2.1 mg/mL。FTIR、拉曼光谱和XPS结果表明F成功对石墨烯进行了表面改性。对比纯水泥基体材料,本文所制备的亲水型FG/水泥复合材料的28天抗折强度和抗压强度相对提高了95.3%和78.3%。F对GO进行改性,实现了石墨烯在水泥基材料中的均匀分散及对其力学性能的提升。      

氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子和石墨烯纳米带的研究进展

氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子是将氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs)与其他纳米粒子经π-π键、氢键等结合方式复合在一起,通过这种特殊的结合形态一方面可以有效地防止GONRs的聚积,另一方面新的纳米粒子的引入能够赋予该杂化材料某些特殊的性能,从而有利于充分发挥GONRs杂化材料在聚合物改性等领域的综合性能。本文综述了氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子的制备方法、性能和应用现状。此外,针对GONRs的还原产物石墨烯纳米带(GNRs)的结构、性能、制备方法及其应用领域也进行了系统性地论述。相关研究表明,氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子的设计与制备是氧化石墨烯纳米带迈向实用领域的一个有效途径,而石墨烯纳米作为石墨烯的一种特殊结构的二维变体,继承了石墨烯优良的导电和导热等性能,同时特殊的边缘效应,因而呈现出了更广阔的应用潜力。     

超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及其热性能的研究

为了提高超高分子量聚乙烯的热性能,本文通过溶液共混的方法利用氧化石墨烯改性不同分子量的超高分子量聚乙烯,然后利用红外测试(FTIR)、X射线衍射测试(XRD)、扫描电镜测试(SEM)、差热扫描量热分析仪(DSC)和热失重分析(TG)的方法对超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯纳米复合材料的结构、表面形态和性能进行了研究.通过分析测试表明氧化石墨烯在超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯纳米复合材料中的分散性良好,氧化石墨烯的添加量为0.3%时,石墨烯/超高分子量聚乙烯的复合材料的热稳定性等性能最好,与原材料相比提高了3℃.     

不同水醇比条件下原位聚合的聚吡咯/石墨烯复合材料的电容性能

在不同水醇比的溶剂环境下,利用原位聚合法制得聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合物,再经还原得到聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料。通过红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试方法对复合材料的结构和形貌进行表征,利用电化学工作站对复合物的电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,在不同水醇比的溶剂条件下所制备的还原氧化石墨烯与聚吡咯复合材料都具有优异的电容性能和良好的稳定性。当水醇比为9∶1(体积比,下同)时,所制备的材料具有最稳定的电容性能。     

Analysis of a Premature Failure of a Hub from a Diesel Generator of a High-Speed Motor Ship

Failure analysis is carried out on a fractured hub obtained from a diesel generator of a high-speed motor ship. Macrofractography, microfractography, standard optical metallography, material characterization techniques, and numerical modeling were used to verify the findings of the current investigation. Cracking initiation is attributed to fretting fatigue caused by a modification performed in the vicinity of the fractured hub. Operational vibrations contributed to the propagation of the cracks as typical fatigue cracks until final fracture.     

Resistance of a sphere in a slow flow of a viscoelastic fluid

The authors have obtained an approximate solution of the problem of the resistance of a rigid sphere in a slow flow of a Maxwell viscoelastic fluid that is in good agreement with experimental data [1] for Weissenberg numbers We ≤ 0.7. It is shown that the effect of a decrease in the coefficient of resistance of a sphere in the interval 0.1 ≤ We ≤ 0.7 established experimentally is determined in full measure by the linear viscoelastic properties of the Maxwell fluid. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 1138–1140, November–December, 1998.     

Dispersion of a solute in a Poiseuille flow of a viscoelastic fluid

Gill and Sankarasubramanian's analysis of the dispersion of Newtonian fluids in laminar flow between two parallel walls is extended to the flow of non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids (known as Phan-Thein-Tanner (PTT)). Using a generalized dispersion model which is valid for all times after the solute injection, the diffusion coefficient K_i(t) is obtained exactly and numerically for linearized and exponential forms of the PTT fluids, respectively. The analysis leads to the novel result for K₁ and K₂(t) (which is a measure of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the solute). It is found that the value of K₂(t) depends on the value of Deborah number (De=a measure of the level of elasticity in the fluid) whereas the value of K₁ is constant in both cases. Finally, the effect of the Deborah number on the axial distribution of the mean concentration θ_m is investigated in detail.     

聚醚砜四元制膜液体系的相图计算

以Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ理论为基础，对ＰＥＳ－ＰＧ－ＮＭＰ＿Ｈ２Ｏ＿）聚醚砜丙二醇－Ｎ－甲基－２－哟咯烷酮水）四元制液体系的相图进行了计算，利用三元相图考察Ｈ２Ｏ和ＰＧ对液－液相分离的影响，在三元的理论的基础上提出了低分子量添加剂的卤元改性Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ理论，并提出了一种获得四元相图的方法，利用四元相图能较争地描述四元体系，利用改性的四元理论，能了地理解该种体系的液－液相分离行为。     

Heat Transfer of a Sphere in a Constrained Flow of a Viscous Fluid

Results of an experimental investigation of the average heat transfer of a sphere in the region of Reynolds numbers 0.1–40 are given. The increase in the Nusselt number with increase in the constraint parameter of flow is established. Based on the fractal theory, the influence of the degree of constraint on the heat transfer is physically explained and a quantitative correction is introduced.     

Flow of a thin film of a viscous liquid in a gas jet

An approximate formulation is considered for the steady-state wave flow of a thin film of viscous liquid subject to tangential frictional stresses at the boundary. Measurements have been made on the stability limit for droplet detachment, and it has been found that the detachment rate and fractional composition of the droplets are dependent on the boundary conditions.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 622–630, April, 1981.     

Drag of a plate in a uniform flow of a weak polymer solution

The problem of the drag of a plate moving in a weak polymer solution is solved on the basis of a three-layer schematization of the velocity distribution in the turbulent boundary layer.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vo. 41, No. 5, pp. 819–826, November, 1981.     

Heat exchange of a swirled stream of a gas suspension in a pipe

The results of an experimental investigation of heat exchange during turbulent flow of a gas containing suspended particles of a solid material in a horizontal pipe are presented.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 198–202, August, 1986.     

Stress analysis of a strip with a step and a crack

Stress analysis for a strip of which widths are different at the right and left handsides is carried out for before and after occurrence of a crack at a corner of a step. The strip is analyzed as a thin plate bending problem subject to transverse bending and torsion, and as a plane eleastic problem subject to bending in the plane and uniaxial tension. The rational mapping function of a sum of fractional expressions and complex variable method are used. Stress distribution and stress intensity factors are obtained.